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530"","title","abstract","authors","link","date","subject","source","initaldecision"
"1","Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19","Objective: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic has raised international concern. Mental health is becoming an issue that cannot be ignored in our fight against it. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and factors linked to anxiety and depression in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: A total of 144 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in this study. We assessed depression and anxiety symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and social support using the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) among patients at admission. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results: Of the 144 participants, 34.72% and 28.47% patients with COVID-19 had symptoms of anxiety or depression, respectively. The bivariate correlations showed that less social support was correlated with more anxious (r=-0.196, p<0.05) and depressive (r=-0.360p<0.05) symptoms among patients with COVID-19. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender ({beta}=1.446, p=0.034), age ({beta}=0.074, p=0.003), oxygen saturation ({beta} =-2.140, p=0.049), and social support ({beta} =-1.545, p=0.017) were associated with anxiety for COVID-19 patients. Moreover, age ({beta}=0.084, p=0.001), family infection with SARS-CoV-2 ({beta} =1.515, p=0.027) and social support ({beta} =-2.236, p<0.001) were the factors associated with depression. Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 presented features of anxiety and depression. Mental concern and appropriate intervention are essential parts of clinical care for those who are at risk.","Dong, Y.; Su, T.; Jiao, P.; Kong, X.; Zheng, K.; Tang, M.; Kong, F.; Zhou, J.; Diao, L.; Wu, S.","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.24.20043075v1?rss=1""",20200330,NA,"medRxiv",""
"2","Evaluating COVID-19 Public Health Messaging in Italy: Self-Reported Compliance and Growing Mental Health Concerns","Purpose: The COVID-19 death-rate in Italy continues to climb, surpassing that in every other country. We implement one of the first nationally representative surveys about this unprecedented public health crisis and use it to evaluate the Italian government's public health efforts and citizen responses. Findings: (1) Public health messaging is being heard. At this point, the Italian people understand how to keep themselves and others safe from the SARS-Cov-2 virus. This is true for all population groups we studied, with the partial exception of slightly lower compliance among young adults. Remarkably, even those who do not trust the government, and those who think the government has been untruthful about the crisis mostly believe the public health message and claim to be acting in accordance. (2) The quarantine is beginning to have serious negative effects on the population's mental health. Policy Recommendations: Public health messaging is being heard and understood. The focus now should move from explaining that citizens should stay at home to what they can do at home. We need interventions that make staying at home and following public health protocols more desirable, or possibly even fun. These interventions could include virtual social interactions, such as online social reading activities, classes, exercise routines, among others - all designed to reduce the boredom of being socially isolated for long periods of time and to increase the attractiveness of following public health recommendations. Interventions like these will grow in importance as the crisis wears on around the world, and staying inside wears on people.","Barari, S.; Caria, S.; Davola, A.; Falco, P.; Fetzer, T.; Fiorin, S.; Hensel, L.; Ivchenko, A.; Jachimowicz, J.; King, G.; Kraft-Todd, G.; Ledda, A.; MacLennan, M.; Mutoi, L.; Pagani, C.; Reutskaja, E.; Slepoi, F. R.","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.27.20042820v1?rss=1""",20200330,NA,"medRxiv",""
"3","High risk of infection caused posttraumatic stress symptoms in individuals with poor sleep quality: A study on influence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China","The influence of the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on mental health was poorly understood. The present study aimed to exam sleep problems and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in Chinese immediately after the massive outbreak of COVID-19. A total of 2027 Chinese participated in the present study. Wuhan-expose history, sleep quality and PTSS were measured with self-rating scales. Results showed that there were significant differences of PCL-5 and of sleep quality scores in different data-collection dates (ps<0.05). There were significant differences of PCL-5 scores (p<0.05) and latency onset of sleep (p<0.05) between participants with and without Wuhan-expose history. The interaction effect of Wuhan exposure history x sleep quality significantly influenced PCL-5 (ps<0.05). These results indicate that keeping good sleep quality in individuals with high infectious risk is a way to prevent PTSS.","Zhang, F.; Shang, Z.; Ma, H.; Jia, Y.; Sun, L.; Guo, X.; Wu, L.; Sun, Z.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, Y.; Liu, N.; Liu, W.","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.20034504v1?rss=1""",20200324,NA,"medRxiv",""
"4","Analysis of psychological state and clinical psychological intervention model of patients with COVID-19","Background:Patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have different degrees of psychological pain, such as anxiety and depression, which may related to their prognosis. Psychological intervention can be conducted in different ways to improve psychological pain and improve the treatment effect. Objective:The present study aimed to investigate and analyze the psychological status of patients with COVID-19 during the course of illness, and to evaluate the effect and influencing factors of psychological crisis intervention, so as to explore the effective mode of clinical psychological intervention in acute patients under isolation environment. Methods:A total of 143 persons participated in the study, including 26 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the isolation ward (COVID-19 group), 87 patients with general pneumonia in the observation ward (General Pneumonia group) and 30 healthy volunteers (Normal group). All the patients in the ward received comprehensive psychological intervention, including telephone psychological counseling (active and passive), self-adjustment of written materials and one-to-one psychological crisis intervention. Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) were used to evaluate the mental health status of all patients on the day of admission and 1 week after treatment. Results:The scores of HAMA and HAMD of all patients (including isolation ward and observation ward) were significantly higher than the healthy volunteers at the time of admission. The total score of HAMA and HAMD in CVOID-19 group were both higher than that General Pneumonia group. After 1 week`s hospitalization with comprehensive psychological intervention, the scores of HAMA and HAMD in CVOID-19 group were significantly decreased. Conclusion:Patients those who diagnosed with COVID-19 in the isolation ward and/or general pneumonia in observation ward have different degrees of anxiety, depression and sleep problems. While receiving antiviral treatment, patients also need psychological intervention. Comprehensive psychological intervention model has been proved to be effective.","Yang, L.; Wu, D.; Hou, Y.; Wang, X.; Dai, N.; Wang, G.; Yang, Q.; Zhao, W.; Lou, Z.; Ji, Y.; Ruan, L.","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.20040899v1?rss=1""",20200324,NA,"medRxiv",""
"5","Mental health status among family members of health care workers in Ningbo, China during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: a Cross-sectional Study","Background: So far, the psychological impact of COVID-19 epidemic among family members of Health care workers (HCWs) in China has been neglected. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the mental health status and related factors of families of HCWs in Designated Hospitals in Ningbo, China. Method: Family members of HCWs working in five designated hospitals in Ningbo, China were recruited between February 10th and 20th, 2020. Information on demographic variables, the COVID-19-related events in the lives, knowledge of COVID-19 and the working status of family members (that is, HCWs) was collected using online self-administered questionnaires. The mental health status were assessed using the Chinese version of Patient Health Questionnare-9 (PHQ-9) and Chinese version of Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7 ). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the main factors associated with the mental health conditions. Results: A total of 822 participants completed questionnaires correctly. (response rate of 95.80% ). The overall prevalence of GAD and depressive symptoms were 33.73%, and 29.35%, respectively. More times (hours) to focus on the COVID-19 (OR=1.215, 95%CI:1.061-1.391), family members (that is, HCWs) directly contact with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients (OR=1.477, 95%CI:1.069-2.040) were risk factors for GAD, while higher participants self-reported safety score for protective equipment of HCWs (OR=0.807, 95%CI:0.700-0.930) was a protective factor. More times (hours) to focus on the COVID-19 (OR=1.215, 95%CI:1.061-1.391), longer average working times per week for family members (that is, HCWs) (OR=1.017, 95%CI:1.005-1.029), being parents and other next of kin of HCWs were risk factors for depressive symptoms (OR=3.526, 95%CI:1.609-7.728 and OR=1.639, 95%CI:1.096-2.451, respectively). In addition, compared with participants who were HCWs, participants who were enterprise workers and were more likely to develop depressive symptoms(OR=1.750, 95%CI:1.104-2.776), while who were government employees or institutions employees were less likely to suffer depressive symptoms (OR=0.529, 95%CI:0.286-0.977). Conclusions: Psychological responses to COVID-19 have been dramatic among family members of HCWs during the rising phase of the outbreak. Our findings provide strong evidence to pay more attention on the mental health status of this vulnerable but often unseen populations during COVID-19 epidemic.","Ying, Y.; Kong, F.; Zhu, B.; Ji, Y.; Lou, Z.; Ruan, L.","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.13.20033290v1?rss=1""",20200317,NA,"medRxiv",""
"6","The prevalence and influencing factors for anxiety in medical workers fighting COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional survey","Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus has been sustained in China since December 2019, and could become a pandemic if we do not contain it. The mental health of frontline medical staff is a concern. In this study, we aimed to identify the influencing factors on medical worker anxiety in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of anxiety among medical staff from 10th February 2020 to 20th February 2020 in China using the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) to assess anxiety, using the criteria of normal ([≤]49), mild (50-59), moderate (60-70) and severe anxiety ([≥]70). We used multivariable linear regression to determine the factors (e.g., having direct contact treating infected patients, being a medical staff worker from Hubei province, being a suspect case) for anxiety. We also used adjusted models to confirm independent factors for anxiety after adjusting for gender, age, education and marital status. Results: Of 512 medical staff from China, 164 healthcare workers (32.03%) had had direct contact by treating infected patients. The prevalence of anxiety was 12.5%, with 53 workers suffering from mild (10.35%), seven workers from moderate (1.36%) and four workers from severe anxiety (0.78%). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, education and marital status), medical staff who had had direct contact treating infected patients saw higher anxiety scores than those who had not had direct contact ({beta}value=2.33, CI: 0.65 -4.00; p=0.0068). Similar things were observed in medical staff from Hubei province, compared with those from other parts of China ({beta}value=3.67, CI: 1.44 -5.89; p=0.0013). The most important variable was suspect cases with high anxiety scores, compared to non-suspect cases ({beta}value=4.44, CI: 1.55 -7.33; p=0.0028). Conclusion: Our results highlight that government authorities should make early detection of the high risk of anxiety among medical staff a priority, and implement appropriate psychological intervention programs, to prevent medical staff from developing psychological disorders that could potentially exert an adverse effect on combating the COVID-19 epidemic.","Liu, C.; Yang, Y.-z.; Zhang, X. M.; Xu, X.; Dou, Q.-L.; Zhang, W.-W.","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.05.20032003v1?rss=1""",20200308,NA,"medRxiv",""
"7","The Evaluation of Sleep Disturbances for Chinese Frontline Medical Workers Under the Outbreak of COVID-19","Objective To evaluate sleep disturbances of Chinese frontline medical workers (fMW) under the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, and make a comparison with non-fMW. Methods The medical workers from multiple hospitals in Hubei Province, China, were volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire, including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), was used to evaluate sleep disturbances and mental status of fMW. Sleep disturbances were defined as PSQI>7 points or/and AIS>6 points. We compared the scores of PSQI, AIS, anxiety and depression VAS and prevalence of sleep disturbances between fMW and non-fMW. Subgroup analysis for different gender in fMW was conducted. Results A total of 1306 subjects (including 801 fMW and 505 non-fMW) were enrolled. Compared to non-fMW, fMW had significantly higher scores of PSQI (9.3 vs 7.5, P<0.001), AIS (6.9 vs 5.3, P<0.001), anxiety (4.9 vs 4.3, P<0.001) and depression (4.1 vs 3.6, P=0.001), and higher prevalence of sleep disturbances with PSQI > 7 points (67.2% vs 47.7%, P<0.001) and AIS > 6 points (51.7% vs 35.6%, P<0.001). In subgroup analysis, compared to male fMW, female fMW had significantly higher scores of PSQI (9.4 vs 8.6, P=0.022) and higher prevalence of sleep disturbances with PSQI > 7 points (70.3% vs 54.6%, P<0.001). Conclusion fMW had higher prevalence of sleep disturbances and worse sleep quality than non-fMW. Female fMW were more vulnerable to having sleep disturbances than male fMW.","Qi, J.; Xu, J.; Li, B.; Huang, J.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Yao, D.; Liu, Q.; Jia, M.; Gong, D.; Ni, X.; Zhang, Q.; Shang, F.; Xiong, N.; Zhu, C.; Wang, T.; Zhang, X.","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.20031278v1?rss=1""",20200308,NA,"medRxiv",""
"8","Study of the mental health status of medical personnel dealing with new coronavirus pneumonia","Objective: This paper studied the relationship between personality traits and mental health conditions of medical personnel to provide a basis and reference for the implementation of targeted education on mental health. Methods: A self-report inventory, the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), was used to investigate the mental health status of 548 medical personnel dealing with the new coronavirus pneumonia in eight provinces and cities of China. Results: The overall mean SCL-90 score and mean values of factors (somatization, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism) of the medical personnel were significantly higher than in the norm group (p < 0.05), while their average interpersonal sensitivity score was significantly lower (p < 0.01). In addition, personal factors affecting the mental health status of medical personnel were identified. ( all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The overall mental health status of medical personnel responding to new coronavirus pneumonia is generally higher than that of the norm group in China. The results of this study should contribute to measures to alleviate the psychological pressures on medical personnel dealing with the new coronavirus epidemic in China","sun, n.; xing, j.; xu, j.; geng, l. s.; li, q. y.","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.20030973v1?rss=1""",20200306,NA,"medRxiv",""
"9","Clinical characteristics of 101 non-surviving hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A single center, retrospective study","Abstract Rationale: COVID-19 have deprived many lives in Wuhan, China and caused global concerns. Few studies focused on clinical characteristics non-survivors hospitalized with COVID-19. Objectives: We aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of died patients with COVID-19 and tracked the causes of the rapid disease progression and death. Methods: 101 non-surviving patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included in this retrospective study. Clinical data were collected and compared between non-survivors who died within 3 days and after 3 days of admission. Multivariable regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors associated with rapid disease progression and death. Measurements and Main Results: Among included patients, median age was 71 years (IQR, 59-80), 60 (59.41%) were men. 82 (81.19%) had one or more comorbidities including hypertension (59 [58.42%]), diabetes (22 [21.78%]) etc. 100 (99.01%) suffered respiratory failure, 53 (52.48%) developed acute cardiac injury, acute kidney and liver injury occurred in 23 (22.77%) and 18 (17.82%) patients, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis showed that elevated high sensitivity troponin I (OR 2.68, 95%CI 1.31-5.49, P=0.007), neutrophils (OR 1.14, 95%CI 1.01-1.28, P=0.033) and depressed oxygen saturation (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.89-0.99, P=0.027) on admission were associated with rapid death of patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: Older patients (>70 years) with comorbidities had a steeply increased risk of death with COVID-19. Respiratory failure, acute cardiac and kidney injury played a crucial role in the death of patients. Elevated high sensitivity troponin, neutrophils and depressed oxygen saturation predicted the rapid death of patients.","Shi, Q.; Zhao, K.; Yu, J.; Feng, J.; Zhao, K.; Zhang, X.; Chen, X.; Hu, P.; Hong, Y.; Li, M.; Liu, F.; Chen, C.; Wang, W.","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.20031039v1?rss=1""",20200306,NA,"medRxiv",""
"10","Spread and control of COVID-19 in China and their associations with population movement, public health emergency measures, and medical resources","ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The COVID-19 epidemic, first emerged in Wuhan during December 2019, has spread globally. While the mass population movement for Chinese New Year has significantly influenced spreading the disease, little direct evidence exists about the relevance to epidemic and its control of population movement from Wuhan, local emergency response, and medical resources in China. METHODS Spearman's correlation analysis was performed between official data of confirmed COVID-19 cases from Jan 20th to Feb 19th, 2020 and real-time travel data and health resources data. RESULTS There were 74,675 confirmed COVID-19 cases in China by Feb 19th, 2020. The overall fatality rate was 2.84%, much higher in Hubei than in other regions (3.27% vs 0.73%). The index of population inflow from Hubei was positively correlated with total (Provincial r=0.9159, p<0.001; City r=0.6311, p<0.001) and primary cases (Provincial r=0.8702, p<0.001; City r=0.6358, p<0.001). The local health emergency measures (eg, city lockdown and traffic control) were associated with reduced infections nationwide. Moreover, the number of public health employees per capita was inversely correlated with total cases (r=-0.6295, p<0.001) and infection rates (r=-0.4912, p<0.01). Similarly, cities with less medical resources had higher fatality (r=-0.4791, p<0.01) and lower cure rates (r=0.5286, p<0.01) among the confirmed cases. CONCLUSIONS The spread of the COVID-19 in China in its early phase was attributed primarily to population movement from Hubei, and effective governmental health emergency measures and adequate medical resources played important roles in subsequent control of epidemic and improved prognosis of affected individuals.","Ying, S.; Li, F.; Geng, X.; Li, Z.; Du, X.; Chen, H.; Chen, S.; Zhang, M.; Shao, Z.; Wu, Y.; Syeda, M. Z.; Yan, F.; Che, L.; Zhang, B.; Lou, J.; Wang, S.; Chen, Z.; Li, W.; Shen, Y.; Chen, Z.; Shen, H.","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.24.20027623v1?rss=1""",20200227,NA,"medRxiv",""
"11","Mental health status and coping strategy of medical workers in China during The COVID-19 outbreak","Abstract Background: The impact of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic on mental health of medical workers, as well as its impact factors, remains unknown. We assessed symptoms of anxiety, depression and insomnia in medical workers and the effect of social support in China during COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: We conducted this study using online questionnaires via a social networking software, Wechat, within a week from Feb 9th 2020 to Feb 15th 2020. Symptoms of anxiety, depression and insomnia were measured by Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Chinese version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Insomnia Severity Index, respetively. The assessment of social support was measured by the Social Support Rating Scale. Results: Among all the 5393 respondents, anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms of the population accounted for 5.9%, 28% and 34.3% of the total sample group, respectively. Female, contact with confirmed or suspected cases, work in the clinical first-line, low social support total score and low score in each dimension, nurses and other factors are closely related to the occurrence of depression, anxiety, insomnia symptoms.After controlling the Statistically significant population characteristics variables, we found that the total score of social support and the score of three dimensions were protective factors for psychological problems.","Siyu, C.; Xia, M.; Wen, W.; Cui, L.; Yang, W.; Liu, S.; Fan, J. F.; Yue, H.; Tang, S.; Tang, B.; Li, X.; Chen, L.; Qin, Z.; Lv, K.; Guo, X.; Lin, Y.; Wen, Y.; Gao, W.; Zheng, Y.; Xu, W.; Li, Y.; Xu, Y.; Ling, L.; Lei, W.","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.23.20026872v1?rss=1""",20200225,NA,"medRxiv",""
"12","COVID-19 in Wuhan: Immediate Psychological Impact on 5062 Health Workers","BACKGROUND: The outbreak of COVID-19 has laid unprecedented psychological stress on health workers (HWs). We aimed to assess the immediate psychological impact on HWs at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. METHODS: We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional survey of HWs via online questionnaires between February 8th and 10th, 2020. We evaluated stress, depression and anxiety by Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), respectively. We also designed a questionnaire to assess the effect of psychological protective measures taken by Tongji Hospital. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of acute stress, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS: We received 5062 completed questionnaires (response rate, 77.1 percent). 1509 (29.8 percent), 681 (13.5 percent) and 1218 (24.1 percent) HWs reported stress, depression and anxiety symptoms. Women (hazard ratio[HR], 1.31; P=0.032), years of working> 10 years (HR, 2.02; P<0.001), concomitant chronic diseases (HR, 1.51; P<0.001), history of mental disorders (HR, 3.27; P<0.001), and family members or relatives confirmed or suspected (HR, 1.23; P=0.030) were risk factors for stress, whereas care provided by hospital and department administrators(odds ratio [OR], 0.76; P=0.024) and full coverage of all departments with protective measures (OR, 0.69; P=0.004) were protective factors. CONCLUSIONS: Women and those who have more than 10 years of working, concomitant chronic diseases, history of mental disorders, and family members or relatives confirmed or suspected are susceptible to stress, depression and anxiety among HWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological protective measures implemented by the hospital could be helpful.","Zhu, Z.; Xu, S.; Wang, H.; Liu, Z.; Wu, J.; Li, G.; Miao, J.; Zhang, C.; Yang, Y.; Sun, W.; Zhu, S.; Fan, Y.; Hu, J.; Liu, J.; Wang, W.","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.20.20025338v1?rss=1""",20200223,NA,"medRxiv",""
"13","Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 epidemic in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey","Background: China has been severely affected by COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) since December, 2019. This study aimed to assess the population mental health burden during the epidemic, and to explore the potential influence factors. Methods: Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 7,236 self-selected volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related knowledge, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression (CES-D), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Logistic regressions were used to identify influence factors associated with mental health problem. Results: Of the total sample analyzed, the overall prevalence of GAD, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively. Young people reported a higher prevalence of GAD and depressive symptoms than older people (P<0.001). Compared with other occupational group, healthcare workers have the highest rate of poor sleep quality (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (< 35 years) and times to focus on the COVID-19 ([≥] 3 hours per day) were associated with GAD, and healthcare workers were associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusions: Our study identified a major mental health burden of the public during COVID-19 epidemic in China. Young people, people who spent too much time on the epidemic, and healthcare workers were at high risk for mental illness. Continuous surveillance and monitoring of the psychological consequences for outbreaks should become routine as part of preparedness efforts worldwide.","Huang, Y.; Zhao, N.","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.19.20025395v1?rss=1""",20200223,NA,"medRxiv",""
"14","Congress pumps up NSF program to fast-track COVID-19 research","Roxane Silver studies the health effects of traumatic life events. So it was a no-brainer for the social psychologist at the University of California, Irvine, to ask the National Science Foundation (NSF) to fund a study of how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic would affect the well-being of Americans.","Starr, Douglas","",2020," Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"15","Epidemiology and clinical course of viral respiratory infections in children aged 0-5 years","Viral respiratory tract infections are a major cause of outpatient and hospital admissions among young children. The aim of the study was to describe the incidence and the course of viral respiratory infections in children aged 0-5 years. Material and methods. The total number of 114 children was included into the study. All patients presented influenza-like symptoms and were examined for the presence of 12 viruses. Nosopharyngeal swabs were tested with RT-PCR method for: influenza A virus, influenza B virus, parainfluenza 1, parainfluenza 2, parainfluenza 3 virus, rhinovirus, metapneumovirus, adenowirus, RSV A, RSV B virus and two coronaviruses: OC43 and 229E/NL63. Results. The viral etiology of respiratory tract infection was confirmed in 72 children (62%), in 62 (54%) patients the disease was caused by a single etiological agent, while in 9 (8%) patients there were viral coinfections. The most often found viruses were influenza A and B viruses (35 patients, 30%), and RSV infections (27 patients, 24%). Conclusions. Since influenza viruses are the most common etiological agents of respiratory tract infections in young children, it is strongly recommended to increase the influenza vaccine coverage rates among children younger than 5 years, as the vaccination is the most effective tool in the prevention of the disease.Copyright © 2016 Medpress. All rights reserved.","Nitsch-Osuch, A.; Gyrczuk, E.; Topczewska-Cabanek, A.; Kanecki, K.; Brydak, L.","",2016,"","WHO",""
"16","Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic","Neil Greenberg and colleagues set out measures that healthcare managers need to put in place to protect the mental health of healthcare staff having to make morally challenging decisions The covid-19 pandemic is likely to put healthcare professionals across the world in an unprecedented situation, having to make impossible decisions and work under extreme pressures. These decisions may include how to allocate scant resources to equally needy patients, how to balance their own physical and mental healthcare needs with those of patients, how to align their desire and duty to patients with those to family and friends, and how to provide care for all severely unwell patients with constrained or inadequate resources. This may cause some to experience moral injury or mental health problems. Moral injury, a term that originated in the military, can be defined as the psychological distress that results from actions, or the lack of them, which violate someones moral or ethical code.1 Unlike formal mental health conditions such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder, moral injury is not a mental illness. But those who develop moral injuries are likely to experience negative thoughts about themselves or others (for example, I am a terrible person or My bosses dont care about peoples lives) as well as intense feelings of shame, guilt, or disgust. These symptoms can contribute to the development of mental health difficulties, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and even suicidal ideation.2 Equally, some people who have to contend with significant challenges, moral or traumatic, experience a degree of post-traumatic growth,3 a term used to describe a bolstering of psychological resilience, esteem, outlook, and values after exposure to highly challenging situations. Whether someone develops a psychological injury or experiences psychological growth is likely to be influenced by the way that they are supported
","Greenberg, Neil; Docherty, Mary; Gnanapragasam, Sam; Wessely, Simon","10.1136/bmj.m1211",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"17","[Perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2nd Edition)]","Since late December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread to all parts of the country and overseas, and the outbreak continues. At the end of January 2020, the Working Group for the Prevention and Control of Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Perinatal Period of the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics worked out the perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection (1st Edition). This plan has been verified by clinical practice for 3 weeks. With the further understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection cases in pregnant women and neonates, it is necessary to update the first edition of the management plan so as to offer a better guide on clinical practice. Therefore, the Working Group has worked out the second edition of the management plan.","","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"18","What protects? Fear of coronavirus infections moves hygienic measures to the fore","","Kramer, A.","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"19","Could Intravenous Immunoglobulin Collected from Recovered Coronavirus Patients Protect against COVID-19 and Strengthen the Immune System of New Patients?","The emergence of the novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, which causes severe respiratory tract infections in humans (COVID-19), has become a global health concern. Most coronaviruses infect animals but can evolve into strains that cross the species barrier and infect humans. At the present, there is no single specific vaccine or efficient antiviral therapy against COVID-19. Recently, we showed that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment reduces inflammation of intestinal epithelial cells and eliminates overgrowth of the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans in the murine gut. Immunotherapy with IVIg could be employed to neutralize COVID-19. However, the efficacy of IVIg would be better if the immune IgG antibodies were collected from patients who have recovered from COVID-19 in the same city, or the surrounding area, in order to increase the chance of neutralizing the virus. These immune IgG antibodies will be specific against COVID-19 by boosting the immune response in newly infected patients. Different procedures may be used to remove or inactivate any possible pathogens from the plasma of recovered coronavirus patient derived immune IgG, including solvent/detergent, 60 °C heat-treatment, and nanofiltration. Overall, immunotherapy with immune IgG antibodies combined with antiviral drugs may be an alternative treatment against COVID-19 until stronger options such as vaccines are available.","Jawhara, Samir","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"20","Structural Genomics of SARS-CoV-2 Indicates Evolutionary Conserved Functional Regions of Viral Proteins","During its first two and a half months, the recently emerged 2019 novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has already infected over one-hundred thousand people worldwide and has taken more than four thousand lives. However, the swiftly spreading virus also caused an unprecedentedly rapid response from the research community facing the unknown health challenge of potentially enormous proportions. Unfortunately, the experimental research to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the viral infection and to design a vaccine or antivirals is costly and takes months to develop. To expedite the advancement of our knowledge, we leveraged data about the related coronaviruses that is readily available in public databases and integrated these data into a single computational pipeline. As a result, we provide comprehensive structural genomics and interactomics roadmaps of SARS-CoV-2 and use this information to infer the possible functional differences and similarities with the related SARS coronavirus. All data are made publicly available to the research community","Srinivasan, Suhas; Cui, Hongzhu; Gao, Ziyang; Liu, Ming; Lu, Senbao; Mkandawire, Winnie; Narykov, Oleksandr; Sun, Mo; Korkin, Dmitry","",2020,"Virology, immunology","WHO",""
"21","Title: The Emergency Medicine Facing the Challenge of Open Science","(1) Background: The availability of research datasets can strengthen and facilitate research processes. This is specifically relevant in the emergency medicine field due to the importance of providing immediate care in critical situations as the very current Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic is showing to the scientific community. This work aims to show which Emergency Medicine journals indexed in Journal Citation Reports (JCR) currently meet data sharing criteria. (2) Methods: This study analyzes the editorial policies regarding the data deposit of the journals in the emergency medicine category of the JCR and evaluates the Supplementary material of the articles published in these journals that have been deposited in the PubMed Central repository. (3) Results: It has been observed that 19 out of the 24 journals contained in the emergency medicine category of Journal Citation Reports are also located in PubMed Central (PMC), yielding a total of 5983 articles. Out of these, only 9.4% of the articles contain supplemental material. Although second quartile journals of JCR emergency medicine category have quantitatively more articles in PMC, the main journals involved in the deposit of supplemental material belong to the first quartile, of which the most used format in the articles is pdf, followed by text documents. (4) Conclusion: This study reveals that data sharing remains an incipient practice in the emergency medicine field, as there are still barriers between researchers to participate in data sharing. Therefore, it is necessary to promote dynamics to improve this practice both qualitatively (the quality and format of datasets) and quantitatively (the quantity of datasets in absolute terms) in research.","Sixto-Costoya, Andrea; Aleixandre-Benavent, Rafael; Lucas-Domínguez, Rut; Vidal-Infer, Antonio","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"22","Coronavirus: Dr. Li Wenliang, whistleblower, hero and martyr","","Nau, J. Y.","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"23","Novel 2019 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): An updated overview for emergency clinicians","The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has quickly become a worldwide threat to health, travel, and commerce. This overview analyzes the best information from the early research, including epidemiologic and demographic features from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV viruses; lessons learned from the experience of an emergency physician in Northern Italy, where the outbreak has devastated the healthcare system; evidence on transmission and prevention through safe use of PPE; evidence and advice on SARS-CoV-2 testing and co-infection; management options; airway management options; steps for rapid sequence intubation in the ED and managing disaster ventilation; and information on managing pediatric and pregnant patients.","Giwa, A. L.; Desai, A.; Duca, A.","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"24","[Clinical features and chest CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 in infants and young children]","OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features and chest CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in infants and young children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data and chest CT images of 9 children, aged 0 to 3 years, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 by nucleic acid detection between January 20 and February 10, 2020. RESULTS: All 9 children had an epidemiological history, and family clustering was observed for all infected children. Among the 9 children with COVID-19, 5 had no symptoms, 4 had fever, 2 had cough, and 1 had rhinorrhea. There were only symptoms of the respiratory system. Laboratory examination showed no reductions in leukocyte or lymphocyte count. Among the 9 children, 6 had an increase in lymphocyte count and 2 had an increase in leukocyte count. CT examination showed that among the 9 children, 8 had pulmonary inflammation located below the pleura or near the interlobar fissure and 3 had lesions distributed along the bronchovascular bundles. As for the morphology of the lesions, 6 had nodular lesions and 7 had patchy lesions; ground glass opacity with consolidation was observed in 6 children, among whom 3 had halo sign, and there was no typical paving stone sign. CONCLUSIONS: Infants and young children with COVID-19 tend to have mild clinical symptoms and imaging findings not as typical as those of adults, and therefore, the diagnosis of COVID-19 should be made based on imaging findings along with epidemiological history and nucleic acid detection. Chest CT has guiding significance for the early diagnosis of asymptomatic children.","Zhou, Y.; Yang, G. D.; Feng, K.; Huang, H.; Yun, Y. X.; Mou, X. Y.; Wang, L. F.","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"25","Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Early Safety Signals Around Ibuprofen and Renin-Angiotensin Inhibitors | Coronavirus (COVID19) | JN Learning | AMA Ed Hub","Emerging information about how SARS-CoV-2 virus infects cells has led to speculation that NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may worsen clinical disease. Infectious disease physician Carlos del Rio, MD, of Emory University explains the concerns and their clinical implications.","JAMA","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"26","Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Infectious Diseases Related to Travel of Community Pharmacists in Italy","Pharmacists should be educated about travel medicine, since they could influence their own choices and those of the individuals they encounter. This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards infectious diseases related to travel among community pharmacists in Italy. The data was collected from September 2018 to September 2019 using semi-structured telephone interviews. Only 1.8% answered correctly to all seven questions regarding the infectious diseases related to travel. Community pharmacists who had heard about travel medicine and those who had received information were more likely to have good knowledge. More than two-thirds of the respondents believed that it is important to provide information to the public about travel medicine. Pharmacists who worked a higher number of hours per week, were more knowledgeable about the more frequent infectious diseases related to travel, believed that travel medicine was a pharmacist competency, believed that they could give advice to the public, and had received information from scientific journals and educational activities were more likely to have this positive attitude. More than two-thirds often/always informed the public about the importance of having travel health center counseling. Pharmacists who had heard about travel medicine and those who believed that they could give advice to the public were more likely to inform. Interventions are needed to improve knowledge in order that community pharmacists can play an active role in counseling the public.","Della Polla, Giorgia; Pelullo, Concetta Paola; Napolitano, Francesco; Lambiase, Chiara; De Simone, Caterina; Angelillo, Italo Francesco","",2020," Comparative study, RCT; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"27","[Emergency plan for inter-hospital transfer of newborns with SARS-CoV-2 infection]","Since December 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become the most serious public health issue. As the special population with immature immune function, newborns with COVID-19 have been reported. Newborns with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should be transferred to designated hospitals for isolation treatment. An emergency transfer response plan for newborns with COVID-19 has been worked out. This plan puts forward the indications for neonatal COVID-19 transfer, organization management, protection strategies for medical staff, work procedures, and disinfection methods for transfer equipment, in order to provide guidance and suggestions for the inter-hospital transfer of suspected or confirmed neonatal COVID-19.","Chen, Z.; Du, L. Z.; Fu, J. F.; Shu, Q.; Chen, Z. M.; Shi, L. P.; Wang, W.; Chen, S. H.; Ma, X. L.; Ye, S.; Sun, W.; Chen, M. Y.; Zhu, H. H.; Huang, G. L.; Luo, F. X.","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"28","[Response plan in the neonatal intensive care unit during epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2nd Edition)]","Since December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread from China to other countries. In order to effectively respond to possible neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, neonatologists from the Medical Association of Chinese People's Liberation Army and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics proposed the response plan in the neonatal intensive care unit during epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection (1st edition) at the end of January of 2020. Based on the further knowledge and experience on SARS-CoV-2 infection, the neonatologists updated the plan according to the current evidence, so as to provide a better guide for clinical medical staff to deal with the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the NICU.","","",2020,"","WHO",""
"29","Consideration of the respiratory support strategy of severe acute respiratory failure caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in children","The recent ongoing outbreak of severe pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), currently of unknown origin, creates a world emergency that has put global public health institutions on high alert. At present there is limited clinical information of the SARS-CoV-2 and there is no specific treatment recommended, although technical guidances and suggestions have been developed and will continue to be updated as additional information becomes available. Preventive treatment has an important role to control and avoid the spread of severe respiratory disease, but often is difficult to obtain and sometimes cannot be effective to reduce the risk of deterioration of the underlining lung pathology. In order to define an effective and safe treatment for SARS-CoV-2-associated disease, we provide considerations on the actual treatments, on how to avoid complications and the undesirable side effects related to them and to select and apply earlier the most appropriate treatment. Approaching to treat severe respiratory disease in infants and children, the risks related to the development of atelectasis starting invasive or non-invasive ventilation support and the risk of oxygen toxicity must be taken into serious consideration. For an appropriate and effective approach to treat severe pediatric respiratory diseases, two main different strategies can be proposed according to the stage and severity of the patient conditions: patient in the initial phase and with non-severe lung pathology and patient with severe initial respiratory impairment and/or with delay in arrival to observation. The final outcome is strictly connected with the ability to apply an appropriate treatment early and to reduce all the complications that can arise during the intensive care admission.","Marraro, G. A.; Spada, C.","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"30","[Anesthesia management in cesarean section for a patient with coronavirus disease 2019]","Since the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the cardio-pulmonary function of pregnant women, the anesthetic management in the cesarean section for the patients, as well as the protection for medical staff is significantly different from that in ordinary surgical operation. This paper reports a pregnant woman with COVID-19, for whom a cesarean section was successfully performed in our hospital on February 8, 2020. Anesthetic management, protection of medical staff and psychological intervention for the patients during the operation are discussed. Importance should be attached to the preoperative evaluation of pregnant women with COVID-19 and the implementation of anesthesia plan. For ordinary COVID-19 patients intraspinal anesthesia is preferred in cesarean section, and the influence on respiration and circulation in both maternal and infant should be reduced; while for severe or critically ill patients general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation should be adopted. The safety of medical environment should be ensured, and level- standard protection should be taken for anesthetists. Special attention and support should be given to maternal psychology. It is important to give full explanation before operation to reduce anxiety; to relieve the discomfort during operation to reduce tension; to avoid the bad mood of patients due to pain after operation.","Kang, X.; Zhang, R.; He, H.; Yao, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Wen, X.; Zhu, S.","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"31","Protocolo laboratorial para a coleta, acondicionamento e transporte de amostras biológicas para investigação de covid-19","","São Paulo Secretaria da Saúde. Instituto Adolfo, Lutz","",2020,"Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"32","Novo coronavirus (2019nCov): assistência domiciliar a pacientes suspeitos ou confirmados e contatos","","São Paulo Secretaria da, Saúde","",2020,"Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"33","Recomendações sobre o uso de máscaras: na comunidade, durante o atendimento domiciliar e em serviços de saúde no contexto do surto do novo coronavírus (2019-nCoV)","","São Paulo Secretaria da, Saúde","",2020," Normative guidance; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"34","Novel 2019 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): An Updated Overview for Emergency Clinicians","The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has quickly become a worldwide threat to health, travel, and commerce. This overview analyzes the best information from the early research, including epidemiologic and demographic features from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV viruses; lessons learned from the experience of an emergency physician in Northern Italy, where the outbreak has devastated the healthcare system; evidence on transmission and prevention through safe use of PPE; evidence and advice on SARS-CoV-2 testing and co-infection; management options; airway management options; steps for rapid sequence intubation in the ED and managing disaster ventilation; and information on managing pediatric and pregnant patients.","Giwa, A. L.; Desai, A.; Duca, A.","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"35","Coronavirus: Stay proactive","","Gardier, S.; Petignat, D. C.","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"36","Is There an Association Between COVID-19 Mortality and the Renin-Angiotensin Systema Call for Epidemiologic Investigations | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic","Mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. These disorders share underlying pathophysiology related to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that may be clinically insightful. In particular, activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is dysregulated in cardiovascular disease, and this enzyme is used by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to initiate the infection. Cardiovascular disease and pharmacologic RAS inhibition both increase ACE2 levels, which may increase the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 within the lung and heart. Conversely, mechanistic evidence from related coronaviruses suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may downregulate ACE2, leading to toxic overaccumulation of Angiotensin II that induces acute respiratory distress syndrome and fulminant myocarditis. RAS inhibition could mitigate this effect. With conflicting mechanistic evidence, we propose key clinical research priorities necessary to clarify the role of RAS inhibition in COVID-19 mortality that could be rapidly addressed by the international research community.","Thomas C Hanff, M. D. M. P. H. Michael O. Harhay Ph D. M. P. H. Tyler S. Brown M. D. Jordana B. Cohen M. D. M. S. C. E. Amir M. Mohareb M. D.","",2020," Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"37","COVID-19: the new challenge for rheumatologists","","Ferro, F.; Elefante, E.; Baldini, C.; Bartoloni, E.; Puxeddu, I.; Talarico, R.; Mosca, M.; Bombardieri, S.","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"38","Public Mental Health Crisis during COVID-19 Pandemic, China","The 2019 novel coronavirus disease emerged in China in late 2019-early 2020 and spread rapidly. China has been implementing emergency psychological crisis interventions to reduce the negative psychosocial impact on public mental health, but challenges exist. Public mental health interventions should be formally integrated into public health preparedness and emergency response plans.","Dong, L.; Bouey, J.","10.3201/eid2607.200407",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"39","Plano de Contingência Estadual para Infecção Humana pelo novo Coronavírus 2019-nCoV","A infecção humana pelo novo Coronavírus (2019-nCoV) considerada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) como Emergência de Saúde Pública de Importância Internacional (ESPII), foi declarada pelo Ministério da Saúde, por meio da Portaria nº 188, de 03/02/2020, Emergência em Saúde Pública de importância Nacional (ESPIN). O Ministério instalou o Centro de Operações de Emergências em Saúde Pública (COEnCoV), como mecanismo nacional da gestão coordenada da resposta à emergência em âmbito nacional, e a SESAU instituiu o Grupo Técnico Operacional de Emergência para Vigilância do Coronavírus GT-nCoV, por meio da Portaria do Secretário de Estado da Saúde, nº 1.009, de 5/2/2020. Um dos principais compromissos do GT é a elaboração, revisão periódica e monitoramento deste Plano, considerando que ainda há importante grau de incerteza em relação a esse cenário, tendo em conta que o espectro clínico ainda não está descrito completamente, não há certezas quanto ao padrão de letalidade, mortalidade, infectividade e transmissibilidade e não há vacina ou medicamento específico disponível. Este Plano está organizado em duas partes. Na primeira apresentam-se conceitos e definições pautadas nas diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde, disseminadas em boletins e protocolos, constantemente revistos em função das mudanças de cenário do 2019-nCoV. Na segunda parte tem-se uma síntese das fases do Plano em Alagoas e o detalhamento das responsabilidades dos envolvidos no enfrentamento de uma possível ESPIN.","Alagoas . Secretaria de Estado da, Saúde","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"40","Plano de Contingência e Ação Estadual do Acre para Infecção Humana pelo novo Coronavírus (2019-nCoV)","Diante da Emergência em Saúde Pública declarada pela Organização Mundial da saúde na data de 30 de janeiro do ano corrente, por doença respiratória causada pelo agente novo coronavírus (2019-nCoV), conforme casos detectados na China e considerando-se as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), a Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Acre atribuiu ao CIEV e Área técnica de Influenza o monitoramento da situação do Coronavírus. Este documento apresenta o Plano de Contingência Estadual, o qual está em consonância com o Plano de Contingência Nacional para Infecção Humana pelo novo Coronavírus (2019-nCoV) em caso de surto define o nível de resposta e a estrutura de comando correspondente a ser configurada, em cada esfera e nível de complexidade. A estruturação da resposta em três níveis é geralmente usada em planos de preparação e resposta em todo o mundo. Deste modo, seguimos a recomendação do Ministério da Saúde. Toda medida deve ser proporcional e restrita aos riscos.","Acre . Secretaria de Estado da, Saúde","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"41","Fitting and forecasting the trend of COVID-19 by SEIR<sup>+ CAQ</sup> dynamic model","Objectives;Fitting and forecasting the trend of COVID-19 epidemics.;;Methods;Based on SEIR dynamic model, considering the COVID-19 transmission mechanism, infection spectrum and prevention and control procedures, we developed SEIR<sup>+ CAQ</sup> dynamic model to fit the frequencies of laboratory confirmed cases obtained from the government official websites. The data from January 20, 2020 to February 7, 2020 were used to fit the model, while the left data between February 8-12 were used to evaluate the quality of forecasting.;;Results;According to the cumulative number of confirmed cases between January 29 to February 7, the fitting bias of SEIR<sup>+ CAQ</sup> model for overall China (except for cases of Hubei province), Hubei province (except for cases of Wuhan city) and Wuhan city was less than 5%. For the data of subsequent 5 days between February 8 to 12, which were not included in the model fitting, the prediction biases were less than 10%. Regardless of the cases diagnosed by clinical examines, the numbers of daily emerging cases of China (Hubei province not included), Hubei Province (Wuhan city not included) and Wuhan city reached the peak in the early February. Under the current strength of prevention and control, the total number of laboratory- confirmed cases in overall China will reach 80 417 till February 29, 2020, respectively.;;Conclusions;The proposed SEIR<sup>+ CAQ</sup> dynamic model fits and forecasts the trend of novel coronavirus pneumonia well and provides evidence for decision making. ;","WEI, Yongyue; LU, Zhenzhen; DU, Zhicheng; ZHANG, Zhijie; ZHAO, Yang; SHEN, Sipeng; WANG, Bo; HAO, Yuantao; CHEN, Feng","",2020,"Epidemiology","WHO",""
"42","Early antiviral therapy of abidor combined with lopinavir/ritonavir and re-combinant interferonα-2b in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Zhejiang: A multicenter and prospective study","Comparing the benefit of Abidor, lopinavir/ritonavir and recombinant interferon α-2b triple combination antiviral therapy and lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon dual combination antiviral therapy to hospitalized novel coronavirus pneumonia 2019 in Zhejiang province.;;Methods;A multi-center prospective study was carried out to compare the effect of triple combination antiviral therapy with dual combination antiviral therapy in 15 medical institutions of Zhejiang Province. All patients were treated with recombinant interferon α-2b (5 million U, 2 times/d) aerosol inhalation. 196 patients were treated with abidol (200 mg, 3 times/d) + lopinavir / ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) as the triple combination antiviral treatment group. 41 patients were treated with lopinavir / ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) as the dual combination antiviral treatment group. The patients who received triple combination antiviral therapy were divided into three groups: within 48 hours, 3-5 days and > 5 days after the symptom onset. To explore the therapeutic effects of triple combination antiviral drugs and dual combination antiviral drugs, as well as triple combination antiviral drugs with different antiviral initiate time. SPSS17.0 software was used to analyze the data.;;Results;The time of virus nucleic acid turning negative was (12.2 ± 4.7) days in the triple combination antiviral drug group, which was shorter than that in the dual combination antiviral drug group [(15.0 ± 5.0) days] (<italic>t</italic> = 6.159, <italic>P</italic> < 0.01 ). The length of hospital stay [12 (9, 17) d] in the triple combination antiviral drug group was also shorter than that in the dual combination antiviral drug group [15 (10, 18) d] (H = 2.073, P < 0.05). Comparing the antiviral treatment which was started within 48 hours, 3-5 days and > 5 days after the symptom onset of triple combination antiviral drug group, the time from the symptom onset to the negative of viral shedding was 13 (10,16.8), 17 (13,22) and 21 (18-24) days respectively (Z = 32.983, P < 0.01), and the time from antiviral therapy to the negative of viral shedding was (11.8±3.9) , (13.5±5.1) and (11.2±4.3) d. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant (Z=32.983 and 6.722, <italic>P</italic><0.01 or<0.05).;;Conclusions;The triple combination antiviral therapy of Abidor, Lopinavir/Litonavir and recombinant interferon α-2b showed shorter viral shedding time and hospitalization time compared with the dual combination antiviral therapy. The earlier the time to initiate triple antiviral treatment, the shorter the time of virus shedding. ;","WEI, Runan; ZHENG, Nanhong; JIANG, Xiangao; MA, Chunlian; XU, Xiaowei; LIU, Shourong; CHEN, Yongping; XU, Kaijin; GAO, Hainv; ZHU, Jiansheng; SHU, Qiang; SHENG, Jifang; ZHANG, Xiaoqiang; LI, Minghui; ZHANG, Yan; MA, Mengjie; ZHANG, Xuan; LI, Shibo; WANG, Qiujing; YING, Lingjun; ZHANG, Yongjun; SHI, Yunzhen; FAN, Lingyan; YU, Wanjun; WANG, Huaying; SUN, Dandan; WANG, Xiaodong; SHI, Jichan; CHEN, Yinghu; XIE, Xinsheng; CHEN, Yunqing; WANG, Weihong; TONG, Zhaowei; TANG, Lingling; ZHU, Mengfei; ZHANG, Lingjian; LI, Lanjuan","",2020," Comparative study, RCT; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"43","Epidemiological and clinical characteristics analysis of 30 childhood cases with 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Shenzhen","Objectives;To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in Shenzhen.;;Methods;The data of 30 children diagnosed with 2019-nCoV infection in the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen from 16th January 2020 to 9th February 2020were collected.;;Results;Among the 30 children, 14 were boys and 16 were girls. There were 10 mild cases, 13 common cases and one severe case, and six cases with asymptomatic infection. The age ranged from 7 months to 18 years old with the median age of 7 years old. Twenty out of 30 cases (66.7%) were school children. The common clinical characteristics were fever (30.0%, 9/30) and cough (23.3%, 7/30). The body temperature waved below 37.5 ℃. Mostly the auscultations of the lungs were no rales and there was no extrapulmonary complication. A total number of one case had wheezes and hypoxia, and one case had diarrhea and vomiting. There was no critical and death case. There were 29 cases with travelling experience in Hubei province within two weeks, and 24 cases (80.0%) had relatives (parents or grandparents) diagnosed with 2019-nCoV infection. Elevated white blood cell counts (﹥12×10<sup>9</sup>/L), C reaction protein level, lactate dehydrogenase level and the low proportion of T help cells occurred in three, five, five and three cases, respectively. Some cases were coinfected with human respiratory syncytial virus, mycoplasma pneumonia, human herpesvirus, influenza B virus and rubella virus. The predominant pattern of computed tomography findings of childhood patients with 2019-nCoV infection presented with patchy film and ground-glass opacities in bilateral or unilateral lung. The median time for nucleic acid to turn negative was eight days among the enrolled cases. All the cases were cured and discharged home, and the days in hospital waved from 5 - 16 days (the median time was 12 days).;;Conclusions;The majority of the childhood cases are the school-age children with family cluster. Most cases present mild and common symptoms with good prognosis. Some patients may be complicated with multiple infections. ;","WANG, Yanrong; WANG, Xianfeng; YANG, Yang; LIU, Yingxia; LIU, Lei","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"44","Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 34 children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Shenzhen","To describe the characteristics of clinical manifestations and epidemiology of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection.;;Methods;All 34 children with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR through nasopharyngeal swab specimens were admitted to the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen from January 19 to Febuary 7, 2020. Clinical data and epidemiological history of these patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed.;;Results;Among the 34 cases, 14 were males, and 20 were females. The median age was 8 years and 11 months. No patients had underlying diseases. There were 28 children (82%) related with a family cluster outbreak. There were 26 children (76%) with a travel or residence history in Hubei Province. These patients could be categorized into different clinical types, including 22 (65%) common cases, 9 (26%) mild cases and 3 (8.8%) asymptomatic cases. No severe or critical cases were identified. The most common symptoms were fever (17 cases, 50%) and cough (13 cases, 38% ). In the 34 cases, the white blood cell counts of 28 cases (82%) were normal. Five cases had white blood cell counts more than 10×10<sup>9</sup>/L. One case had white blood cell counts less than 4×10<sup>9</sup>/L. Neutropenia and lymphopenia was found in one case, respectively. C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates were elevated in 1 and 5 case, respectively. Elevated procalcitonin was found in 1 case and D-Dimer in 3 cases. The levels of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were more than 400 U/L in 10 cases. The CT images of these patients showed bilateral multiple patchy or nodular ground-glass opacities and/or infiltrating shadows in middle and outer zone of the lung or under the pleura. Twenty patients were treated with lopinavir and ritonavir. Glucocorticoids and immunoglobulin were not used in any cases. All the cases improved and were discharged from hospital. Further following up was need.;;Conclusions;The clinical manifestations in children with 2019-nCoV infection are non-specific and are milder than that in adults. Chest CT scanning is heplful for early diagnosis. Children&apos;s infection is mainly caused by family cluster outbreak and imported cases. Family daily prevention is the main way to prevent 2019-nCoV infection. ;","WANG, Xianfeng; YUAN, Jing; ZHENG, Yuejie; CHEN, Jun; BAO, Yanmin; WANG, Yanrong; WANG, Lifei; LI, Hong; ZENG, Jiaxing; ZHANG, Yonghong; LIU, Yingxia; LIU, Lei","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"45","Procedures of health protection and control for COVID-19 during X-ray imaging examinations in Jiangsu province","X-ray imaging is an important method for the diagnosis of corona virus disease(COVID-19), but there is a risk of nosocomial infection during X-ray imaging diagnosis. By analyzing the process of X-ray imaging diagnosis and the possible infection factors in hospital, Jiangsu province took the lead in issuing the Guideline for the nosocomial infection prevention and control of X-ray imaging diagnosis of COVID-19. This guideline clarifies the basic requirements for controlling infections during X-ray imaging diagnosis, the specific measures for staff protection, disinfection of personnel and places, and the protection and disinfection of subjects, which is instructive for field work. It is worth noting that while focusing on controlling infections, the principle of optimal protection for medical exposure cannot be ignored.","WANG, Jin; ZHU, Baoli; YANG, Chunyong; CHEN, Wei; MA, Jiayi; YU, Ningle","",2020,"Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"46","Analysis of clinical features of 153 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Chongqing","To analyze the clinical data of 153 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in chongqing ,and provide reference and thinking for the diagnosis and treatment.;;Methods;Analyze the clinical data, laboratory examination and chest imaging characteristics of 153 COVID-19 patients in Chongqing Public Health Medical Center from January 26 to February 5, 2020. According to the relevant diagnostic criteria ,patients were divided into non-severe group(n=132) and severe group(n=21),and analyze the correlation between serum index changes and disease severity.;;Results;Combined with diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, the severity of the disease was statistically significant (<italic>χ<sup>2</sup></italic>=11.04和6.94, <italic>P</italic><0.05). No symptoms were found in patients with mild illness (<italic>χ<sup>2</sup></italic>=4.09, <italic>P</italic><0.05) .The proportion of fever and muscle soreness in the severe group was higher than that in the non-severe group (<italic>χ<sup>2</sup></italic>=4.40 and 22.67,<italic>P</italic><0.05).Among the concomitant symptoms, the proportion of cough and shortness of breath in the severe group was higher than that in the non-severe group (<italic>χ<sup>2</sup></italic>=8.46 and 4.80,<italic>P</italic><0.05).C-reactive protein and d-dimer were higher in the severe group than in the non-severe group (<italic>t</italic>=43.44 and 37.13, <italic>P</italic><0.05), and the number of CD<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>T lymphocyte cells, CD<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>T lymphocyte cells and CD<sub>8</sub><sup>+</sup>T lymphocyte cells in the severe group was lower than that in the non-severe group (Z=27.25, 20.60 and 17.36, <italic>P</italic><0.05).Compared with the non-severe group, both lungs and the right lung lower lobe were more susceptible to involved (<italic>χ<sup>2</sup></italic>=6.95和20.39, <italic>P</italic><0.05) .;;Conclusion;Severity of COVID-19 was associated with underlying disease, symptoms, site of involvement, C-reactive protein, d-dimer, CD<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>T lymphocyte count, CD<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>T lymphocyte count, and CD<sub>8</sub><sup>+</sup>T lymphocyte count. ;","WAN, Qiu; SHI, Anqi; HE, Ting; TANG, Lixin","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"47","Analysis on epidemic situation and spatiotemporal changes of COVID-19 in Anhui","We used the epidemic data of COVID-19 published on the official website of the municipal health commission in Anhui province. We mapped the spatiotemporal changes of confirmed cases, fitted the epidemic situation by the population growth curve at different stages and took statistical description and analysis of the epidemic situation in Anhui province. It was found that the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 156/100 000 by February 18, 2020 and the trend of COVID-19 epidemic declined after February 7, changing from J curve to S curve. The actual number of new cases began to decrease from February 2 to February 4 due to the time of case report and actual onset delayed by 3 to 5 days.","LIU, Meng; XU, Honglv; YUAN, Min; LIU, Zhirong; WU, Xiaoyan; ZHANG, Yi; MA, Liya; GONG, Lei; GAN, Hong; ZONG, Qiao; TAO, Shuman; LIU, Wenwen; DU, Yanan; TAO, Fangbiao","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"48","A survey on awareness of digestive system injury caused by corona virus disease 2019 in gastroenterologists","To investigate awareness of digestive system injury caused by corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in gastroenterologists.;;Methods;From February 21 to 23 in 2020, the electronic questionnaire was sent out to explore the condition of the basic knowledge of COVID-19 and knowledge of digestive system injury caused by COVID-19 grasped by gastroenterologists. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.;;Results;A total of 2 216 gastroenterologists from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities nationwide completed the survey. 99.7% (2 209/2 216) of gastroenterologists stated that they had read the COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment guidelines. The percentage of physicians who well knew the diagnostic criteria of suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 was 34.9% (774/2 216) and 39.4% (874/2 216), respectively. The percentage of physician who gave the right answer of COVID-19 detectable methods and lung imaging was 68.4% (1 516/2 216) and 71.6% (1 586/2 216), respectively. The percentage of correct answer of digestive system injury caused by COVID-19 in residents, attending physicians, associate chief physicians and chief physicians was 30.9% (134/433), 33.9% (234/691), 32.4% (213/657) and 34.9% (152/435), respectively, however there were no statistically significant differences among physicians of different level (χ<sup>2</sup>=6.60, <italic>P</italic>> 0.05). 95.6% (2 119/2 216) of gastroenterologists believed that probiotics could effectively improve bowel function, and 94.0% (2 082/2 216) of gastroenterologists considered that enteral nutrition support could improve patients’ prognosis.;;Conclusions;The knowledge and dynamic progress of the digestive system injury caused of COVID-19 are still insufficiently grasped by gastroenterologists in China. So it is necessary to carry out systematic and pertinent training for them. ;","LIU, Hui; WANG, Bin; LIU, Kaijun; WEN, Liangzhi; WANG, Xingwei; LI, Qin; ZHANG, Huiru; CHEN, Dongfeng; WEI, Yanling; CUI, Hongli; ZHANG, Yanmei","",2020," Case study/series; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"49","The Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Epidemic","","Hsu, Li Yang; Chia, Po Ying; Lim, Jeremy Fy","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"50","Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic","","Ho, Cyrus Sh; Chee, Cornelia Yi; Ho, Roger Cm","",2020,"Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"51","Treatment of pancreatic diseases and prevention of infection during outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease","To explorethe proper protective measures for pancreaticdiseases treatment during theoutbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease(COVID-19).;;Method;Clinical data of four cases of patients that suffered COVID-19from February 2<sup>nd</sup>, 2020 to February 9<sup>th</sup>, 2020 in pancreatic surgery were reviewed.After the first patientscuffednosocomial infection of COVID-19, the general protective measures in our department wereupdated.Only one patient was admitted to each room alone, with no more than one caregiver.The body temperature of care givers was measuredtwice a day.Primary protections were applied to all staff.The floor was sterilized using disinfectant with an effective chlorine concentration of 1000 mg/L.The protective measures for interventional procedures were as follow.Primary protection was applied to the operators ofcentral venipuncture catheter, percutaneous abdominal/pleural drainage, percutaneous retroperitoneal drainage, percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage and other surgical procedures with local anesthesiaand epidural anesthesia.Secondary protection was applied to the operators of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and surgical procedures with general anesthesia.;;Results;During Feb 2<sup>nd</sup>, 2020 to Feb 9<sup>th</sup>, 2020, four patients in our department were diagnosed with COVID-19, of which one was died of COVID-19, two were cured, and one is still in hospital for COVID-19.After the update ofprotective measures in our department, no more nosocomial infection of COVID-19occurred.Two central venipuncture catheter, three percutaneous abdominal/pleural drainage, one percutaneous retroperitoneal drainage, one percuteneous transhepatic cholecyst drainage and one open surgery with general anesthesia were performed with no infection of operators.;;Conclusions;The caregivers of patients are potential infection source of COVID-19.Enhanced protective measures including the management measures of caregivers can decrease the risk of nosocomial infection of COVID-19. ;","GOU, Shanmiao; YIN, Tao; XIONG, Jiongxin; PENG, Tao; LI, Yao; WU, Heshui","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"52","Rapid Progression to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Review of Current Understanding of Critical Illness from COVID-19 Infection","The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that started in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019 has now extended across the globe with >100,000 cases and 3,000 deaths reported in 93 countries as of 7 March 2020. We report a case of COVID-19 infection in a 64-year-old man who developed rapidly worsening respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that required intubation. As the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranges widely from mild illness to ARDS with a high risk of mortality, there is a need for more research to identify early markers of disease severity. Current evidence suggests that patients with advanced age, pre-existing comorbidities or dyspnoea should be closely monitored, especially at 1-2 weeks after symptom onset. It remains to be seen if laboratory findings such as lymphopenia or elevated lactate dehydrogenase may serve as early surrogates for critical illness or markers of disease recovery. Management of ARDS in COVID-19 remains supportive while we await results of drug trials. More studies are needed to understand the incidence and outcomes of ARDS and critical illness from COVID-19, which will be important for critical care management and resource planning.","Goh, Ken J.; Choong, Mindy Cm; Cheong, Elizabeth Ht; Kalimuddin, Shirin; Duu Wen, Sewa; Phua, Ghee Chee; Chan, Kian Sing; Haja Mohideen, Salahudeen","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"53","[Not Available]","","Gardier, S.; Petignat, C.","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"54","Experience in prevention and control of COVID-19 in tramatological and microsurgical wards","To report our experience in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the tramatological and microsurgical wards.;;Methods;A retrospective study was conducted of the COVID-19 infections in the 51 medical staff and patients from 31 December, 2019 to 14 February, 2020 at Department of Traumatology and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital. The prevention and control measures were upgraded after 20 January, 2020 to address the serious epidemic situation, including preventive disinfection, terminal disinfection and personnel disinfection in wards, management of emergency patients, inpatients and patients suspected of COVID-19 infection, and training, management and psychological intervention of medical staff. The outcomes resulting from different prevention and control measures before and after 20 January, 2020 were compared.;;Results;From 31 December, 2019 to 20 January, 2020, there were altogether 3 cases of definite COVID-19 infection and 2 ones of suspected COVID-19 infection at the department. One doctor, one technician and one nurse were diagnosed as definite COVID-19 infection while one nurse and one patient as suspected COVID-19 infection. The 4 medical staff members infected were cured and discharged before 14 February, 2020 but unfortunately the one patient infected died. After the prevention and control measures for COVID-19 infection had been upgraded since 20 January, 2020, 12 out of the 29 emergency patients at our wards had fever (body temperature ≥37.3℃) but none COVID-19 infection. All the 47 medical staff on duty at the department got trained and none of them was infected by COVID-19 or suffered from mental disorder.;;Conclusion;In the epidemic of COVID-19, as our prevention and control measures for COVID-19 infection were adjusted and upgraded in response to the changing epidemic situation, they eliminated nosocomial infection scientifically and effectively and ensured life safety of the medical staff and patients at the department. ;","YANG, Fan; HU, Jing; HU, Lanping; LI, Zonghuan; YU, Aixi; ZHANG, Yingying","",2020," Comparative study, RCT; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"55","First Pediatric Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea","The large outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that started in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries worldwide. Current epidemiologic knowledge suggests that relatively few cases are seen among children, which limits opportunities to address pediatric specific issues on infection control and the children's contribution to viral spread in the community. Here, we report the first pediatric case of COVID-19 in Korea. The 10-year-old girl was a close contact of her uncle and her mother who were confirmed to have COVID-19. In this report, we present mild clinical course of her pneumonia that did not require antiviral treatment and serial viral test results from multiple specimens. Lastly, we raise concerns on the optimal strategy of self-quarantine and patient care in a negative isolation room for children.","PARK, Ji Young; HAN, Mi Seon; PARK, Kyoung Un; KIM, Ji Young; CHOI, Eun Hwa","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"56","Retrospective study of low-to-moderate dose glucocorticoids on viral clearance in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia","To study the effect of low-to-moderate dose glucocorticoid therapy on viral clearance time in patients with COVID-19.;;Methods;A total of 72 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from January 19 to February 17, 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University were recruited. All patients received oral abidol and/or combined lopinavir/ritonavir, darunavir antiviral, and symptomatic supportive care. Among them, 51 patients received methylprednisolone (0.75-1.50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>) (glucocorticoid treatment group), and 21 patients who did not use glucocorticoid were the control group. The time of stable virologic conversion insputumand the time of radiologic recovery in lungsince onset were compared between the two groups and among the normal patients.The Kruskal-Wallis test or Fisher exact test was used to compare the difference between groups.;;Results;The median ages of the glucocorticoid group and the control group were 52 [interquartile range (IQR):45, 62] years and 46 (IQR: 32, 56)years, and the differences were significant (<italic>P</italic><0.05). The clinical conditions at hospital admission were different between the two groups (<italic>P</italic><0.01). There were 52.0% critical ill patients in the glucocorticoid treatment group, compared to that of 71.4% normal patients in the control group. The median times from the onset tostable virologic conversion to negative in the two groups were 15 (IQR:13,20) days and 14 (IQR:12,20) days (<italic>P</italic>>0.05), and the difference was no statistically significant. The median times from onset to radiologic recovery were 13 (IQR: 11,15) days and 13 (IQR:12,17) days in the two groups, and there was no difference (<italic>P</italic>>0.05). In ordinary patients, the median timesfrom the onset tostable virologic conversion insputum were no difference (<italic>P</italic>>0.05), with 13 (IQR:11,18) days in the glucocorticoid group and 13 (IQR:12,15) days in the control group; The median times from onset to radiologic recovery in lungwere also no difference (<italic>P</italic>>0.05), with 12 (IQR: 10,15)days in the glucocorticoid group and 13 (IQR: 12,17) days inthe control group.;;Conclusions;Low-to-moderate glucocorticoid treatment has no effect on the time of virus clearance in patients with different clinical types of COVID-19. The glucocorticoid is not recommended since no effectiveness on accelerating the improvement of radiologic recovery in lung has been observed. ;","NI, Qin; DING, Cheng; LI, Yongtao; ZHAO, Hong; LIU, Jun; ZHANG, Xuan; CHEN, Yanfei; GUO, Yongzheng; YU, Liang; JU, Hongzhen; TAO, Jingjing; YI, Ping; LANG, Guanjing; SU, Junwei; SHI, Ding; WU, Wenrui; WU, Xiaoxin; YU, Ling; SHENG, Jifang; XU, Kaijin","",2020," Comparative study, RCT; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"57","[Not Available]","","Nau, J. Y.","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"58","Public Health Responses to COVID-19 Outbreaks on Cruise Ships Worldwide, FebruaryMarch 2020","What is already known about this topic? Cruise ships are often settings for outbreaks of infectious diseases because of their closed environment and contact between travelers from many countries. What is added by this report? More than 800 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases occurred during outbreaks on three cruise ship voyages, and cases linked to several additional cruises have been reported across the United States. Transmission occurred across multiple voyages from ship to ship by crew members; both crew members and passengers were affected; 10 deaths associated with cruise ships have been reported to date. What are the implications for public health practice? Outbreaks of COVID-19 on cruise ships pose a risk for rapid spread of disease beyond the voyage. Aggressive efforts are required to contain spread. All persons should defer all cruise travel worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic.","Moriarty LF, Plucinski MM, Marston BJ, et al., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","",2020," Narrative review; Epidemiology; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"59","[Not Available]","","Matter, M.","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"60","Recommendations for the regulation of medical practices of burn treatment during the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019","2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is one of the beta coronaviruses and was identified as the pathogen of the severe "coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)" in 2019. China has formally included the 2019-nCoV in the statutory notification and control system for infectious diseases according to the <italic>Law of the People&apos;s Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases</italic>. Currently, the national defending actions on the 2019-nCoV in China is in a critical period. Burn Department is also confronted with risk of infection by the 2019-nCoV. According to<italic> the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (6<sup>th</sup> trial edition)</italic>, the latest relative literature at home and abroad, the features of the COVID-19, recommendations for the COVID-19 prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission of China, and management experience of diagnosis and treatment in the related disciplines, we put forward recommendations for the medical practices of burn treatment during the outbreak of the COVID-19 in outpatient and emergency treatment, inpatient treatment, operation and ward management, etc. We hope these recommendations could benefit the professionals of the same occupation as us and related hospital managers, improve the treatment of burn during the outbreak of the COVID-19, and avoid or reduce the risk of infection of medical staff .","MA, Siyuan; YUAN, Zhiqiang; PENG, Yizhi; LUO, Qizhi; SONG, Huapei; XIANG, Fei; TAN, Jianglin; ZHOU, Junyi; LI, Ning; HU, Gaozhong; LUO, Gaoxing","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"61","Expert consensus on emergency surgery and infection prevention in traumatic pediatric orthopedics under the epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia","Novel coronavirus pneumonia infection, which is caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has been reported in Wuhan, Hubei province and spreads rapidly to the whole country since December 2019. The virus is generally susceptible and highly infectious to all the population including children and spreads through many ways, which brings great difficulties for the prevention and control of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Based on the needs of pediatric orthopaedic patients for emergency trauma surgery, the authors reviewed the latest novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosis and treatment strategy, the latest principles and evidence-based medicine in pediatric orthopaedics, and put forward this expert consensus. The expert consensus systematically standardized the clinical pathway and protective measures for emergency surgery on pediatric orthopaedic traumatic patients during COVID-19 epidemic, and provided the basis for the treatment of such kind of patients in clinical work, so as to provide effective reference for the emergency surgical treatment of pediatric orthopaedic trauma patients in all levels of hospitals.","","",2020," Narrative review; Normative guidance","WHO",""
"62","Potential false-positive rate among the 'asymptomatic infected individuals in close contacts of COVID-19 patients","As the prevention and control of COVID-19continues to advance, the active nucleic acid test screening in the close contacts of the patients has been carrying out in many parts of China. However, the false-positive rate of positive results in the screening has not been reported up to now. But to clearify the false-positive rate during screening is important in COVID-19 control and prevention.;;Methods;Point values and reasonable ranges of the indicators which impact the false-positive rate of positive results were estimated based on the information available to us at present. The false-positive rate of positive results in the active screening was deduced, and univariate and multivariate-probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to understand the robustness of the findings.;;Results;When the infection rate of the close contacts and the sensitivity and specificity of reported results were taken as the point estimates, the positive predictive value of the active screening was only 19.67%, in contrast, the false-positive rate of positive results was 80.33%. The multivariate-probabilistic sensitivity analysis results supported the base-case findings, with a 75% probability for the false-positive rate of positive results over 47%.;;Conclusions;In the close contacts of COVID-19 patients, nearly half or even more of the &apos;asymptomatic infected individuals’ reported in the active nucleic acid test screening might be false positives. ;","ZHUANG, Guihua; SHEN, Mingwang; ZENG, Lingxia; MI, Baibing; CHEN, Fangyao; LIU, Wenjun; PEI, Leilei; QI, Xin; LI, Chao","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"63","The Role of Telehealth in Reducing the Mental Health Burden from COVID-19","The psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic must be recognized alongside the physical symptoms for all those affected.1,2 Telehealth, or more specifically telemental health services, are practically feasible and appropriate for the support of patients, family members, and health service providers during this pandemic.3 As of March 18, 2020, there were >198,000 COVID-19 infections recorded globally, and 7,900 deaths. Psychological symptoms relating to COVID-19 have already been observed on a population level including anxiety-driven panic buying4 and paranoia about attending community events. Students, workers, and tourists who have been prevented from accessing their training institutions, workplaces, homes, respectively, are expected to have developed psychological symptoms due to stress and reduced autonomy and concerns about income, job, security, and so on.5 The Chinese, Singaporean, and Australian governments have highlighted the psychological side effects of COVID-19, and have voiced concerns regarding the long-term impacts of isolation and that the fear and panic in the community could cause more harm than COVID-19.68 In the absence of a medical cure for COVID-19, the global response is a simple public health strategy of isolation for those infected or at risk, reduced social contact to slow the spread of the virus, and simple hygiene such as hand washing to reduce the risk of infection. While the primary intervention of isolation may well achieve its goals, it leads to reduced access to support from family and friends, and degrades normal social support systems and causes loneliness, and is a risk for worsening anxiety and depressive symptoms.9 If left untreated, these psychological symptoms may have long-term health effects on patients and require treatment adding to the cost burden of managing the illness. Clinical and nonclinical staff are also at risk of psychological distress as they are expected to work longer hours with a high risk of exposure to the virus. This may also lead to stress, anxiety, burnout, depressive symptoms, and the need for sick or stress leave, which would have a negative impact on the capacity of the health system to provide services during the crisis.10 Treatment protocols for people with COVID-19 should address both the physiological and psychological needs of the patients and health service providers. Providing psychological treatment and support may reduce the burden of comorbid mental health conditions and ensure the wellbeing of those affected. Our challenge is to provide mental health services in the context of patient isolation, which highlights the role of telehealth (through videoconference, e-mail, telephone, or smartphone apps). The provision of mental health support (especially through telehealth) will likely help patients maintain psychological well-being and cope with acute and postacute health requirements more favorably. Examples of and evidence to support the effectiveness of telemental health are fairly diverse, especially in the context of depression,11 anxiety,12 and PTSD.13 Videoconferencing,14 online forums,15 smartphone apps,16 text-messaging,15 and e-mails17 have been shown to be useful communication methods for the delivery of mental health services. China is actively providing various telemental health services during the outbreak of COVID-19. These services are from government and academic agencies and include counseling, supervision, training, as well as psychoeducation through online platforms (e.g., hotline, WeChat, and Tencent QQ).18,19 Telemental health services have been prioritized for people at higher risk of exposure to COVID-19, including clinicians on the frontline, patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and their families, policemen, and security guards. Early reports also showed how people in isolation actively sought online support to address mental health needs, which demonstrated both a population interest and acceptance of this medium.20 Additional telehealth services have been previously funded by the Aust alian Government (Better Access Initiative program), to address mental health needs of rural and remote patients during emergency situations,21 such as long-term drought and bushfires. In response to COVID-19, the Australian Government has responded with additional funded services through the Medicare Benefits Schedule, enabling a greater range of telehealth services to be delivered, including telehealth[truncated]","Zhou, Xiaoyun; Snoswell, Centaine L.; Harding, Louise E.; Bambling, Matthew; Edirippulige, Sisira; Bai, Xuejun; Smith, Anthony C.","10.1089/tmj.2020.0068",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"64","Asymptomatic COVID-19 infection in pregnant woman in the third trimester: a case report","We report a case of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection in a pregnant woman in the third trimester with good maternal and infant outcomes. The patient was admitted to the Second People&apos;s Hospital of Hefei on February 11, 2020, because of a "positive novel coronavirus nucleic acid test result for one day" at 38 weeks of gestation. No abnormality was observed during her previous regular prenatal examinations. A throat swab sample was obtained from the patient four days before admission due to the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection in her husband and sister on the 14<sup>th</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> day before her admission, and the new coronavirus nucleic acid test showed positive. The patient reported no discomfort before admission. Chest CT on the 3<sup>rd</sup> after admission showed a small amount of bilateral pleural effusion. Irregular contractions occurred three days after admission and labor was considered to be imminent. An emergency cesarean section was performed and the patient delivered a live baby girl. No tests were performed on amniotic fluid, cord blood or placenta for new coronavirus nuclei acid. The patient was isolated from the infant without breastfeeding after surgery. All medical staff involved in the cesarean section were isolated after surgery. Neonatal peripheral blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for the new coronavirus nucleic acid tests on the day of birth and one day of age respectively, and nasopharyngeal swabs and anal suabs were taken at nine days after birth. All test results were negative. The patient recovered well after surgery with stable vital signs. Chest CT on the 8<sup>th</sup> after operation showed a small amount of bilateral pleural effusion, while the new coronavirus nucleic acid test results of the pharyngeal swabs were positive on the 11<sup>th</sup> and 12<sup>th</sup> day after operation. The throat swabs of all medical staff involved in the operation were negative 14 days after the operation. The mother and baby were discharged 14 days after the Cesarean section.","YAO, Li; WANG, Jing; ZHAO, Jingjing; CUI, Jing; HU, Zhihang","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"65","Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Human Metapneumovirus","The novel coronavirus (now called SARS-CoV-2) initially discovered in Wuhan, China, has now become a global pandemic. We describe a patient presenting to an Emergency Department in Rhode Island on March 12, 2020 with cough and shortness of breath after a trip to Jamaica. The patient underwent nasopharyngeal swab for a respiratory pathogen panel as well as SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. When the respiratory pathogen panel was positive for human metapneumovirus, the patient was treated and discharged. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR came back positive 24 hours later. Although respiratory viral co-infection is thought to be relatively uncommon in adults, this case reflects that SARS-CoV-2 testing algorithms that exclude patients who test positive for routine viral pathogens may miss SARS-CoV-2 co-infected patients.","Touzard-Romo, F.; Tapé, C.; Lonks, J. R.","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"66","Proposal for detection of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in clinical laboratories","In December, the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China, has attracted extensive global attention. On January 20, 2020,the Chinese health authorities upgraded the coronavirus to a Class B infectious disease in <italic>the Law of the People&apos;s Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases</italic>, and considered it as Class A infectious diseases in disease control and prevention. On January 22, 2020, the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection test was listed as the diagnostic criteria in the "guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia due to 2019-nCoV (Trial Version 2)" . Therefore, standardizing the operation process of the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection in clinical laboratories has become a top priority. It is of paramount importance to establish standard protocols for detection of the 2019-nCoV nucleic acids in clinical laboratories to improve the reliability of the results and ensure the biosafety of laboratory personnel.","TONG, Yongqing; WANG, Ming; XU, Wanzhou; QIAO, Bin; ZHENG, Hongyun; MEI, Siqing; HE, Xiaoyun; ZHANG, Pingan; LI, Yan","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"67","Implementation of radiotherapy in a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang province during the epidemic of COVID-19","To explore the clinical practice of delivering radiotherapy during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19).;;Methods;During this epidemic period, available methods including but not limited to: strict disinfection, body temperature monitoring, learning relevant knowledge by all staffs to ensure the safety of radiotherapy treatment. Relevant data including proportion of radiotherapy, time from scanning to the first time of radiation delivery and degree of satisfaction in the view of staffs and patients, respectively.;;Results;A total of 60 patients received radiation therapy in the department of radiotherapy of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (2020-02-11). Compared with the same period in 2019 (after the Spring Festival), the total number of patients receiving radiotherapy was decreased from 72 to 60(83.3%). Among them, the number of patients receiving palliative radiation therapy decreased significantly, while the proportion of radical, preoperative and/or postoperative radiotherapy/radiochemotherapy did not significantly decrease. There was significant difference between different years (<italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup>=6.967, <italic>P</italic><0.05). The median time for newly admitted patients to receive radiotherapy was two days, which was not significantly longer than the interval in 2019 (<italic>P</italic>>0.05). Staffs and patients were generally satisfied with the current prevention measures.;;Conclusions;Using a variety of prevention and control methods, and taking full account of medical safety and patient benefits, radiation-related activities can be carried out during the epidemic. ;","SONG, Tao; XU, Hongen; LI, Qiang; CHEN, Long; FANG, Min; JIA, Yongshi; LIANG, Xiaodong; CHEN, Weijun; WU, Shuqiang; LIN, Baihua; YUAN, Mian","",2020,"Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"68","Public practice,attitude and knowledge of coronavirus disease","Objective To analyze the status of knowledge; attitude and practice of the coronavirus disease;COVID-19;among the adults of 59 years old in China; and to provide scientific basis for corresponding health education strategies. Methods In the rapid development phrase of COVID-19; subjects from all provinces or municipalities of China were invited to participate in a quick questionnaire online survey on January 29th;2020. Results The effective response rate of completing questionnaire was 97.41%;3 083/3 165;. 98.54% of the subjects reported that they were very terrified. The main reasons included the high contagion;64.71%;and lack of effective treatments;19.92%; 94.45% of the subjects were concerned that they and their family members would be infected by the novel coronavirus. 99.42% knew that the virus could be transmitted from person to person; 97.89% and 93.87% knew that it could spread through respiratory tract and contact respectively;97.73% knew that patients without symptom could also be contagious;96.37% knew that persons in close contact to COVID-19 patient were required to be quarantined for at least 14 days of medical observation. 99.09% knew that the pathogen of this disease was novel coronavirus. 65.46% knew that both medical protective masks and surgical masks could prevent COVID-19 effectively. 99.68% had confidence in defeating COVID-19; and 85.86% believed that COVID-19 would be controlled within the next 3 months. Study subjects mainly obtained health information through WeChat 97%; or websites 82.06%. The proportions of the subjects who can cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing; avoid hand contacting with eyes; mouth or nose; practice hand hygiene; wear masks outside; avoid exposure to respiratory patients; and avoid the crowded were 89.85%; 85.44%; 95.13%; 96.89%; 92.18% and 96.27; respectively. Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that gender; OR=0.544; 95%CI; 0.440; 0.673; P<0.001; age;OR=1.844;95%CI;1.466;2.320; P<0.001;recognition; OR=2.200;95% CI;1.780 ; 2.718;P<0.001; were associated with those good behaviors. Conclusion After the happened; the government and society′s vigorous publicity to the public achieved good results. The public are highly concerned and have a high awareness of the knowledge of COVID-19. They adopt protective measures proactively. Females; middle taged; and individuals with insufficient recognition are likely under;protected. In the different epidemic stages of the emerging infectious disease;health education should be carried out to the public based on scientific evidences.","Qi, Ye; CHEN, Liu-huan; ZHANG, Li; YANG, Ying<U+2043>ying; ZHAN, Si<U+2043>yi; FU, Chuan<U+2043>xi","",2020," Opinion piece; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"69","Chemotherapy strategy for colorectal cancer under the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia","The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) makes the medical treatment of colorectal cancers difficult. Cancer patients are more susceptible to infection and tumor history is defined as an important factor of poor prognosis, which challenges both doctors and patients. For metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, maintenance therapy is the optimal choice. The patients with tumor progression or poor biological behaviorshould receive or or continue combination chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy should reduce the intensity of treatment and shorten the therapy time. Fever patients during chemotherapy need to receive differential diagnosis and screening according to national standards. Patients with stable diseases and good general conditions may delay imaging examination.. Clinicians should make individual clinical decisions based on the specifics of each patient durding epidemic situation.","LI, Yanhao; SHEN, Lin; LI, Jian","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"70","Aerosol formation during non-contact "air-puff" tonometry and its significance for prevention of COVID-19","To evaluate the aerosol concentration(PM2.5,PM10.0 and aerosol particle number) formation in non-contact "air-puff" tonometry and provide suggestions for medical workers to take appropriate daily protection during the prevalence of 2019-nCoV.;;Methods;A cross-sectional study was carried out in this study. Thirty healthy subjects were enrolled on February 22, 2020 at Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by non-contact "air-puff" tonometer in the ophthalmic consulting room and the hall with or without masks. PM2.5, PM10.0 and aerosol particles were recorded by air quality detector. The cumulative effects of IOP measurement, PM2.5, PM10.0 and aerosol particle number were analyzed, and the aerosol density of subjects with and without masks was compared.;;Results;The PM2.5, PM10.0 and aerosol particles produced by the non-contact "air-puff" tonometry and increased with the increase of spray times. The IOP curves of 60 eyes of 30 subjects were measured respectively in two environments of medical consulting room and medical institution hall. It was found that PM2.5, pm10.0 and particle number fluctuated and increased with the increase of IOP measurement person times, showing cumulative effect, and the accumulation speed of aerosol density in hall was faster than that in consulting room. The density of PM2.5 and PM10.0 produced without gauze mask were (53.417±2.306) and (85.350± 3.488) μg/m<sup>3</sup>, which were higher than those of (50.567±0.862) and (80.617±1.463) μg/m<sup>3</sup> with gauze mask. The differences were statistically significant (<italic>P</italic>=0.028, 0.019).;;Conclusions;Aerosol can be produced by non-contact "air-puff" tonometer spraying, and it fluctuates with the increase of spraying times, showing a cumulative effect. The aerosol accumulation is higher in the hall with insufficient air circulation. And more aerosol can be produced without gauze mask. ;","LI, Chunchun; TANG, Yuan; CHEN, Zhangyan; WANG, Aisun; HUANG, Xiaoqiong; CHEN, Yanyan; QU, Jia","",2020,"Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"71","Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019","<h3>Importance</h3><p>Health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be psychologically stressed.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>To assess the magnitude of mental health outcomes and associated factors among health care workers treating patients exposed to COVID-19 in China.</p><h3>Design, Settings, and Participants</h3><p>This cross-sectional, survey-based, region-stratified study collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 1257 health care workers in 34 hospitals from January 29, 2020, to February 3, 2020, in China. Health care workers in hospitals equipped with fever clinics or wards for patients with COVID-19 were eligible.</p><h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3><p>The degree of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress was assessed by the Chinese versions of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index, and the 22-item Impact of Event ScaleRevised, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mental health outcomes.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1257 of 1830 contacted individuals completed the survey, with a participation rate of 68.7%. A total of 813 (64.7%) were aged 26 to 40 years, and 964 (76.7%) were women. Of all participants, 764 (60.8%) were nurses, and 493 (39.2%) were physicians; 760 (60.5%) worked in hospitals in Wuhan, and 522 (41.5%) were frontline health care workers. A considerable proportion of participants reported symptoms of depression (634 [50.4%]), anxiety (560 [44.6%]), insomnia (427 [34.0%]), and distress (899 [71.5%]). Nurses, women, frontline health care workers, and those working in Wuhan, China, reported more severe degrees of all measurements of mental health symptoms than other health care workers (eg, median [IQR] Patient Health Questionnaire scores among physicians vs nurses: 4.0 [1.0-7.0] vs 5.0 [2.0-8.0];<i>P</i><U+2009>=<U+2009>.007; median [interquartile range {IQR}] Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale scores among men vs women: 2.0 [0-6.0] vs 4.0 [1.0-7.0];<i>P</i><U+2009><<U+2009>.001; median [IQR] Insomnia Severity Index scores among frontline vs second-line workers: 6.0 [2.0-11.0] vs 4.0 [1.0-8.0];<i>P</i><U+2009><<U+2009>.001; median [IQR] Impact of Event ScaleRevised scores among those in Wuhan vs those in Hubei outside Wuhan and those outside Hubei: 21.0 [8.5-34.5] vs 18.0 [6.0-28.0] in Hubei outside Wuhan and 15.0 [4.0-26.0] outside Hubei;<i>P</i><U+2009><<U+2009>.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed participants from outside Hubei province were associated with lower risk of experiencing symptoms of distress compared with those in Wuhan (odds ratio [OR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.88;<i>P</i><U+2009>=<U+2009>.008). Frontline health care workers engaged in direct diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with COVID-19 were associated with a higher risk of symptoms of depression (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.11-2.09;<i>P</i><U+2009>=<U+2009>.01), anxiety (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.22-2.02;<i>P</i><U+2009><<U+2009>.001), insomnia (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.92-4.60;<i>P</i><U+2009><<U+2009>.001), and distress (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.25-2.04;<i>P</i><U+2009><<U+2009>.001).</p><h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3><p>In this survey of heath care workers in hospitals equipped with fever clinics or wards for patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan and other regions in China, participants reported experiencing psychological burden, especially nurses, women, those in Wuhan, and frontline health care workers directly engaged in the diagnosis, treatment, and care for patients with COVID-19.</p>","Lai, Jianbo; Ma, Simeng; Wang, Ying; Cai, Zhongxiang; Hu, Jianbo; Wei, Ning; Wu, Jiang; Du, Hui; Chen, Tingting; Li, Ruiting; Tan, Huawei; Kang, Lijun; Yao, Lihua; Huang, Manli; Wang, Huafen; Wang, Gaohua; Liu, Zhongchun; Hu, Shaohua","10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"72","Drive-Through Screening Center for COVID-19: a Safe and Efficient Screening System against Massive Community Outbreak","As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is ongoing, the number of individuals to be tested for COVID-19 is rapidly increasing. For safe and efficient screening for COVID-19, drive-through (DT) screening centers have been designed and implemented in Korea. Herein, we present the overall concept, advantages, and limitations of the COVID-19 DT screening centers. The steps of the DT centers include registration, examination, specimen collection, and instructions. The entire service takes about 10 minutes for one testee without leaving his or her cars. Increased testing capacity over 100 tests per day and prevention of cross-infection between testees in the waiting space are the major advantages, while protection of staff from the outdoor atmosphere is challenging. It could be implemented in other countries to cope with the global COVID-19 outbreak and transformed according to their own situations.","KWON, Ki Tae; KO, Jae Hoon; SHIN, Heejun; SUNG, Minki; KIM, Jin Yong","",2020,"Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"73","Thinking of treatment strategies for colorectal cancer patients in tumor hospitals under the background of coronavirus pneumonia","In December 2019, a new outbreak of coronavirus pneumonia began to occur. Its pathogen is 2019-nCoV, which has the characteristics of strong infectivity and general susceptibility. The current situation of prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia is severe. In this context, as front-line medical workers bearing important responsibilities and pressure, while through strict management strategy, we can minimize the risk of infection exposure. By summarizing the research progress and guidelines in recent years in the fields of colorectal cancer disease screening, treatment strategies(including early colorectal cancer, locally advanced colorectal cancer, obstructive colorectal cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer and the treatment of patients after neoadjuvant therapy), the choice of medication and time limit for adjuvant therapy, the protective measures for patients undergoing emergency surgery, the re-examination of postoperative patients and the protection of medical staff, etc., authors improve treatment strategies in order to provide more choices for patients to obtain the best treatment under the severe epidemic situation of new coronavirus pneumonia. Meanwhile we hope that it can also provide more timely treatment modeling schemes for colleagues.","HU, Xuhua; NIU, Wenbo; ZHANG, Jianfeng; LI, Baokun; YU, Bin; ZHANG, Zhenya; ZHOU, Chaoxi; ZHANG, Xuena; GAO, Yang; WANG, Guiying","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"74","Exploration on the emergency support mode of hospital medical supplies under the epidemic of NCP","Since the outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia(NCP), hospitals have taken the fight against the virus as its own responsibility, and keep standing in the front line of epidemic prevention and control. The continuous input of anti-epidemic forces in hospitals also brings challenges to the medical supplies support, including the management of protective supplies and the maintenance of medical equipment. In the face of increasing security pressure, the medical materials support team broke the game on multiple fronts. Firstly, the team implements active material procurement strategy, sets material distribution priority according to risk level, releases materials uniformly based on stock and use, and implements traceability management of donated materials to ensure material supply. Secondly, centralized allocation management of equipment, emergency installation, advanced maintenance and emergency maintenance work is effectively completed. Thirdly, disinfection strategies for items and equipment are developed safely and effectively with the aid of disinfection equipment functions. At last, personnel management and training have been strengthened. These measures have provided strong support for the orderly prevention and control of the epidemic.","CHU, Yong-hua; ZOU, Qu-chao; XIE, Hui-ling; YING, Yue; ZHAO, Fen; JIN, Jin-jiang; HUANG, Tan-hai; SUN, Shu-ying; WANG, Yi-wen; LIU, Hong; WANG, Zhi-kang","",2020,"Ethics, social science, economics; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"75","Are We Ready for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Arriving at Schools?","No abstract available.","CHOE, Young June; CHOI, Eun Hwa","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"76","[Diagnosis and treatment recommendation for pediatric coronavirus disease-19]","","Chen, Z.; Fu, J.; Shu, Q.; Chen, Y.; Hua, C.; Li, F.; Lin, R.; Tang, L.; Wang, T.; Wang, W.; Wang, Y.; Xu, W.; Yang, Z.; Ye, S.; Yuan, T.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, Y.","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"77","Correlation between travellers departing from Wuhan before the Spring Festival and subsequent spread of COVID-19 to all provinces in China | Journal of Travel Medicine | Oxford Academic","Highlight We found a strong correlation between travel volumes departing from Wuhan, Hubei Province before the Spring Festival and the extent of amplification of the outbreak of COVID-19 in China in 2020, with 100 top cities. Almost 70% of exportations were within cities in Hubei province.","Ping Zhong, M. D. Songxue Guo M. D. Ting Chen M. D.","",2020," Epidemiological study; Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"78","Coronavirus latest: First vaccine clinical trials begin in United States","Updates on the respiratory illness that has infected tens of thousands of people and killed several thousand.","Nature","",2020," Opinion piece; Vaccines","WHO",""
"79","Coronavirus Testing | JN Learning | AMA Ed Hub","Coronavirus testing will help countries manage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but will raise questions about how to counsel patients about their test results. The CDC's Deputy Director for Infectious Diseases Jay C. Butler, MD, talks with JAMA Editor Howard Bauchner about what to advise healthy patients with positive PCR results, sick patients with negative test results, exposed health care workers, and more.","","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"80","New data on the 2019 nCoV: Transmission during the incubation period is possible","","","",2020," Opinion piece; Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"81","positive impact of lockdown in Wuhan on containing the COVID-19 outbreak in China | Journal of Travel Medicine | Oxford Academic","Background With its epicenter in Wuhan, China, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Consequently, many countries have implemented flight restrictions to China. China itself has imposed a lockdown of the population of Wuhan as well as the entire Hubei province. However, whether these two enormous measures have led to significant changes in the spread of COVID-19 cases remains unclear. Methods We analyzed available data on the development of confirmed domestic and international COVID-19 cases before and after lockdown measures. We evaluated the correlation of domestic air traffic to the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and determined the growth curves of COVID-19 cases within China before and after lockdown as well as after changes in COVID-19 diagnostic criteria. Results Our findings indicate a significant increase in doubling time from 2 days (95% Confidence Interval, CI): 1.92.6), to 4 days (95% CI: 3.54.3), after imposing lockdown. A further increase is detected after changing diagnostic and testing methodology to 19.3 (95% CI: 15.126.3), respectively. Moreover, the correlation between domestic air traffic and COVID-19 spread became weaker following lockdown (before lockdown: r<U+2009>=<U+2009>0.98, p<U+2009><<U+2009>0.05 vs. after lockdown: r<U+2009>=<U+2009>0.91, p<U+2009>=<U+2009>NS). Conclusions A significantly decreased growth rate and increased doubling time of cases was observed, which is most likely due to Chinese lockdown measures. A more stringent confinement of people in high risk areas seem to have a potential to slow down the spread of COVID-19.","Hien Lau, B. S. Veria Khosrawipour Associate Professor Piotr Kocbach PhD Agata Mikolajczyk D. V. M. Justyna Schubert PhD Jacek Bania Professor Tanja Khosrawipour M. D.","",2020," Epidemiological study; Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"82","Coronavirus fulminant myocarditis saved with glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin | European Heart Journal | Oxford Academic","A 37-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital on 14 January 2020, with chest pain and dyspnoea for 3 days, accompanied by diarrhoea. His blood pressure decreased to 80/50 mmHg. X-ray chest film showed significant enlargement of the heart (Panel A: cardiothoracic ratio 0.70). Chest computed tomography (CT) examination indicated pulmonary infection, enlarged heart, and pleural effusion (Panels B and C). The electrocardiogram suspected ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (III, AVF ST-segment elevation, Panels D and E), an emergency CT coronary angiography revealed no coronary stenosis. Markers of myocardial injury were significantly elevated. Troponin T was more than 10 000 ng/L. Creatine kinase isoenzyme CKMB 112.9 ng/L. Natriuretic peptide BNP was up to 21 025 ng/L. Echocardiography revealed an enlarged heart and a marked decrease in ventricular systolic function [left ventricle (end diastolic) dimension (LV) 58 mm, left atrium dimension (LA) 39 mm, right ventricle dimension (RV) 25 mm, right atrium dimension (RA) 48 mm, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 27%, trace 2 mm pericardial effusion]. Sputum was examined for 13 viral nucleic acids related to respiratory tract. Only the coronavirus nucleic acid test was positive. All of the other 12 nucleic acid tests were negative, including influenza A virus, adenovirus, bocavirus, rhinovirus, influenza A(H1N1) 2009, parainfluenza, chlamydia, partial pulmonary virus, influenza B virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A virus H3N2, and respiratory syncytial virus. The diagnosis of this patient is coronavirus fulminant myocarditis with cardiogenic shock and pulmonary infection.","Hongde Hu, Fenglian Ma Xin Wei Yuan Fang","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"83","Clinical Features of 69 Cases with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic","Abstract Background From December 2019 to February 2020, 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a serious outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Related clinical features are needed. Methods We reviewed 69 patients who were hospitalized in Union hospital in Wuhan between January 16 to January 29, 2020. All patients were confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the final date of follow-up was February 4, 2020. Results The median age of 69 enrolled patients was 42.0 years (IQR 35.0-62.0), and 32 patients (46%) were men. The most common symptoms were fever (60[87%]), cough (38[55%]), and fatigue (29[42%]). Most patients received antiviral therapy (66 [98.5%] of 67 patients) and antibiotic therapy (66 [98.5%] of 67 patients). As of February 4, 2020, 18 (26.9%) of 67 patients had been discharged, and five patients had died, with a mortality rate of 7.5%. According to the lowest SpO2 during admission, cases were divided into the SpO2=90% group (n=55) and the SpO2<90% group (n=14). All 5 deaths occurred in the SpO2<90% group. Compared with SpO2=90% group, patients of the SpO2<90% group were older, and showed more comorbidities and higher plasma levels of IL6, IL10, lactate dehydrogenase, and c reactive protein. Arbidol treatment showed tendency to improve the discharging rate and decrease the mortality rate. Conclusions COVID-19 appears to show frequent fever, dry cough, and increase of inflammatory cytokines, and induced a mortality rate of 7.5%. Older patients or those with underlying comorbidities are at higher risk of death.","Zhongliang Wang, M. D. Bohan Yang M. D. Qianwen Li M. D. Lu Wen M. D. Ruiguang Zhang M. D.","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"84","55-Day-Old Female Infant infected with COVID 19: presenting with pneumonia, liver injury, and heart damage | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic","Previous studies on the pneumonia outbreak caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were mainly based on information from adult populations. Limited data are available for children with COVID-19, especially for infected infants. We report a 55-day-old case with COVID-19 confirmed in China and describe the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment of the patient, including the disease progression from day 7 to day 11 of illness. This case highlights that children with COVID-19 can also present with multiple organ damage and rapid disease changes. When managing such patients, frequent and careful clinical monitoring is essential.","Yuxia Cui, M. D. Maolu Tian M. M. Dong Huang M. D. Xike Wang M. D. Yuying Huang B. M. Li Fan M. M. Liang Wang B. M. Yun Chen M. M. Wenpu Liu B. M. Kai Zhang B. M. Yue Wu B. M. Zhenzhong Yang B. M. Jing Tao B. M. Jie Feng B. M. Kaiyu Liu B. M. Xianwei Ye M. D. Rongpin Wang M. D.","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"85","Clinical outcome of 55 asymptomatic cases at the time of hospital admission infected with SARS-Coronavirus-2 in Shenzhen, China | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic","Abstract An epidemic caused by SARS-Coronavirus-2 infection has spread unexpectedly in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China since December 2019. It is rarely reported about asymptomatic cases screened from close contacts. We study epidemiological and clinical outcome of 55 asymptomatic carriers who were laboratory-confirmed positive for the SARS-Coronavirus-2 by testing the nucleic acid of the pharyngeal swab samples. The evidence showed that asymptomatic carriers occurred more often in middle aged people who had close contact with infected family members. The majority of the cases developed to be mild and ordinary COVID-19 during hospital.","Yanrong Wang, Yingxia Liu Lei Liu Xianfeng Wang Nijuan Luo Li Ling","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"86","Discussions on the emergency medical procedure of children's hospitals against COVID-19 epidemic","December 2019 witnessed the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, which has soon spread nationwide and across national borders, posting a menacing pandemic threat. Children are themselves highly susceptible infectious diseases in normal times not to mention an epidemic period. Coupled with the high incidence of seasonal influenza, it is imperative to strengthen epidemiological screening of children, along with effective isolation, treatment, prevention and control measures. In view of specifics of the hospital, the authors proposed to further improve the medical emergency procedure, strictly enforcing screening and isolation regulations, and standardizing medical procedure. They also proposed scientific layout and use of the infection wards. These measures are designed to control the epidemic and protect the safety of medical staff.","XU, Hongzhen; CHEN, Shuohui; WANG, Tianlin; YU, Gang; LAI, Can; SHU, Qiang","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"87","Plano de Contingência do Estado de São Paulo para Infecção Humana pelo novo Coronavírus - 2019 nCov","","São Paulo Secretaria da, Saúde","",2020,"","WHO",""
"88","Clinical characteristics of refractory COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic","Background Since December 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread throughout China. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of patients with refractory COVID-19. Methods In this retrospective single-center study, we included 155 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1st to February 5th. The cases were divided into general and refractory COVID-19 groups according to the clinical efficacy after hospitalization, and the difference between groups were compared. Results Compared with general COVID-19 patients (45.2%), refractory patients had an older age, male sex, more underlying comorbidities, lower incidence of fever, higher levels of maximum temperature among fever cases, higher incidence of breath shortness and anorexia, severer disease assessment on admission, high levels of neutrophil, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein, lower levels of platelets and albumin, and higher incidence of bilateral pneumonia and pleural effusion (P<0.05). Refractory COVID-19 patients were more likely to receive oxygen, mechanical ventilation, expectorant, and adjunctive treatment including corticosteroid, antiviral drugs and immune enhancer (P<0.05). After adjustment, those with refractory COVID-19 were also more likely to have a male sex and manifestations of anorexia and fever on admission, and receive oxygen, expectorant and adjunctive agents (P<0.05) when considering the factors of disease severity on admission, mechanical ventilation, and ICU transfer. Conclusion Nearly 50% COVID-19 patients could not reach obvious clinical and radiological remission within 10 days after hospitalization. The patients with male sex, anorexia and no fever on admission predicted poor efficacy.","Pingzheng Mo, Yuanyuan Xing Yu Xiao Liping Deng Qiu Zhao Hongling Wang Yong Xiong Zhenshun Cheng Shicheng Gao Ke Liang Mingqi Luo Tielong Chen Shihui Song Zhiyong Ma Xiaoping Chen Ruiying Zheng Qian Cao Fan Wang Yongxi Zhang","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"89","Circular externa 0018 de 2020: Acciones de contención ante el COVID-19 y la prevención de enfermedades asociadas al primer pico epidemiológico de enfermedades respiratorias","Ante la presencia de la enfermedad COVID-19 en Colombia, el Gobierno nacional se permite dar las siguientes instrucciones de intervención, respuesta y atención del COVID-19, complementarias a la impartidas en la Circular 0017 del 24 de febrero de 2020 del Ministerio del Trabajo, aplicables principalmente a los ambientes laborales.","Ministerio de Salud y Protección, Social; Ministerio del, Trabajo; Departamento Administrativo de la Función, Pública","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"90","Misión de repatriación de connacionales en riesgo de contagio al nuevo coronavirus COVID 19: procedimiento de desembarque y traslado de Catam a Oasis","Objetivo: Establecer un procedimiento estandarizado que articule de manera organizada las acciones Interinstitucionales para llevar a cabo el desembarque de la aeronave de los connacionales, tripulación médica y tripulación de vuelo y que garantice la seguridad y mantenimiento de las condiciones de bioseguridad adecuadas para el traslado desde la plataforma de CATAM a OASIS.","Ministerio de Salud y Protección, Social; Instituto Nacional de, Salud; Fuerza Aérea, Colombiana","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"91","Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 Outbreak in China Hardest-hit Areas: Gender differences matter","The outbreak of COVID-19 in China in December 2019 has been identified as a pandemic and a health emergency of global concern. Our objective was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in China hardest-hit areas during COVID-19 outbreak, especially exploring the gender difference existing in PTSS. One month after the December 2019 COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan China, we surveyed PTSS and sleep qualities among 285 residents in Wuhan and surrounding cities using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and 4 items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Hierarchical regression analysis and non-parametric test were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that the prevalence of PTSS in China hardest-hit areas a month after the COVID-19 outbreak was 7%. Women reported significant higher PTSS in the domains of re-experiencing, negative alterations in cognition or mood, and hyper-arousal. Participants with better sleep quality or less frequency of early awakenings reported lower PTSS. Professional and effective mental health services should be designed in order to aid the psychological wellbeing of the population in affected areas, especially those living in hardest-hit areas, females and people with poor sleep quality. PTSD; epidemic disease; Sleep quality; Hierarchical regression analysis; Wuhan area","Liu, Nianqi; Zhang, Fan; Wei, Cun; Jia, Yanpu; Shang, Zhilei; Sun, Luna; Wu, Lili; Sun, Zhuoer; Zhou, Yaoguang; Wang, Yan; Liu, Weizhi","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921",2020," Case study/series; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"92","Mental health groups providing support, education in wake of COVID-19","As news and updates continue to spread regarding the new coronavirus (COVID-19), the deadly virus that causes respiratory illness and pneumonia, mental health groups and organizations have issued information to consumers, providers and the mental health community at large about ways of addressing the virus and seeking information from public health sources.","Canady, Valerie A.","10.1002/mhw.32272",2020," Normative guidance; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"93","A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic","Abstract In December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China and now has spread in many countries. Pregnant women are susceptible population of COVID-19 which are more likely to have complications and even progresse to severe illness. We report a case of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China with pharyngeal swabs tested positive by rRT-PCR assay 36 hours after birth. However, whether the case is a vertical transmission from mother to child remains to be confirmed.","","",NA," Case study/series; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"94","Consensus of Chinese experts on protection of skin and mucous membrane barrier for health professions fighting against coronavirus disease 2019","Health professions preventing and controlling coronavirus disease 2019 are prone to skin and mucous membrane injuries, which may cause acute and chronic dermatitis, secondary infections and aggravation of underlying skin diseases. This is a consensus of Chinese experts on measures and advice on hand cleaning- and medical glove- related hand protection, mask- and goggles- related face protection, ultraviolet- related protection, as well as eye, nasal and oral mucosa, outer ear and hair protection. It is necessary to strictly follow standards on wearing protective equipments and specifications on sterilizing and cleaning. Both insufficient and excessive protection will adversely affect the skin and mucous membrane barrier. At the same time, using moisturizing products is highly recommended to achieve better protection.","","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"95","Immunization recommendations and safety and immunogenicity on the delayed vaccination of non-national immunization program for the corona virus disease 2019 in China","","","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"96","Strategy of nursing care on the face skin injuries caused by wearing medical-grade protective equipment","For effective resistance to virus attack and infection, reducing virus transmission chance, it is extremely important for the medical staff and related workers to have their own safe protection. This paper summarizes the development causes, common locations, and prevention ways about the device related pressure injuries on the face resulted from wearing medical-grade protective equipment for a long working time. The paper proposes the nursing strategy for device related pressure injuries and other nursing strategy is proposed to take care efficiently the device related pressure injuries. Meantime, a corresponding nursing strategy is also suggested to deal with the correlative skin diseases during the application of medical-grade protective equipment. These paper aims to provide reference for the prevention of device related pressure injuries and the care of skin-related diseases for clinical working staff, especially to the respectable personnel in front line of fighting against Corona virus disease 2019.","ZHOU, Qin; XUE, Jiao; MA, Ning Xia; TONG, Cui Fang; WANG, Qing; SHI, Xue Qin; LU, Ying; JIAO, Xiao Chun; HU, Da Hai","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"97","Attention should be paid to the exposure risk of patients with chronic wounds on the way to hospital during corona virus disease 2019 epidemic prevention and control","Statistics show that 76.74% (4 688) of 6 109 patients with chronic wounds are those over 50 years of age; the proportion of patients with underlying diseases in all age groups above 50 years ranges from 78.25% to 100.00%; among the underlying diseases of chronic wound patients, the top four diseases are diabetes mellitus , cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, and respiratory diseases. The above underlying diseases and ages of patients are the susceptibility factors of corona virus disease 2019 released by National Health Commission of China. It is an unavoidable fact that patients with chronic wounds have to go to the hospital for treatment prescribed by the physician. At the same time, we found that there were not a few patients who go far afield because of various reasons when go to the hospital for treatment. During the period of epidemic prevention and control, this kind of 'go far afield' style of seeking medical treatment may increase the exposure risk during transportation. Accordingly, we convened 36 wound care clinics in different regions in Shanghai to implement the 'Five Measures' to encourage patients with chronic wounds to seek medical treatment proximately. The principle of this operation is that when seeking medical treatment, trying our best to reduce as much as possible the transportation distance for patients with chronic wounds to minimize the exposure risk during the epidemic period and eventually support the epidemic prevention and control campaign.","ZHOU, Jingqi; DONG, Wei; XU, Honglian; CAI, Yunmin; SHENG, Donghai; WU, Fangyi; LIU, Yingkai; TANG, Jiajun; LIN, Weidong; HUANG, Lifang; LU, Shuliang","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"98","The Emotional Impact Of Coronavirus 2019-Ncov (New Coronavirus Disease)","Background : A novel form of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan has created a confused and rapidly evolving situation. In this situational framework, patients and front-line healthcare workers are vulnerable. Method : Studies were identified using large-circulation international journals found in two electronic databases: Scopus and Embase. Results : Populations of patients that may require tailored interventions are older adults and international migrant workers. Older adults with psychiatric conditions may be experiencing further distress. The COVID-19 epidemic has underscored potential gaps in mental health services during emergencies. Conclusions : Most health professionals working in isolation units and hospitals do not receive any training for providing mental health care. Fear seems more certainly a consequence of mass quarantine.","Lima, Carlos Kennedy Tavares; Carvalho, Poliana Moreira de Medeiros; Lima, Igor de Araújo Silva; Nunes, José Victor Alexandre de Oliveira; Saraiva, Jeferson Seves; de Souza, Ricardo Inácio; da Silva, Claúdio Gleidiston Lima; Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915",2020," Systematic review; Ethics, social science, economics; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"99","Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: Now is the time to refresh pandemic plans","This article outlines practical steps that businesses can take now to prepare for a pandemic. Given the current growing spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world, it is imperative that businesses review their pandemic plans and be prepared in case this epidemic expands and affects more people and communities. Preparing for a potential infectious disease pandemic from influenza or a novel corona virus is an essential component of a business continuity plan, especially for businesses that provide critical healthcare and infrastructure services. Although many businesses and organisations have a pandemic plan or address pandemic preparedness in their business continuity plans, few have recently tested and updated their plans. Pandemics can not only interrupt an organisation's operations and compromise long-term viability of an enterprise, but also disrupt the provision of critical functions. Businesses that regularly test and update their pandemic plan can significantly reduce harmful impacts to the business, play a key role in protecting employees' and customers' health and safety, and limit the negative impact of a pandemic on the community and economy.","Koonin, Lisa M.","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"100","Protecting Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak Lessons from Taiwan's SARS response | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic","Abstract During major epidemic outbreaks, demand for health care workers grows even as the extreme pressures they face cause declining availability. We draw on Taiwans SARS experience to argue that a modified form of Traffic Control Bundling protects health care worker safety and by extension strengthens overall COVID-19 epidemic control. Traffic Control Bundling, Healthcare Workers, COVID-19, Protection Issue Section: Brief Report","Jonathan Schwartz, Chwan-Chuen King Muh-Yong Yen","",NA," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"101","CT appearance of new coronavirus pneumonia in subclinical period and short-term changes","Objective To explore the characteristics and short-term changes of high resolutionCT (HRCT) in subclinical stage of new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Methods TheHRCT images of 17 NCP patients in subclinical stage were analyzed retrospectively in Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of science and technology and Wuhan JinyintanHospital from January 15 to January 31, 2020. There were 4 males and 13 females, aged from 25.0 to 51.0 (39.8±7.5) years, who were closely contacted with NCP patients. The follow-up CT examination was performed 3 to 6 days after the initial CT examination in all patients. Six patients were treated using anti-virus, anti-inflammation andsymptomatic therapy, while the orther 11 patients were untreated. The CT imaging signs of subclinical and short-term follow-up were analyzed, and the CT image changes of short-term follow-up was summarized. Results Thelesions of 17 NCP patients were mainly located at the lower lobes of both lungs (9 cases at the left lower lobe and 10 cases at the right lower lobe in the subclinical stage, 9 casesat the left lower lobe and 11casesat the right lower lobe in the short-term follow-up). The number of lung segments involved increased from 46 in the subclinical stage to 90 in the short-term follow-up. In the subclinical stage, most of the lesions were multiple (13 cases), while in the short-term follow-up, the number of multiple cases decreased (7 cases), focal (6 cases) and diffuse distribution(4 cases) increased. The lesions were mainly distributed under the pleura (13 cases) or along the bronchovascular bundle (10 cases). In the short-term follow-up, 1 case progressed from subpleural to subpleural and along the bronchovascular bundle. There were 3 main types of lesions, including ground glass nodule, ground glass opacity and crazy-paving pattern. In the subclinical stage and short-term follow-up, ground glass nodules were seen in all the 17 cases. In the short-termfollow-up, ground glass nodules decreased in 4 cases and crazy-paving pattern increased in 4 cases. In 6 patients after treatment, 3 cases were changed from multiple to single ground glass nodule, 3 cases showed multiple ground glass opacity reduced. Therange of lesions in 11 patients without treatment enlarged. Conclusion TheHRCT features of the NCP patients in subcilincal stagehave some charicteristics, such as small ground glass nodule, ground glass opacity along the subpleural or along the bronchovascular bundle, and the great changescan be seen in the short-term follow-up.","JIANG, Nanchuan; ZHENG, Chuansheng; FAN, Yanqing; HAN, Xiaoyu; CHEN, Yan; CHENG, Qiguang; LIANG, Bo; HAN, Ping; SHI, Heshui","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"102","Successful treatment for the first confirmed noval coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Guizhou Province","Noval coronavirus-infected pneumonia is an acute respiratory infectious diease caused by an noval coronavirus, and it is highly contagious. The first confirmed coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Guizhou was admitted to the department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. After has been given isolation, anti-viral therapy, oxygen therapy, maintaining internal environment stability, organ functions protection and psychological comfort for 8 days, the patient successfully recovered from the disease. It is suggested that early recognition, early isolation, timely antiviral treatment, organ function protection and psychological intervention are effective methods for patient with noval coronavirus-infected pneumonia.","WU, Yanqi; GAO, Daixiu; SHEN, Feng; XIE, Lulu; LIZHANG, Shuangzi; WU, Yue; LI, Guimei; LI, Liang; LI, Wei; LIU, Bo","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"103","Serial interval in determining the estimation of reproduction number of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak | Journal of Travel Medicine | Oxford Academic","Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, China in the end of 2019, and soon spread oversea. A comprehensive and timely review summarized the scientific research in estimating the basic reproduction number (R0) released from 1 January to 7 February 2020 [1]. During the early outbreak, when the key epidemiological features of COVID-19 were uncovered, the R0 estimation largely relied on the growth rate of the epidemic curve and the estimation of the serial interval (SI). Here, we demonstrated that an overlarge SI would lead to overestimation of R0. We adopted the growing process proposed in [2] deterministically with a population of 11 million in Wuhan, 1 case initially onset on 5 December 2019 and a fixed step at 1 day. We consider two values of the mean serial interval (SI) that are <U+F0B7> SI at 4.6 days estimated based on 28 records of transmission chains [3], which was largely consistent with the SI estimate at 4.4 days based on 71 records [4]; and <U+F0B7> SI at 8 days, which was closer to the SI of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS, 8.4 days), SI of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, 7.6 days). As for demonstration that a larger SI could lead to overestimation in R0, we conducted the simulation with two schemes that are <U+F0B7> Scheme (I): R0 = 2, and SI = 4.6 days; and <U+F0B7> Scheme (II): R0 = 2, 3, 4 and 3.3 as summarized in [1], and SI = 8 days. We also compared the simulation results with the previous estimates of the cumulative number of COVID-19 infection in Wuhan. In Fig 1, the simulation results of the scheme (I) had almost the same growing trends as those of scheme (II) with R0 = 3.3. Although a higher R0 could force the epidemic curve increasing rapidly, a shorter SI could increase iteration of transmission generation, i.e., transmission may occur shortly post infection. According to the simple approximated formula that R0 = exp(<U+03B3>·SI), where <U+03B3> was the exponential growth rate calculated from the incidence data directly, a longer SI would lead to a higher R0 estimate theoretically. With a shorter SI at 4.6 days, which was supported by richer datasets in [3, 4], the R0 of COVID-19 could be lower than previous estimates based on longer SI. By using the growth rate (<U+03B3>) at 0.15 per day, the R0 was found at 2.0 with SI at 4.6 days, whereas 3.3 with SI at 8 days. Although the effects of public health control were ignored in this analysis, our model could be Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jtm/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/jtm/taaa033/5803291 by guest on 13 March 2020 4 extended by introducing an effective reproduction number accounting for the effectiveness of the control measures, and we remarked this modification would not affect the main conclusion. Furthermore, as pointed out in [3], provided that the SI of COVID-19 might be shorter than its incubation period, pre-symptomatic transmission may occur shortly after being infected [5]. This implies that a fraction of transmissions cannot be prevented solely through isolating the symptomatic cases, since the time when contact tracing is conducted, they may have already been infectious and generated secondary cases. Therefore, the effectively quarantine of suspected (and probable) cases, as well as close contacts, and timely contact tracing were crucial in successful outbreak mitigation.","Shi Zhao, MPhil Peihua Cao PhD Daozhou Gao PhD Zian Zhuang Bsc Yongli Cai PhD Jinjun Ran MPhil Marc K. C. Chong PhD Kai Wang PhD Yijun Lou PhD Weiming Wang PhD Lin Yang PhD Daihai He PhD Maggie H. Wang PhD","",NA," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"104","Practical exploration of the informationization support for prevention and control of the new coronavirus pneumonia with Tongji Hospital as an example","December of 2019 witnessed the outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan city and a few localities. As a designated hospital, Tongji Hospital is designated as a hospital for the diagnosis and treatment of numerous patients of such a disease. Based on the medical cloud platform, the hospital has initiated a regional remote diagnosis center; based on its IT system, the hospital to operate its epidemic prevention and management mechanism, set up the self-service system for patients at the fever clinic, launched its online diagnosis and treatment services, and established a hospital epidemic supervision platform. By strengthening the informational support needed for epidemic prevention and control, the hospital has enhanced its efficiency of epidemic prevention and control, reducing the risk of cross-infection, and ensuring data security. Its experiences offer references for informationization support for other regions and hospitals in China.","REN, Yufei; ZHANG, Xiaoxiang; LI, Jin; WANG, Yanzhao; SHAN, Jie; NAI, Cunjian","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"105","Atención y manejo clínico de casos de COVID-19, escenario de transmisión focalizada: Documento técnico","El documento contiene los antecedentes, finalidad, objetivo, base legal, ámbito de aplicación, así como la vigilancia epidemiológica, definiciones, atención y manejo clínico de casos de COVID-19, para reducir el impacto sanitario, social y económico en el territorio nacional.","Perú. Ministerio de, Salud; Dirección General de Intervenciones Estratégicas en Salud, Pública","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"106","Declaración jurada de salud del viajero para prevenir el coronavirus (COVID-19): Documento técnico","El documento contiene la Declaración Jurada de Salud del Viajero para prevenir el coronavirus (COVID-19).","Perú. Ministerio de, Salud; Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"107","Politicians: please work together to minimise the spread of COVID-19","","Murdoch, David; Addidle, Michael; Andersson, Hanna-Sofia; Arnold, Brendan; Balm, Michelle; Benschop, Jackie; Betty, Bryan; Birch, Mark; Bloomfield, Max; Brunton, Cheryl; Burns, Andrew; Chambers, Stephen; Cook, Lynley; Dalton, Simon; Duncan, Harvey; Elvy, Juliet; Everts, Richard; Freeman, Joshua; French, Nigel; Grimwade, Kate; Hammer, David; Hayman, David; Holland, David; Hudson, Ben; Huggan, Paul; Ikram, Rosemary; Jack, Susan; Kelly, Matthew; Lamont, Iain; Maze, Michael; McAuliffe, Gary; McBride, Stephen; Metcalf, Sarah; Morpeth, Susan; Morris, Arthur; Murton, Samantha; Pink, Ramon; Pithie, Alan; Pitout, Martin; Priest, Patricia; Raymond, Nigel; Read, Kerry; Ritchie, Stephen; Rogers, Matthew; Schroeder, Philip; Taylor, Susan; Taylor, James; Thomas, Mark; Upton, Arlo; Ussher, James; Werno, Anja; Wiles, Siouxsie","",2020," Case study/series; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"108","What further should be done to control COVID-19 outbreaks in addition to cases isolation and contact tracing measures?","Historically, these interventions have been successfully applied for controlling a variety of emerging infectious disease outbreaks, such as smallpox and SARS, but only partially effective for foot-and-mouth disease, and likely not effective for influenza [2,3,4]. Currently, it is not yet clear whether case isolation and contact tracing measures are sufficient to contain a new outbreak from COVID-19. Recently, Hellewell and colleagues developed a stochastic transmission model to assess the potential effectiveness of case isolation and contact tracing in controlling COVID-19 outbreak [5]. They suggested that in most modeled scenarios contact tracing and case isolation alone might be insufficient to control a new outbreak of COVID-19 within 3 months, especially when longer delays from symptom onset to isolation, fewer cases ascertained by contact tracing, and increased transmission before symptoms exist. It is the first study using a stochastic model to evaluate the effects of isolation and contact tracing intervention for outbreak of COVID-19. In this study, the authors simplified the outputs of their model to the effects of contact tracing and isolation on the control of outbreaks under different scenarios of transmission, and included several parameters (e.g., the basic reproduction number R0, the delay from symptom onset to isolation, and the probability contacts were traced) other than merely focusing on R0. This interesting study provides a timely evaluation strategy to quantify the potential effectiveness of case isolation and contact tracing measures and may bring insights for the control the COVID-19 outbreak in China and probably other areas of the world as wellDO - 10.1186/s12916-020-01551-8","He, Zhenjian","",2020," Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"109","comparative study on the clinical features of COVID-19 pneumonia to other pneumonias | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic","Background A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has raised world concern since it emerged in Wuhan Hubei China in December, 2019. The infection may result into severe pneumonia with clusters illness onsets. Its impacts on public health make it paramount to clarify the clinical features with other pneumonias. Methods Nineteen 2019-nCoV pneumonia (NCOVID-19) and fifteen other pneumonia patients (NON-NCOVID-19) in out of Hubei places were involved in this study. Both NCOVID-19 and NON-NCOVID-19 patients were confirmed to be infected in throat swabs or/and sputa with or without 2019-nCoV by real-time RT-PCR. We analyzed the demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and radiological features from those patients, and compared the difference between NCOVID-19 and NON-NCOVID-19. Results All patients had a history of exposure to confirmed case of 2019-nCoV or travel to Hubei before illness. The median duration, respectively, was 8 (IQR:6~11) and 5 (IQR:4~11) days from exposure to onset in NCOVID-19 and NON-NCOVID-19. The clinical symptoms were similar between NCOVID-19 and NON-NCOVID-19. The most common symptoms were fever and cough. Fifteen (78.95%) NCOVID-19 but 4 (26.67%) NON-NCOVID-19 patients had bilateral involvement while 17 (89.47%) NCOVID-19 but 1 (6.67%) NON-NCOVID-19 patients had multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity of chest CT images. Compared to NON-NCOVID-19, NCOVID-19 present remarkably more abnormal laboratory tests including AST, ALT, <U+03B3>-GT, LDH and a-HBDH. Conclusion The 2019-nCoV infection caused similar onsets to other pneumonias. CT scan may be a reliable test for screening NCOVID-19 cases. Liver function damage is more frequent in NCOVID-19 than NON-NCOVID-19 patients. LDH and a-HBDH may be considerable markers for evaluation of NCOVID-19.","Dahai Zhao, Feifei Yao Lijie Wang Ling Zheng Yongjun Gao Jun Ye Feng Guo Hui Zhao Rongbao Gao","",NA," Comparative study, RCT; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"110","Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic","Abstract Background In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan and rapidly spread throughout China. Methods Demographic and clinical data of all confirmed cases with COVID-19 on admission at Tongji Hospital from January 10 to February 12, 2020, were collected and analyzed. The data of laboratory examinations, including peripheral lymphocyte subsets, were analyzed and compared between severe and non-severe patients. Results Of the 452 patients with COVID-19 recruited, 286 were diagnosed as severe infection. The median age was 58 years and 235 were male. The most common symptoms were fever, shortness of breath, expectoration, fatigue, dry cough and myalgia. Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocytes counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naïve helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. Conclusions The novel coronavirus might mainly act on lymphocytes, especially T lymphocytes. Surveillance of NLR and lymphocyte subsets is helpful in the early screening of critical illness, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.","Chuan Qin, M. D. PhD Luoqi Zhou M. D. Ziwei Hu M. D. Shuoqi Zhang M. D. PhD Sheng Yang M. D. Yu Tao M. D. PhD Cuihong Xie M. D. PhD Ke Ma M. D. PhD Ke Shang M. D. PhD Wei Wang M. D. PhD","",NA," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"111","The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic Declaration on Psychological Consequences: A Study on Active Weibo Users","<p>COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) has significantly resulted in a large number of psychological consequences. The aim of this study is to explore the impacts of COVID-19 on peoples mental health, to assist policy makers to develop actionable policies, and help clinical practitioners (e.g., social workers, psychiatrists, and psychologists) provide timely services to affected populations. We sample and analyze the Weibo posts from 17,865 active Weibo users using the approach of Online Ecological Recognition (OER) based on several machine-learning predictive models. We calculated word frequency, scores of emotional indicators (e.g., anxiety, depression, indignation, and Oxford happiness) and cognitive indicators (e.g., social risk judgment and life satisfaction) from the collected data. The sentiment analysis and the paired sample t-test were performed to examine the differences in the same group before and after the declaration of COVID-19 on 20 January, 2020. The results showed that negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, depression and indignation) and sensitivity to social risks increased, while the scores of positive emotions (e.g., Oxford happiness) and life satisfaction decreased. People were concerned more about their health and family, while less about leisure and friends. The results contribute to the knowledge gaps of short-term individual changes in psychological conditions after the outbreak. It may provide references for policy makers to plan and fight against COVID-19 effectively by improving stability of popular feelings and urgently prepare clinical practitioners to deliver corresponding therapy foundations for the risk groups and affected people.</p>","Li, Sijia; Wang, Yilin; Xue, Jia; Zhao, Nan; Zhu, Tingshao","10.3390/ijerph17062032",2020," Narrative review; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"112","Game consumption and the 2019 novel coronavirus (vol 20, pg 275, 2019)","","Li, J.; Xie, X.","",2020," Opinion piece; Awaiting classification; Reservoir","WHO",""
"113","Public health measures to slow community spread of COVID-19 | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic","COVID-19 was initially identified in an outbreak of viral pneumonia in Wuhan in December 2019, and has now been recognized in 77 countries with over 90,000 laboratory-confirmed cases and over 3,000 deaths as of 3 March 2020 [1]. The epidemiology of COVID-19 has recently become clearer as incident cases continue to rise and researchers refine estimates of the severity, transmissibility, and populations affected. Based on available data, COVID-19 is efficiently transmitted in the community, and the proportion of infections leading to severe illness is particularly high among adults =50 years of age and among individuals with comorbid health conditions. Although rare, severe cases have also been reported among younger individuals. Thus far, the estimated basic reproductive number (R0) of COVID-19 is higher than that of influenza [2], as is the case fatality risk for adults and older individuals. An estimated 80% of COVID-19 cases are mild [1]. This is not a glass half full statistic, as 20% of infections result in clinically severe cases that have the potential to overwhelm already overburdened health facilities. Given the lack of vaccines and effective antivirals, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are the most effective available interventions for local and global control and mitigation of COVID-19. To date, measures aimed at slowing introduction of infection globally have included travel restrictions, isolation of confirmed cases, and quarantine of exposed persons. In the United States, NPIs have reduced the number of infected persons entering the country, but recent outbreaks in multiple US states make it clear that these measures have delayed but not prevented community transmission. In 2009, NPIs were able to delay large epidemic waves of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in some locations until after the summer, since influenza transmission tends to be reduced by higher temperatures and humidity. It is unclear whether COVID-19 transmission will be heavily affected by seasonal weather variation, given that transmission is now occurring in multiple tropical and sub-tropical locations.","Benjamin J Cowling, PhD Allison Aiello PhD","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Epidemiology; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"114","The situation and responses of emerging infectious diseases in China","Since the 1990s, emerging infectious diseases have been found in the world. After SARS in 2003, there have been several domestic and imported emerging infectious diseases in China, indicating a not optimistic situation. The associated and driven factors of occurrence or spreading of emerging infectious diseases come from biological, natural and social fields. Therefore, the world health organization and the international community focus on the establishment of effective regional and international monitoring and response systems. Although the emerging infectious diseases response capacity in China has been systematically improved since the SARS epidemic in 2003, there still has deficiencies on mechanism and system. Considering the current emerging infectious diseases situation and challenge, the key area or pathogens and the tasks of capacity building on surveillance, early warning and response need to be clarified and strengthened in China.","LI, Qun","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control; Other related diseases and viruses","WHO",""
"115","Protection management and procedures of nuclear medicine imaging during novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) infection epidemic period","At the end of December 2019, acute respiratory infectious diseases caused by a new type of coronavirus were prevalent in Wuhan and other cities of China. Different from radiology examinations, the protocols of nuclear medical imaging examinations are complicated, in which more workplaces and staff are needed, resulting more complex management of patients and higher protection requirements. Combined with the characteristics of SPECT and PET imaging procedures, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the protective process of imaging examinations for patients with confirmed or suspected novel coronavirus infection. The main purpose is to protect medical staff from virus infection, effectively reduce the risk of virus transmission during the examination process, and ensure the medical quality and safety.","LAN, Xiaoli; SUN, Xun; QIN, Chunxia; RUAN, Weiwei; HU, Jia; LIN, Jing; HU, Fan; WANG, Ting; XIA, Xiaotian; ZHANG, Yongxue; AN, Rui; GAO, Zairong; WU, Yanyan; XIONG, Lijuan","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"116","New coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 and ocular surface transmission","<p><b></b>Since the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)has rapidly spread in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. This has aroused great concern of the Chinese government and the international community. There have been unconfirmed threads of COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis as the first symptom. Therefore, the issue that whether and how the novel coronavirus strain SARS-CoV-2 infection is transmitted through the ocular surface has become a new concern. In the absence of clinical and experimental evidence of COVID-19 in ocular infection, we have conducted a retrospective literature analysis of viral pathogens that simultaneously trigger ocular lesions during the onset of epidemic diseases. The purpose of this paper is to provide some reference and suggestions for appropriately understanding of ocular protection in the prevention and control of the COVID-19.</p>","Zhang, Ming-Zhi","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control; Other related diseases and viruses","WHO",""
"117","Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications | European Heart Journal | Oxford Academic","The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) provides a further challenge in the battle against outbreaks of novel virus infections and has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. Much has been learnt in the course of preceding epidemics, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and H1N1 influenza, and it is now recognized that their overall health burden may be under-estimated since extra-pulmonary manifestations are frequent.1 Acute and chronic cardiovascular complications of pneumonia are common and result from various mechanisms, including relative ischaemia, systemic inflammation, and pathogen-mediated damage. There is, however, only limited published data concerning cardiovascular presentations in the wake of viral epidemics. The present COVID-19 outbreak emphasizes the need for greater awareness of the immediate and long-term cardiovascular implications of viral infection and the significant gaps in knowledge that future research will need to address.","Tian-Yuan Xiong, Simon Redwood Bernard Prendergast Mao Chen","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"118","Hypothesis: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 | Journal of Travel Medicine | Oxford Academic","Highlight Intravenous infusions of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in experimental animals increase the numbers of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in the cardiopulmonary circulation. ACE2 receptors serve as binding sites for SARS-CoV-2 virions in the lungs. Patients who take ACEIs and ARBS may be at increased risk of severe disease outcomes due to SARS-CoV-2 infections.","James H Diaz, M. D. Mph; Tm, Dr P. H.","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"119","Routes for COVID-19 importation in Brazil | Journal of Travel Medicine | Oxford Academic","Highlight The global outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a pandemic by the WHO. As the number of imported SARS-CoV-2 cases is on the rise in Brazil, we use incidence and historical air travel data to estimate the most important routes of importation into the country.","Darlan Da S Candido, MSc Alexander Watts PhD Leandro Abade DPhil Moritz U. G. Kraemer DPhil Oliver G. Pybus DPhil Julio Croda M. D. PhD Wanderson Oliveira PhD Kamran Khan M. D. M. P. H. Ester C. Sabino PhD Nuno R. Faria PhD","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"120","Precaution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ophthalmology medical staff","<p><b></b>The epidemic of the SARS-CoV-2 infection has presented as a critical period. Until February 14th 2020, more than 55 000 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been confirmed in China, which has a great impact on economy and society, and also seriously interfering with ordinary medical practice of ophthalmology. In order to protect ophthalmology medical staff from SARS-CoV-2 infection during the outbreak period, this paper suggests the necessary medical protective measures for ophthalmology outpatient and ward.</p>","Chen, Bo","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"121","Impact of new coronavirus epidemics on HIV-infected patients","Since the first report of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan (China) at the end of 2019 due to a new airborne highly transmissible coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2, large-scale spreading has rapidly become a global concern. Up to the end of February 2020, more than 85,000 cases had been confirmed worldwide, mostly in China, with more than 3,000 deaths. Figures are increasing on a daily basis, being unpredictable what will happen next. Table 1 summarizes figures for major outbreaks due to acute viral infections recorded during the past 50 years.","Soriano, V.; Barreiro, P.","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Other related diseases and viruses","WHO",""
"122","A Novel Approach for a Novel Pathogen: using a home assessment team to evaluate patients for 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic","Thousands of people in the United States have required testing for SARS-CoV-2. Evaluation for a special pathogen is resource intensive. We report an innovative approach to home assessment that, in collaboration with public health, enables safe evaluation and specimen collection outside the healthcare setting, avoiding unnecessary exposures and resource utilization.","Chloe Bryson-Cahn, M. D. Jeffrey Duchin M. D. M. P. H. Vanessa A. Makarewicz R. N. M. N. C. I. C. Meagan Kay D. V. M. Mpvm Krista Rietberg M. P. H. C. I. C. Nathanael Napolitano M. P. H. Carole Kamangu R. N. M. P. H. C. I. C. Timothy H. Dellit M. D. John B. Lynch M. D. M. P. H.","",NA," Epidemiological study; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"123","First case of severe childhood novel coronavirus pneumonia in China TT - <U+4E2D><U+534E><U+513F><U+79D1><U+6742><U+5FD7>","Summary One patient with a complaint of ""intermittent diarrhea, vomiting for 6 days, fever with shortness of breath for half a day"" was referred to the Department of Critical Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, and was diagnosed with neonatal severe coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Relevant databases such as China Knowledge Net, Weipu, Wanfang and other related databases were searched with the keywords of ""new coronavirus pneumonia"", ""children"", and ""critical severity"" as of February 8, 2020. This case is the first child with severe NCP in China. It started with gastrointestinal symptoms, early respiratory symptoms were not obvious, and rapidly progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and acute renal failure. The patient was negative for nucleic acid test of 2019 new-type coronavirus (2019-nCoV) for 2 consecutive consecutive throat swabs. For severe suspected cases, it is recommended to take samples of the lower respiratory tract or repeat samples of the upper respiratory tract for testing. Continuous blood purification technology can be applied to the treatment of children with severe NCP as early as possible.","Chen, Feng; Liu, Zhi-sheng; Zhang, Fu-rong; Xiong, Rui-hua; Chen, Yang; Cheng, X. Feng; Wang, Wen-yong; Ren, Jie","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"124","Interpretation of 'expert consensus on elderly patients with hip fractures under epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia'","With aim to reasonably cope with the elderly patients with hip fracture during epidemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Professor Su Jiacan and Academician Zhang Yingze organized the 'expert consensus on elderly patients with hip fractures under epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia' that for the first time formulated the management strategies for the elderly patients with hip fracture including selection of surgical methods and protective measures for medical staff from perspective of orthopedic surgeons. The authors interpret the clinical guiding value and key points of diagnosis and treatment of the consensus to help clinicians better understand the consensus and strengthen its practical application.","HU, Yan; CAO, Liehu; HUANG, Biaotong; HE, Jiye; GU, Zhengrong; CHEN, Xiao; LIU, Guohui; LIU, Ximing; CHEN, Yanxi; WANG, Dongliang; SU, Jiacan","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"125","Comparison of chest CT images between confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19","Objective To explore the value of chest CT features and clinical indexes in the differential diagnosis between suspected COVID-19 with two or more negative nucleic acid tests and confirmed COVID-19. Methods The clinical data and chest CT images of 105 cases withconfirmedCOVID-19 (55 males and 50 females, aged from 2 month to 88 years) and 97 cases with suspected COVID-19(59 males and 38 females, aged from 1 month to 93 years) were analyzed retrospectively in Shiyan Taihe Hospital from January 21 to February 10, 2020. χ 2 test and two independent sample t test were used to analyze the clinical data and CT signs of the two cases, with P<0.05 for the difference statistically significant. Results Compared with the suspected patients, the average age of diagnosis of covid-19 was higher (t = 2.460, P = 0.01). The main pathological changes were pure ground glass (68 cases) and mixed ground glass density (53 cases) ( χ 2 = 50.016, P < 0.01). Interstitial thickening (83 cases) ( χ 2 = 55.395, P < 0.01), vascular thickening (73 cases) ( χ 2 = 57.527, P < 0.01), air bronchoscopic sign or bronchiectasis Zhang (67 cases) ( χ 2 = 17.899, P < 0.01), cord focus (54 cases) ( χ 2 = 5.500, P = 0.02), easily distributed under the pleura and the long axis of the lesion was parallel to the pleura (89 cases) ( χ 2 = 23.597, P < 0.01), most of them had no pleural effusion ( χ 2 = 7.017, P < 0.01); both lesions were mainly distributed in patches (89 cases were confirmed, 87 suspected) ( χ 2 = 19.573, P < 0.01). In addition, the lesions of patients with confirmed covid-19 showed progress in short term (72 / 87, 82.76%), and those with suspected covid-19 showed remission in short term (63 / 89, 70.78%). The difference was statistically significant ( χ 2 = 51.114, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in gender and distribution of pulmonary lobes ( χ 2 = 1.462, P = 0.23; χ 2 = 7.381, P = 0.19). The number of white blood cells ( χ 2 = 17.891, P < 0.01) and the percentage of lymphocytes ( χ 2 = 11.151, P < 0.01) of covid-19 were mostly normal or decreased, creatine kinase ( χ 2 = 9.589, P < 0.01) were mostly normal, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was mostly normal or increased ( χ 2 = 4.240, P = 0.04). Conclusions The imaging features and biochemical indexes of diagnosed COVID-19 are different from those of suspected COVID-19. The comparative analysis of imaging features, clinical indexes and reexamination are helpful for the differential diagnosis of COVID-19 and suspected COVID-19.","HU, Rui; HUANG, Nan; CHEN, Wen; HE, Qiang; ZHAO, Liang; QIU, Junhua; WU, Dehong; GUO, Can; XU, Lin","",2020," Comparative study, RCT; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"126","Current situation and trend of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-2019) in foreign countries","Objective To learn about the current situation and trends of novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-2019) in foreign countries. Methods The data on confirmed COVID-2019 cases were collected between January 20, 2020 and February 18, 2020 and by age, sex, nationality, contact history, region, and country were performed stratified analysis and onset time analysis. Results From January 20th to February 18th, the cumulative number of confirmed cases of COVI D-2019 abroad was 804. Excluding the 454 cases on the 'Diamond Princess' cruise ship in Japan, the daily number of new cases fluctuated, showed a trend of rising first and then maintaining a steady trend. The peak date for new cases was on February 1, with the number of cases reaching 26. The confirmed cases were mainly concentrated in Asian countries, but also distributed in Europe, North America, Oceania and Africa. As of February 15, there was no more increase reported in the number of countries where confirmed cases occurred after reaching 25. Among these countries, Singapore, Japan, and Thailand were with the highest number of cases, with 77, 65, and 35 cases, respectively. In accordamce to available information on confirmed cases, the cases with history of exposure to confirmed cases were more than those with history of living or traveling in Hubei. And more cases were non-Chinese nationalities, 40 years old and above, and males . Conclusion The novel coronavirus has transmitted abroad, and produced second-generation cases. Although the incidence is low abroad , its trend fluctuates greatly, so sufficient attention must be paid to the possibility of further transmission.","HAN, Minghui; FANG, Hongji; YANG, Dongjian; JIANG, Chenyan; CHEN, Chuanwei; WANG, Heixng","",2020," Narrative review; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"127","Design and preliminary application of regional control and prevention auxiliary information system under the attack of COVID-19 infectious disease","Objective To propose the concept of a novel regional control and prevention (RCP) system for the outbreak of COVID-19 infectious disease, design an emergency epidemic prevention information system based on the existing network architecture and information system in the region, and a remote intelligent medical consultation and remote office platform, research and develop the technology of risk assessment and early warning for people in the region, and improve the regions’prevention and control ability facing emergency of major infectious diseases. Methods Taking colleges, affiliated (teaching) hospitals, and cloud applications as typical RCP regional units, the existing local area network interaction methods between the cloud and universities and affiliated (teaching) hospitals are established to realize remote work in the network environment, remote medical imaging, psychological and ethical consultation and interaction; applying multi-agent propagation model based on complex network, combining Global Positioning System (GPS), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and electronic fence technology, to realize the risk classification and early warning of units and personnel in the area. Results In the RCP, a system architecture combining campus network, affiliated (teaching) hospital intranet, and the Internet is used. Dynamic connection is made using distributed technology and cloud storage. The data buffer mechanism of the intermediary database in the network realized telemedicine consultation and telecommuting. Relying on the platform, multi-agent propagation model based on complex network and cellular automaton model are used to realize the score and early warning of population exposure risk in the region by using GPS, RFID and electronic fence technology. Conclusions In the epidemic phase of major infectious diseases, the construction of RCP can improve the response speed of wartime epidemic prevention, provide reasonable data-based warnings and risk ratings, and reduce the exposure risk of susceptible people. The design and development of RCP is a systematic project that needs to combine regional structural and functional characteristics, and the foundation of the early informatization work in the region and the level of the emergency development team determine the development progress, maintenance, and actual application effects. It is recommended to establish a peacetime and wartime combined RCP mode and incorporate it into the government's disease control system to improve the national and regional level of prevention and control of major infectious diseases.","HAN, Hongbin; CHENG, Yumeng; YANG, Mo; TANG, Zeqing; WANG, Hui; YANG, Shuya; MA, Qingbian; WANG, Daidai; BAI, Yi; HE, Qingyuan; GUO, Kaixin; LIU, Huipo; XUE, Xiaoqi; CHENG, Fangxiao; LI, Xiang; MA, Jun","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"128","Comparison and analysis of the detection performance of six new coronavirus nucleic acid detection reagents","Objective To compare and analyse the detection performance of different 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid detection kits, in order to provide references for laboratory. Methods Six kinds of domestic reagents (A—F reagent) were selected for parallel detection of a series of samples from one patient in this hospital whose 2019-nCoV nucleic acid result was confirmed weakly positive. The samples were taken at three different times, the RNAs were extracted and amplified, and two parallel tests were performed each time by use of these six kits. The detection performance was compared according to the results of each kit. Results The three parallel test results (ORF1ab and N gene) of C and F reagents were positive, the results of D reagent showed the N gene was not detected, and the results of A, B, E reagents showed the ORF1ab gene was not detected sometimes. The reproducibility of in-batch detections by C reagent was the best, and the CT values of F reagents (N and ORF1ab), E reagents (ORF1ab) and A reagents (ORF1ab) showed changes in trend. Conclusion There are differences in the detection ability of six 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection reagents for weakly positive samples, and the accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility of some reagents are not good. There is an urgent need to further optimize and improve their performance in order to better meet the needs of large-scale screening.","GUO, Yuanyuan; WANG, Kun; ZHANG, Yu; ZHANG, Wenjia; WANG, Liying; LIAO, Pu","",2020," Comparative study, RCT; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"129","How to obtain evidence of vertical transmission in viral infected pregnant women: Reflection on COVID-19 epidemic","During the COVID-19 epidemic, there have been many misconceptions concerning vertical transmission between the mother and fetus/baby, which has caused much discussion and controversy. However, there is no strong evidence to indicate that this novel coronavirus could be vertically transmitted from infected mothers to their fetuses/infants. Several easily confused concepts are clarified in this paper, including vertical transmission, intrauterine transmission, mother-to-infant transmission, intrapartum or postpartum transmission. Well-designed protocols and a disciplined research team are essential for both basic and clinical research, in order to contribute to obtaining more scientific evidence for better understanding of the characteristics of this novel coronavirus. Proper handling and disposal of the body fluids and tissue are critical for safety. We highlight the significant value of relevant research, and suggest future research directions, such as investigating the impact of COVID-19 in different trimesters. Furthermore, China has the most experience of treating pregnant women exposed to the COVID-19 virus, and it would be a great service to the rest of the world, for all centers in China to collaborate to report this collective experience.","GAO, Xuelian; ZHOU, Yihua; YANG, Huixia","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"130","High resolution CT findings and clinical features of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Guangzhou","Objective To investigate the initial HRCT manifestations and clinical features of imported novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in Guangzhou. Methods A retrospective analysis of 91 NCP patients admitted to the Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital from January 22 to 30, 2020 was performed including 39 males and 52 females, with a median age of 50 (33-62) years, then their clinical features and HRCT characteristics were analyzed. Results The main clinical presentations included fever in 70 cases and cough in 57 cases(mainly dry coughin39 cases). The first time HRCT showed that 24 cases with NCP were normal, however other 67 cases were abnormal. The ground glass opacity in the lung on HRCT was found in 65 cases, including 64 cases with dilated blood vessel crossing the lesion, 50 cases with thickened adjacent pleura, and 47 cases with thickening of interstitial septum. The patchy opacity was seen in 42 cases, and no enlarged lymph nodes were observed in all patients. As for the lesion distribution, there were two cases with bilateral diffuse changes, 57 cases with multiple lesions, 8 cases with the lesion in only one lobe. The lesions were mainly located under the pleura area in 46 cases, including 39 cases in the lower lobe and other 7 cases in the upper lobe. And there were 13 cases without characteristic distribution in the lung. Conclusions The initial images of NCP in Guangzhou mainly showed multiple ground glass opacity, which were mostly seen in the subpleural and lower lung fields, most of them with thickened pulmonary interstitium. Guangzhou has a higher proportion of NCP patients with mild and general patients, and some confirmed patients show negative HRCT for the first time. Patients without HRCT changes should be reviewed in a timely manner.","YU, Chengcheng","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"131","Advance in research of beta coronavirus receptors on ocular surface","Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from December 2019 in China. 2019-nCoV which was identified is a kind of beta coronavirus belongs to one of four coronavirus genera. Except 2019-nCoV, two other beta coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are also quite harmful to human beings. 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as SARS-CoV. And dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) or CD26 is the cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The expression of ACE2 was found to have obvious positive expression in human corneal and conjunctival epithelium, and corneal endothelium. DPP4 activity was presented in normal animal conjunctival epithelium and fibroblasts of the subjacent connective tissue. It was also presented in the whole corneal epithelium and tear fluid of animal with severe injured corneas. The two receptors, ACE2 and DPP4, involve in many cellular signaling pathways and pathophysiological processes. Their expression in the cells of ocular surface may be an access route of corona virus in eye, which provides clues to elucidating the pathogenesis of corona virus in the eyeballs.","YIN, Xiaolei; ZHANG, Jinping","",2020," Narrative review; Virology, immunology","WHO",""
"132","Asymptomatic COVID-19 infection in pregnant woman in the third trimester: a case report","We report a case of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection in a pregnant woman in the third trimester with good maternal and infant outcomes. The patient was admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Hefei on February 11, 2020, because of a 'positive novel coronavirus nucleic acid test result for one day' at 38 weeks of gestation. No abnormality was observed during her previous regular prenatal examinations. A throat swab sample was obtained from the patient four days before admission due to the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection in her husband and sister on the 14 th and 7 th day before her admission, and the new coronavirus nucleic acid test showed positive. The patient reported no discomfort before admission. Chest CT on the 3 rd after admission showed a small amount of bilateral pleural effusion. Irregular contractions occurred three days after admission and labor was considered to be imminent. An emergency cesarean section was performed and the patient delivered a live baby girl. No tests were performed on amniotic fluid, cord blood or placenta for new coronavirus nuclei acid. The patient was isolated from the infant without breastfeeding after surgery. All medical staff involved in the cesarean section were isolated after surgery. Neonatal peripheral blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for the new coronavirus nucleic acid tests on the day of birth and one day of age respectively, and nasopharyngeal swabs and anal suabs were taken at nine days after birth. All test results were negative. The patient recovered well after surgery with stable vital signs. Chest CT on the 8 th after operation showed a small amount of bilateral pleural effusion, while the new coronavirus nucleic acid test results of the pharyngeal swabs were positive on the 11 th and 12 th day after operation. The throat swabs of all medical staff involved in the operation were negative 14 days after the operation. The mother and baby were discharged 14 days after the Cesarean section.","YAO, Li","",2020," Case study/series; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"133","Use Stones from Another Mountain to Polish Ones Jade: Learn from MERS Studies toexplore potential mechanisms underlying the effect of diabetes mellitus on COVID-19","Epidemiology studies suggest that comorbid diabetes may have negative impact on the progression and severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which first occurred in Wuhan. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. A recent study on another type of coronavirus infection, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), investigated its relationship with diabetes. This essay aims to give a brief introduction to this report and related studies, and to propose suggestions on what we can learn from these investigations to conduct further studies on the potential mechanisms underlying the effect of diabetes mellitus on COVID-19.","YANG, Sijue","",2020," Narrative review; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"134","Prevalence of novel coronavirus pneumonia in the early stage of transmission and responding strategies in Japan","Novel coronavirus pneumonia disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 began to emerge in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019. It is currently spreading globally including Japan. The COVID-19 case in Japan began to appear in middle January 2020 and continued to increase over time. The period from middle January to the end of February is considered to be the initial stage of domestic transmission in Japan. This article described the spread of 935 COVID-19 cases related to Japan by the end of February 2020, including the 15 infected Japanese returned from Wuhan, the 696 infected individuals in the large-scale cruise ship 'Diamond Princess' and the 224 infected individuals in Japan. This paper summarizes the measures to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Japan, such as limiting RT-PCR detection for SARS-CoV-2, reducing the number of patients with mild illness who go to medical institutions unnecessarily, formulating guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 infection consultation, canceling large gatherings and temporarily closing schools. This paper further points out the problems encountered in the prevention and control of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Japan, such as the slow detection of RT-PCR, the risk of infection faced by medical staff, the regional differences in the domestic health care service system, the confusion of information disclosure and management. The above introduction as allows us to acquire a better understanding of the new coronavirus pneumonia in Japan and the world and may provide reference for the control the epidemic of COVID-19 in worldwide.","WANG, Ji wei; TANIMOTO, Tetsuya; ZHAO, Tian chen; TSUDA, Kenji; YAMASHITA, Erika; KAMI, Masahiro; JIANG, Qing wu","",2020," Narrative review; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"135","Cross-sectional prevalence study of MERS-CoV in local and imported dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia, 2016-2018 | Directory of Open Access Journals","The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an endemic virus in Middle Eastern and African dromedaries. Annually, Saudi Arabia imports thousands of camels from the Horn of Africa, yet the epidemiology of the virus in these animals is largely unknown. Here, MERS-CoV prevalence was compared in imported African camels and their local counterparts. A total of 1399 paired sera and nasal swabs were collected between 2016 and 2018 from camels from Sudan (n = 829), Djibouti (n = 328) and Jeddah (n = 242). Imported animals were sampled on incoming ships at Jeddah Islamic seaport before unloading. Samples were screened for neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and MERS-CoV viral RNA by RT-PCR. The overall seroprevalence was 92.7% and RNA detection rate was 17.2 %. Imported camels had higher seroprevalence compared to resident herds (93.8% vs 87.6%, p < 0.01) in contrast to RNA detection (13.3% vs 35.5%, p < 0.0001). Seroprevalence significantly increased with age (p < 0.0001) and viral RNA detection rate was ~2-folds in camels < 2-year-old compared to older camels. RNA detection was higher in males verses females (24.3% vs 12.6%, p < 0.0001) but seroprevalence was similar. Concurrent positivity for viral RNA and nAbs was found in > 87 % of the RNA positive animals, increased with age and was sex-dependent. Importantly, reduced viral RNA load was positively correlated with nAb titers. Our data confirm MERS-CoV widespread in imported and domestic camels in Saudi Arabia and highlight the need for continuous active surveillance and better prevention measures. Further studies are also warranted to understand the correlates of protection in camels for proper vaccine development.","Tolah, A.; Masaudi, S. Al; El-Kafrawy, S.; Mirza, A.; Harakeh, S.; Hassan, A.; Alzahrani, A.; Alsaaidi, G.; Alagaili, A.; Hashem, A.; Azhar, E.","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"136","Bibliometric analysis of PubMed literature on Coronavirus Disease 2019","Objective To systematically analyze the distribution of research hotspots related to the COVID, provide reference for future scientific research. Methods Relevant literatures collected by PubMed database since December 1, 2019 were retrieved, the key information related to literatures was extracted and analyzed, and the wordcloud2 package of R software was used for word frequency analysis. Results A total number of 194 valid papers were obtained, which published in 81 journals. Most papers was published in early February 2020, and a maximum of 24 papers were published in a single day. 167 papers (86.08%) were written in English. These papers included case reports, expert opinions, guidelines, articles, reviews, communications and other forms, and the subjects included epidemiology, prevention and control, virology, diagnosis and treatment, pathology and etiology, vaccines and drugs, epidemic prediction models, and bioinformatics analysis. The proportion of article in English literatures was higher than that in Chinese literatures ( P =0.005). Among them, 91 papers (46.9%) were independently completed by the Chinese researchers, 15 papers (7.7%) were completed by the Chinese and foreign researchers, and 88 papers (45.4%) were completed by foreign researchers. Conclusions At present, the researches on the new coronavirus pneumonia mainly focus on virology and epidemiology, but lack of relevant research results such as treatment and prognosis.","TAO, Liyuan; NI, Qianyang; LIU, Jue; LIU, Min","",2020," Narrative review; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"137","Prediction modeling with data fusion and prevention strategy analysis for the COVID-19 outbreak","Since December 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan has spread rapidly due to population movement during the Spring Festival holidays. Since January 23rd, 2020, the strategies of containment and contact tracing followed by quarantine and isolation has been implemented extensively in mainland China, and the rates of detection and confirmation have been continuously increased, which have effectively suppressed the rapid spread of the epidemic. In the early stage of the outbreak of COVID-19, it is of great practical significance to analyze the transmission risk of the epidemic and evaluate the effectiveness and timeliness of prevention and control strategies by using mathematical models and combining with a small amount of real-time updated multi-source data. On the basis of our previous research, we systematically introduce how to establish the transmission dynamic models in line with current Chinese prevention and control strategies step by step, according to the different epidemic stages and the improvement of the data. By summarized our modelling and assessing ideas, the model formulations vary from autonomous to non-autonomous dynamic systems, the risk assessment index changes from the basic regeneration number to the effective regeneration number, and the epidemic development and assessment evolve from the early SEIHR transmission model-based dynamics to the recent dynamics which are mainly associated with the variation of the isolated and suspected population sizes.","TANG, Sanyi; XIAO, Yanni; PENG, Zhihang; SHEN, Hongbing","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"138","Cardiac manifestations of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and related treatment recommendations","","TAN, Zhaochong; FU, Linghua; WANG, Dandan; HONG, Kui","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"139","COVID-19, A Clinical Syndrome Manifesting as Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis","","Song, Young Goo; Shin, Hyoung Shik","",2020," Normative guidance; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"140","Implementation of radiotherapy in a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang province during the epidemic of COVID-19","Objective To explore the clinical practice of delivering radiotherapy during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19). Methods During this epidemic period, available methods including but not limited to: strict disinfection, body temperature monitoring, learning relevant knowledge by all staffs to ensure the safety of radiotherapy treatment. Relevant data including proportion of radiotherapy, time from scanning to the first time of radiation delivery and degree of satisfaction in the view of staffs and patients, respectively. Results A total of 60 patients received radiation therapy in the department of radiotherapy of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (2020-02-11). Compared with the same period in 2019 (after the Spring Festival), the total number of patients receiving radiotherapy was decreased from 72 to 60(83.3%). Among them, the number of patients receiving palliative radiation therapy decreased significantly, while the proportion of radical, preoperative and/or postoperative radiotherapy/radiochemotherapy did not significantly decrease. There was significant difference between different years ( χ 2 =6.967, P <0.05). The median time for newly admitted patients to receive radiotherapy was two days, which was not significantly longer than the interval in 2019 ( P >0.05). Staffs and patients were generally satisfied with the current prevention measures. Conclusions Using a variety of prevention and control methods, and taking full account of medical safety and patient benefits, radiation-related activities can be carried out during the epidemic.","SONG, Tao","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"141","Countermeasures and treatment for aortic acute syndrome with novel coronavirus pneumonia","<p><b></b>The novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has cost a great loss to the health and economic property of Chines people. Under such a special circumstance, how to deal with such patients with acute aortic syndrome has become a serious challenge. Rapid diagnosis of concomitant NCP, safe and effective transportation, implementation of the interventional procedure, protection of vascular surgical team and postoperative management and follow-up of such patients have become urgent problems for us. Combined with the latest novel government documents, the literature and the experiences from Wuhan, we answered the above questions briefly and plainly. It also hopes to inspire the national vascular surgeons to manage critical emergencies in vascular surgery and even routine vascular diseases with NCP, as a final point to limit the severe epidemic situation, and minimize the damage of NCP.</p>","Si, Yi; Sun, Xiaofan; Zhong, Ming; Yue, Jianing; Fu, Weiguo","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"142","Expressions of multiple inflammation markers in the patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia and their clinical values","Objective To explore the Expressions of multiple inflammation markers in the patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) and their clinical values, and to provide theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 164 patients, diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital from January to February 2020, were selected as the research group and divided into three groups (ordinary, severe, and critically severe pneumonia) according to the disease severity. Meandwhile 66 non-infected patients during the same period were selected as negative control group. The expressions of WBC, LYM, CRP, SAA, and PCT were retrospective studied and compared between groups. The diagnostic values of WBC, CRP, SAA and the combination of these three markers in all patients with COVID-19 and in different severity groups were analyzed by ROC curve. Results Compared with control group (WBC count :8.13(6.51,9.42)×10 9 /L, LYM count:2.00(1.28,2.43)×10 9 /L), WBC count [4.94(4.05, 6.67) ×10 9 /L] and LYM count [1.33(0.94, 1.96) ×10 9 /L] of COVID-19 patients were significantly reduced ( Z =-7.435, P <0.01; Z =-4.906, P <0.01) . Compared with the control group [CRP: 1.36 (0.57~5.67) mg/ml; SAA:[4.98 (4.80~15.75) mg/mL], CRP [7.93 (2.45~23.98) mg/ml] and SAA [34.13 (4.83~198.40) mg/ml] were increased in research group ( Z =-5.72, P <0.01; Z =-4.166, P <0.01) . PCT in the control group and the research group were 0.100 0(0.030 6~0.100 0)ng/ml and 0.044 5(0.031 6~0.077 0)ng/ml, respectively. There was no statistical difference between two groups ( Z =-1.451, P =0.147) . The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of WBC, CRP and SAA in patients with COVID-19 were 0.814, 0.742, 0.673, respectively ( P <0.01), while the AUC of the combination of three indexes for COVID-19 diagnosis was 0.882, with 83.33%(55/66) specificity and 84.76% (139/164) sensitivity, P <0.01.The AUCs of WBC, CRP, and SAA for predicting severe and critically severe COVID-19 were 0.799, 0.779, and 0.886 , respectively ( P <0.01), and the AUC of the combination of three indexes for the diagnosis of severe and critically severe COVID-19 was 0.924, with 78.67% (118/150) specificity and 14/14 sensitivity ( P <0.01). Conclusion Combining detection of WBC, CRP and SAA can improve the specificity and sensitivity of COVID-19 diagnosis, with a high diagnostic value for severe and critically severe COVID-19.","SHI, Yaling","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"143","Epidemiological analysis on a family cluster of COVID-19","Objective To understand the possible transmission route of a family cluster of COVID-19 in Zhengzhou and the potential infectivity of COVID-19 in incubation period, and provide scientific evidence for the timely control of infectious source and curb the spread of the epidemic. Methods Epidemiological investigation was conducted for a family cluster of COVID-19 (8 cases) with descriptive epidemiological method, and respiratory tract samples of the cases were collected for the nucleic acid detection of 2019-nCoV by RT-PCR. Results Two primary cases, which occurred on 31 January and 1 February, 2020, respectively, had a common exposure history in Wuhan. The other six family members had onsets on 30 January, 31 January, 1 February (three cases) and 3 February, 2020. Conclusions In this family cluster of COVID-19, six family members were infected through common family exposure to the 2 primary cases. Five secondary cases had onsets earlier than or on the same day as the primary cases, indicating that COVID-19 is contagious in incubation period, and the home isolation in the early phase of the epidemic might lead to the risk of family cluster of COVID-19.","QIU, Yuanying; WANG, Songqiang; WANG, Xiaoli; LU, Weixia; QIAO, Dan; LI, Jianbin; GU, Yuanyuan; ZENG, Yan; CHEN, Ying; BAI, Weizhi; XU, Bianli; HAN, Tongwu","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"144","Investigation and analysis of the psychological status of the clinical nurses in a class A hospital facing the novel coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To investigate the psychological status of clinical nurses in a class A hospital facing the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), in order to provide effective psychological and social intervention. Methods A total of 867 clinical nurses were randomly selected from the Mianyang Central Hospital. The general information questionnaire, standard self-assessment anxiety scale (SAS) and crisis intervention classification assessment scale (TAF) were used to conduct self-assessment questionnaire survey. Then the data were analyzed by the SPSS22.0 software. Results 38.8% of the nurses had a low risk of infection, 18.0% of them had a medium risk, 29.6% had a medium high risk, and 13.6% had a high risk. The SAS scores of clinical nurses in this hospital were statistically significant different, compared with the Chinese norm value ( P <0.05). The difference between TAF score and the degree of crisis response of nursing students in SARS period was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The majority of clinical nurses had less crisis response to NCP, with 80.7% of them suffered mild cognitive, emotional and behavioral damage, and only 2.0% suffered severe damage. Analysis of related factors showed that department, self-test risk of infection, length of service had significant influence on SAS and TAF scores of clinical nurses ( P <0.05). Conclusion During the period of NCP prevalence, no obvious anxiety and crisis reaction among clinical nurses is found in the third grade hospital. However, the psychological changes of clinical nurses with middle-age, from key epidemic prevention departments and in high risk of self-test infection are more likely to produce anxiety and crisis reaction. Therefore, appropriate and timely psychological intervention should be given.","PU, Jia; LI, Guirong; CAO, Lulu; WU, Yuanchen; XU, Linglin","",2020," Narrative review; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"145","Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 112 cardiovascular disease patients infected by 2019-nCoV","Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV patients combined with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 112 COVID-19 patients with CVD admitted to the western district of Union Hospital in Wuhan, from January 20, 2020 to February 15, 2020. They were divided into critical group (ICU, n =16) and general group ( n =96) according to the severity of the disease and patients were followed up to the clinical endpoint. The observation indicators included total blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), arterial blood gas analysis, myocardial injury markers, coagulation function, liver and kidney function, electrolyte, procalcitonin (PCT), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), blood lipid, pulmonary CT and pathogen detection. Results Compared with the general group, the lymphocyte count (0.74×10 9 (0.34×10 9 , 0.94×10 9 )/L vs. 0.99×10 9 (0.71×10 9 , 1.29×10 9 )/L, P =0.03) was extremely lower in the critical group, CRP (106.98 (81.57, 135.76) mg/L vs. 34.34 (9.55,76.54) mg/L, P <0.001) and PCT (0.20 (0.15,0.48) μg/L vs. 0.11 (0.06,0.20)μg/L, P <0.001) were significantly higher in the critical group. The BMI of the critical group was significantly higher than that of the general group (25.5 (23.0, 27.5) kg/m 2 vs. 22.0 (20.0, 24.0) kg/m 2 , P =0.003). Patients were further divided into non-survivor group (17, 15.18%) group and survivor group (95, 84.82%). Among the non-survivors, there were 88.24% (15/17) patients with BMI> 25 kg/m 2 , which was significantly higher than that of survivors (18.95% (18/95), P <0.001). Compared with the survived patients, oxygenation index (130 (102, 415) vs. 434 (410, 444), P <0.001) was significantly lower and lactic acid (1.70 (1.30, 3.00) mmol/L vs. 1.20 (1.10, 1.60) mmol/L, P <0.001) was significantly higher in the non-survivors. There was no significant difference in the proportion of ACEI/ARB medication between the critical group and the general group or between non-survivors and survivors (all P >0.05). Conclusion COVID-19 patients combined with CVD are associated with a higher risk of mortality. Critical patients are characterized with lower lymphocyte counts. Higher BMI are more often seen in critical patients and non-survivor. ACEI/ARB use does not affect the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 combined with CVD. Aggravating causes of death include fulminant inflammation, lactic acid accumulation and thrombotic events.","PENG, Yudong; MENG, Kai; GUAN, Hongquan; LENG, Liang; ZHU, Ruirui; WANG, Boyuan; HE, Meian; CHENG, Longxian; HUANG, Kai; ZENG, Qiutang","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"146","Retrospective study of low-to-moderate dose glucocorticoids on viral clearance in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To study the effect of low-to-moderate dose glucocorticoid therapy on viral clearance time in patients with COVID-19. Methods A total of 72 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from January 19 to February 17, 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University were recruited. All patients received oral abidol and/or combined lopinavir/ritonavir, darunavir antiviral, and symptomatic supportive care. Among them, 51 patients received methylprednisolone (0.75-1.50 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) (glucocorticoid treatment group), and 21 patients who did not use glucocorticoid were the control group. The time of stable virologic conversion insputumand the time of radiologic recovery in lungsince onset were compared between the two groups and among the normal patients.The Kruskal-Wallis test or Fisher exact test was used to compare the difference between groups. Results The median ages of the glucocorticoid group and the control group were 52 [interquartile range (IQR):45, 62] years and 46 (IQR: 32, 56)years, and the differences were significant ( P <0.05). The clinical conditions at hospital admission were different between the two groups ( P <0.01). There were 52.0% critical ill patients in the glucocorticoid treatment group, compared to that of 71.4% normal patients in the control group. The median times from the onset tostable virologic conversion to negative in the two groups were 15 (IQR:13,20) days and 14 (IQR:12,20) days ( P >0.05), and the difference was no statistically significant. The median times from onset to radiologic recovery were 13 (IQR: 11,15) days and 13 (IQR:12,17) days in the two groups, and there was no difference ( P >0.05). In ordinary patients, the median timesfrom the onset tostable virologic conversion insputum were no difference ( P >0.05), with 13 (IQR:11,18) days in the glucocorticoid group and 13 (IQR:12,15) days in the control group; The median times from onset to radiologic recovery in lungwere also no difference ( P >0.05), with 12 (IQR: 10,15)days in the glucocorticoid group and 13 (IQR: 12,17) days inthe control group. Conclusions Low-to-moderate glucocorticoid treatment has no effect on the time of virus clearance in patients with different clinical types of COVID-19. The glucocorticoid is not recommended since no effectiveness on accelerating the improvement of radiologic recovery in lung has been observed.","NI, Qin","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"147","Biosafety Consensus for 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Clinical Laboratory","With the outbreak and spread of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus pneumonia, laboratory biosafety has become increasingly prominent. The Society of Laboratory Medicine of Chinese Medical Association formulates this guideline with reference to Chinese National Recommendations and relevant documents. From the perspectives of Microbiology, Epidemiology, Case Definition, Safety Principles, Personal Precaution, Specimen Collection, Specimen Transport, Specimen Handling, Analysis, Post-Analysis and Emergencies, this guideline gives recommendations on biosafety precaution and biosafety protection. We hope that it can be practically implemented and continuously improved to ensure laboratory safety.","","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"148","Chinese experts consensus on diagnosis and treatment of severe and critical new coronavirus pneumonia","The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is serious and there is no effective treatment. In order to reduce the fatality rate of severe and critical NCP, experts in the first-line related fields in China were organized to analyze, discuss and summarize the diagnosis and treatment measures of severe NCP patients in Wuhan and other severe disaster areas, and formulate the corresponding expert consensus.","","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"149","Consensus of Chinese experts on pre-examination and triage in outpatient departments of dermatology at the stage of prevention and control of 2019 novel coronavirus infection","The 2019 novel coronavirus infection has brought big challenges to prevention and control of the national epidemic in China. During the fight against the epidemic, how to properly carry out pre-examination and triage for patients with skin lesions and fever has been a practical problem encountered in dermatology hospitals of all grades and in general hospitals with a large number of dermatological outpatient visits. The Chinese Society of Dermatology organized experts to formulate the principles and procedures for pre-examination and triage in outpatient departments of dermatology at the stage of prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection epidemic, so as to guide the current fight against the epidemic.","","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"150","Coronavirus latest: global infections pass 100,000","CORRECTION 31 JANUARY 2020 Updates on the respiratory illness that has infected tens of thousands of people and killed several thousand.","","",2020," Narrative review; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"151","Expert consensus for clinical prevention and treatment of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists","The epidemic of coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19) has presented as a grim and complex situation recently.Novel coronavirus may also involvethe nervous systemother than lung. Therefore, especially patients whosefirst symptoms are nervous system symptomsin the early stage, may easilybe misdiagnosed and their treatment may be delayed. Moreover, these patients are also invisible communicators. In order to help neurologists understand the occurrence, development and outcome of this disease, and be familiar with the relevant prevention and treatment process, wewrite this expert consensus for clinical prevention and treatment of COVID-19for neurologists.","","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"152","Expert consensus on clinical diagnosis and treatment in foot and ankle surgery department during the epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia","The novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) is an acute respiratory tract infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). It is characterized by untypical clinical symptoms, long incubation period, concealment and strong infectivity. Patients usually have no specific symptoms at the early stage, or even have no symptoms, but they are infectious. The main route of the disease is droplet and contact transmission, and there is the possibility of transmission of fecal mouth and gas thrombolysis. In the diagnosis and treatment process of outpatient and inpatient in foot and ankle surgery department, detailed consultation, strict physical examination and full contact with patients are needed, so the risk of cross infection is very high. To prevent and control of cross infection from patient to patient, patient to medical staff, or medical staff to each other, the paper aims to introduce the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative prevention and control program in the process of diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, based on abundant clinical experience of dealing with COVID-19 from medical staffs and evidence-based therapies, many experts discussed sufficiently and eventually reached the expert consensus on clinical diagnosis and treatment in foot and ankle surgery department. It can provide some references for medical staffs to avoid cross infection of COVID-19.","","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"153","Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection with acute kidney injury","COVID-19 is a newly discovered class B infectious disease. It is characterized by virus infected pneumonia, accompanying with dysfunction in multiple organs including kidney, heart, blood, and nerve system. Since its outbreak in China in December 2019, COVID-19 has now spread to more than 20 countries and regions all over the world, and World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it as a public health emergency of international concern. COVID-19, like previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), is also caused by coronavirus infection, and acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the important complications of the disease. Timely prevention and treatment of AKI is critical for patients with COVID-19. Here the Chinese Society of Nephrology organized a group of experts in nephrology to summarize the features of COVID-19 related AKI including epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and more importantly, to propose suggestions on diagnosis and treatment of this highly contagious disease. It is our hope to raise clinical concern about management of AKI so as to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19.","","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"154","Expert consensus on rehabilitation practice during outbreaks of the novel coronavirus pneumonia and other infectious respiratory diseases","The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), an acute infectious respiratory disease in Wuhan, China in December 2019, which was officially named COVID-19 by WHO, has caused enormous burden on society and health services. To ensure safe rehabilitation practice during the epidemic, the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine formed an expert group to develop a consensus statement for rehabilitation practice. The consensus statement provides guidance on: (1) safeguarding medical staff, patients, caregivers and visitors; and (2) timing and methods of effective rehabilitation interventions for treatment of COVID-19 patients. It also emphasizes that non-COVID-19 patients still require rehabilitation intervention during the epidemic outbreak, bearing in mind the safety of staff and patients and making adaptations according to the individual conditions and the patients′ actual environment. This expert consensus statement applies to departments of rehabilitation medicine and related disciplines in general hospitals as well as to specialized rehabilitation facilities, and it provides valuable reference for rehabilitation professionals working with infectious respiratory diseases in the future.","","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"155","Expert consensus on the safety prevention and control of nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment during the outbreak of COVID-19 (1st edition)","In December 2019, an infectious disease caused by a new type of coronavirus infection was prevalent in Wuhan and across the country. On January 20, 2020, the National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China issued No. 1 Announcement, which incorporated the novel coronavirus pneumonia into the Class B infectious diseases according to the Law on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, but the disease should be adopted the management of Class A infectious diseases. In order to effectively control the source of infection, cut off the transmission route, protect the susceptible population, ensure the medical quality and medical safety, effectively perform epidemic prevention and control, comprehensively guarantee the life safety and physical health of medical staff, patients and family members, it is very important to organize and carry out nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment scientifically and safely. According to the national prevention and control policy, Chinese Society of Nuclear Medicine and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging organized professionals to formulate the expert consensus on the safety protection process of nuclear medicine imaging and nuclide therapy during the period of new coronavirus infection.","","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"156","Health protection guideline of conference designated hotel during the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP) outbreak","This guideline stipulates the management requirements, personal protection and comprehensive security of conference designated hotels. It is applicable to the unified standard prevention and control of conference designated hotels during the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak.","","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"157","Health protection guideline of enterprises during the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) outbreak","This guideline is applicable to the disinfection and personal protection measures for enterprise employees from perspetives of taking the commuter shuttles, having meals, and office life during the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak.","","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"158","Health protection guideline of hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts during the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP)outbreak","This guideline stipulates the health protection requirements for hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts during the novel coronavirus pneumoniaoutbreak, including requirements for hotels, personal health protection, and management. It is applicable to hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts, such as general hotels, conference center, sanitariums, etc.","","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"159","Health protection guideline of public transport during the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP) outbreak","This guideline is applicable to the infection prevention and control of staffs and travelers on public transport during the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak.","","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"160","Health protection guideline of schools and other educational institutions during the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP)outbreak","This guideline stipulates the management requirements, on-site hygiene operation, personal protection and comprehensive security of schools and other educational institutions. It is applicable to the unified standard prevention and control of schools and other educational institutions during the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak.","","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"161","Management scheme for infection control and radiological protection in diagnostic radiology examination of novel coronavirus pneumonia","Since the epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia broke out, diagnostic imaging was providing valuable radiological support for disease diagnosis and progress evaluation. Radiological staff, especially radiographers were staying at the front line of epidemic prevention and control. They were facing the patients directly with dual responsibility and pressure of infection control protection and radiation protection. A number of relevant professional experts established the consensus which clarified three parts of detailed implementing rules including infection control and protection of the radiological staff, disinfection of diagnostic radiology equipment and place, radiological protection. The aim was to further standardize the clinical procedures of radiological staff, reduce the infection risk and the radiation risk of medical staff and patients.","","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"162","Proposed management of 2019-novel coronavirus infection during pregnancy and puerperium","The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has spread throughout China since the first case was identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, in December 2019. According to previous knowledge and experience, women during pregnancy and puerperium are a vulnerable population due to physiological changes in their immune and cardiopulmonary system, so making them more susceptible to viral infections. Based on the latest 2019-nCoV national management plan, we propose this detailed plan of care to provide better prevention and management of 2019-nCoV infection in women during pregnancy and the puerperium.","","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"163","Proposed prevention and control of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in neonates","Following an outbreak of pneumonia caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) which has spread in China, the National Health Commission of China issued public health policies and implemented interventions for control and prevention of the epidemic. Given that the maternal-fetus vertical transmission caused by 2019-nCoV is still unidentified, as a special population, neonates need a targeted clinical management. This detailed plan of care is proposed to provide better prevention and control of neonatal 2019-nCoV infection.","","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"164","Protection and control procedures for novel coronavirus infection during nuclear medicine imaging examinations in non-designated hospitals for novel coronavirus pneumonia","Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP named as COVID-19 internationally) is a kind of highly infectious disease. To take the non-designated hospitals for novel coronavirus pneumonia as the example, based on the characteristics of novel coronavirus, the infection factors involved in nuclear medical imaging examinations were analyzed in this paper, and proposals were put forward to improve the protection and control in the following seven aspects, including the examinees, the staff, the workplace, the instruments, the disposal of medical waste, and the medical supply, and procedures. It is expected to prevent the patients and staff from the infection of NCP during nuclear medicine imaging examinations.","","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"165","Recommendation for emergency procedures of novel coronavirus infection /pneumonia in children","Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus infection has occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, and the epidemic situation has spread to all parts of the country and other countries. The proportion of children patients is small, and patients are distributed at different ages. It is common in children with fever and frequent respiratory infections, which bring many difficulties to early recognition and effective identification of the disease. The emergency department is a window for children patients, and the emergency process is especially important. The emergency branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Pediatric Branch of the Chinese Medical Association have formulated the emergency procedure for children with noval coronavirus infection / pneumonia for reference.","","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"166","Recommendations for clinical management of children and adolescents with chronic heart failure during the epidemic period of novel coronavirus pnuemonia","The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019 has spread to all parts of the country.Epidemiology showed that the population is generally susceptible to the virus, and the number of infected children and adolescents has been increasing.Children and adolescents with chronic heart failure have poor physical fitness, and there are great challenges to the diagnosis and treatment for these patients with 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infection.Based on the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and the key points of management of chronic heart failure in children and adolescents, we suggested the clinical management recommendations for 2019-nCoV infection in children and adolescents with chronic heart failure.","","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"167","Syndromic Surveillance System for MERS-CoV as New Early Warning and Identification Approach | Directory of Open Access Journals","The authors have advised that the date shown on page 93, main text, line 5 23.09.2017 to 26.07.2019 should read 23.09.2012 to 26.07.2019. The authors apologize for this error.","","",2020,"Epidemiology; Infection prevention and control; Other related diseases and viruses","WHO",""
"168","Technical guideline for disinfection of wastewater and wastes of medical organizations during the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP)outbreak","This technical guideline is applicable to disinfection of wastewater and wastes of medical organizations during the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) outbreak. The purpose of the guideline is to eliminate various pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses, effectively block the virus transmission pathways, and guide medical organizations to carry out the prevention and control of NCP.","","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"169","Epidemic trend of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China","Objective In order to master the epidemic trend of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and evaluate the effect of prevention and control, we evaluate the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in mainland China, Hubei province, Wuhan city and other provinces outside Hubei from January 16 to February 14, 2020. Methods We collected the daily number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases by nucleic acid detection reported by the National Health Commission from January 16, 2020 to February 14, 2020. The analysis includes the epidemic curve of the new confirmed cases, multiple of the new confirmed cases for period-over-period, multiple of the new confirmed cases for fixed-base, and the period-over-period growth rate of the new confirmed cases. Results From January 16 to February 14, 2020, the cumulative number of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in mainland China was 50 031, including 37 930 in Hubei province, 22 883 in Wuhan city and 12 101 in other provinces outside Hubei. The peak of the number of new confirmed cases in other provinces outside Hubei was from January 31 to February 4, 2020, and the peak of new confirmed cases in Wuhan city and Hubei province was from February 5 to February 9, 2020. The number of new confirmed cases in other provinces outside Hubei showed a significant decline (23% compared with the peak) from February 5 to February 9, 2020, while the number of new confirmed cases in Wuhan city (30% compared with the peak) and Hubei Province (37% compared with the peak) decreased significantly from February 10 to February 14, 2020. Conclusion The epidemic prevention and control measures taken by the state and governments at all levels have shown very significant effects, effectively curbing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic in China.","ZHU, Zhengbao","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"170","Operating room management strategy for orthopedic patients in Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University during epidemic of corona virus disease 2019","In December 2019, the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Although the number of newly confirmed COVID-19 cases in provinces outside of Hubei Province has declined continuously since February 4, the epidemic of COVID-19 remains serious. As companies resume work, it is still inevitable that some high-energy orthopedic trauma patients and elderly patients with low-energy fractures will need surgical treatment. The operating room, as a place for close contact between doctors, patients and nurses, increases the risk of infection and transmission. Based on the current needs of orthopedic trauma patients and the situation of the country's resistance to the epidemic of COVID-19, the authors expound the operating room management, preparation of medical materials, transfer of patients needing surgery, intraoperative protection and post-operative end disinfection in Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University so as to provide reference for prevention and control management of the operating room during the epidemic period.","YANG, Shuhong; HU, Fang; JIA, Shichao; LI, Xiuting; YIN, Yingchao; ZHU, Yanbin; ZHANG, Yingze","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"171","Analysis on the epidemic factors for the Corona Virus Disease","Since December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) , an emerging infection disease occurred in Wuhan, has spread in the mainland China. The epidemic factors on the basis of knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 were discussed in this paper. This puts a lot of pressure on clinical resources and care. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel corona virus, the onset of COVID-19 is slow, and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear and may lead to multiple organ damage. These put a lot of pressure on clinical resources and care. Source of infection including the patients, asymptomatic carrier and patients in the incubation period are contagious. It is difficult to control source of infection. Routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission are diversified and the main routes of transmission for COVID-19 are droplet transmission and close contact transmission. All population have susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Social factors such population movements and aggregation accelerated the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The Chinese government’s adopted measures are positive and effective, and are accepted by the expert group from the World Health Organization. However, it will be a long-term hard work in the future to seriously summarize and think deeply to achieve public health security in China.","YANG, Haiyan","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"172","Experience in prevention and control of COVID-19 in tramatological and microsurgical wards","Objective To report our experience in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the tramatological and microsurgical wards. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of the COVID-19 infections in the 51 medical staff and patients from 31 December, 2019 to 14 February, 2020 at Department of Traumatology and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital. The prevention and control measures were upgraded after 20 January, 2020 to address the serious epidemic situation, including preventive disinfection, terminal disinfection and personnel disinfection in wards, management of emergency patients, inpatients and patients suspected of COVID-19 infection, and training, management and psychological intervention of medical staff. The outcomes resulting from different prevention and control measures before and after 20 January, 2020 were compared. Results From 31 December, 2019 to 20 January, 2020, there were altogether 3 cases of definite COVID-19 infection and 2 ones of suspected COVID-19 infection at the department. One doctor, one technician and one nurse were diagnosed as definite COVID-19 infection while one nurse and one patient as suspected COVID-19 infection. The 4 medical staff members infected were cured and discharged before 14 February, 2020 but unfortunately the one patient infected died. After the prevention and control measures for COVID-19 infection had been upgraded since 20 January, 2020, 12 out of the 29 emergency patients at our wards had fever (body temperature ≥37.3℃) but none COVID-19 infection. All the 47 medical staff on duty at the department got trained and none of them was infected by COVID-19 or suffered from mental disorder. Conclusion In the epidemic of COVID-19, as our prevention and control measures for COVID-19 infection were adjusted and upgraded in response to the changing epidemic situation, they eliminated nosocomial infection scientifically and effectively and ensured life safety of the medical staff and patients at the department.","YANG, Fan","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"173","Discussion on the design of special CT room for epidemic prevention in fever clinic to deal with COVID-19","Objective New infectious diseases have become a global problem that seriously threatens human life and health and social development, which greatly increases the demand of CT examination for outpatients with fever. Through the discussion of the examination room design of the special CT for epidemic prevention, it can provide reference for medical institutions and reduce cross infection. Methods Based on the requirements of CT equipment installation and environment, combined with the special requirements of epidemic prevention in fever clinic, the paper analyzed the location of examination room, room layout, site construction method, air purification and disinfection, intelligent image aided diagnosis of special CT for epidemic prevention, and put forward the design scheme. Results Through the detailed analysis of the key points of engineering technology and the requirements of infection prevention and control of CT examination room, the design scheme of the examination room was given. Conclusions The establishment of special CT for epidemic prevention can meet the needs of clinical examination and effectively reduce cross infection. The design scheme given in this paper has certain reference value and can provide effective help for medical institution.","XUE, Xiaoqi; LU, Jiabin; PI, Jincai; TIAN, Jin; XU, Feng","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"174","Surgical management strategies for orthopedic trauma patients under epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia","With the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) induced by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, Hubei Province in December 2019, more and more suspected or confirmed cases have been found in various regions of China. Although China has adopted unprecedented strict quarantine and closed management measures to prevent the spreading of the disease, Department of Traumatic Orthopedics may still have to manage NCP patients with open fractures or severe trauma that require emergency surgery. Therefore, the identification and management of 2019-nCoV infection as soon as possible as well as the protection of all medical staff involved in the emergency treatment of patients are the severe challenges faced by orthopedic traumatologists during the prevention and control of NCP. Based on the characteristics of such patients and related diagnosis and treatment experiences during the epidemic of NCP, the authors formulate the surgical management strategies for orthopedic trauma patients.","XUE, Hang; CAO, Faqi; LI, Hui; ZHOU, Wu; MI, Bobin; LIU, Mengfei; LIU, Jing; XIA, Tian; XIONG, Liming; CHEN, Ming; WANG, Junwen; HOU, Zhiyong; ZHANG, Yingze; LIU, Guohui","",2020," Normative guidance; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"175","The diagnostic value of joint detection of serum IgMand IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV in 2019-nCoV infection","Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G(IgG) antibodies to 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in 2019-nCoV infection. Method This is a retrospective study. Serum samples were collected from 284 patients including outpatients and inpatients in the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 20, 2020 to February 17, 2020. Among them 205 cases were 2019-nCoV infected patients, including 186 cases confirmed with nucleic acid test and 19 cases diagnosed by clinical symptoms and CT characteristics according to 'the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Control Protocol (5th edition)' . A total of 79 subjects with other diseases but negative to 2019-nCoV infection were recruited as control group. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV were measured with fully automated immunoassay technology for all subjects. Statistical significance between 2019-nCoV antibodies test and 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test was determined using the χ 2 tests. Result The sensitivity of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV were 70.24%(144/205) and 96.10%(197/205) respectively and the specificity were 96.20%(76/79) and 92.41%(73/79) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of 2019-nCoV antibodies were 95.63%(197/206) and 91.03% (71/78) respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test were 100%(186/186) and 80.61%(79/98) respectively. The total coincidence rate of diagnosing 2019-nCoV infection between antibody tests and nucleic acid test for 2019-nCoV were 88.03%(250/284). Conclusion Joint detection of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV is an effective screening and diagnostic indicators for 2019-nCoV infection, and an effective complement to the false negative results to nucleic acid test.","XU, Wanzhou; LI, Juan; HE, Xiaoyun; ZHANG, Caiqing; MEI, Siqing; LI, Congrong; LI, Yan; CHENG, Shaohua; ZHANG, Pingan","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"176","Suggestions for prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in otolaryngology head and neck surgery medical staff","<p><b></b>The epidemic of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has presented as a grim and complex situation recently. More than 11,000 cases of 2019-nCoV infection has been confirmed in China until February 1st 2020, which are causing great impact to economy and society, and seriously interfering with ordinary medical practice of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. This advice guideline discusses the medical protection measures required in the outpatient clinic as well as in operation ward in otolaryngology head and neck department, which aims to protect medical staff from 2019-nCoV infection.</p>","Xu, Kai; Lai, Xiaoquan; Liu, Zheng","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"177","Discussions on the emergency medical procedure of children's hospitals against COVID-19 epidemic","December 2019 witnessed the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, which has soon spread nationwide and across national borders, posting a menacing pandemic threat. Children are themselves highly susceptible infectious diseases in normal times not to mention an epidemic period. Coupled with the high incidence of seasonal influenza, it is imperative to strengthen epidemiological screening of children, along with effective isolation, treatment, prevention and control measures. In view of specifics of the hospital, the authors proposed to further improve the medical emergency procedure, strictly enforcing screening and isolation regulations, and standardizing medical procedure. They also proposed scientific layout and use of the infection wards. These measures are designed to control the epidemic and protect the safety of medical staff.","XU, Hongzhen","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"178","Investigation and analysis on characteristics of a cluster of COVID-19 associated with exposure in a department store in Tianjin","Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster of COVID-19 cases reported in Baodi district of Tianjin as of 18 February, 2020, which might be associated with the exposure in a local department store, and provide suggestions for prevention and control strategy development. Methods The basic characteristics, time and area distributions, clinical manifestations, epidemiological history and transmission mode of the COVID-19 cases associated with the department store exposure were analyzed. Results A total of 40 COVID-19 cases were associated with the department store exposure, accounting for 75.47% of the total confirmed cases (53 cases) reported in Baodi district. The cases were mainly at the age of 60 years or older (35.00%) and farmers (40.00%). The main clinical manifestations included fever (95.00%), cough (35.00%), and diarrhea (15.00%). The proportion of confirmed severe cases was 32.50%. The incidence curve showed that the incidence peak occurred on 31 January, 2020. Among the 40 cases, 6(15.00%) were department store employees, 19(47.50%) were customers and 15(37.50%) were close contacts (secondary cases). The first case occurred on 21 January, 2020, this case was a department store employee who had a purchasing history at whole sale markets in other provinces and cities before the onset, and 3 employees were still on duty after symptom onsets. The median of the incubation period of customer cases was 6 days, and the median of the interval between onset and medical treatment of customer cases was 7 days. Conclusion This was a cluster epidemic of COVID-19, which might be associated with the exposure in the department store. By now, the current prevention and control measures have achieved satisfied effects.","WU, Weishen; LI, Yonggang; WEI, Zhaofei; ZHOU, Penghui; LYU, Likun; ZHANG, Guoping; ZHAO, Ying; HE, Haiyan; LI, Xiaoyan; GAO, Lu; ZHANG, Xiumei; LIU, Hui; ZHOU, Ning; GUO, Yan; ZHANG, Xiaomeng; ZHANG, Dan; LIU, Jing; ZHANG, Ying","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"179","Discussion on diagnosis and treatment of hepatobiliary malignancies during the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia","From December 2019, the new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei, and spread rapidly to the nationwide. On January 20, 2020, the National Health Committee classified COVID-19 pneumonia as one of B class infectious diseases and treated it as class A infectious disease. During the epidemic period, the routine diagnosis and treatment of tumor patients was affected with varying degrees. In this special period, we performed the superiority of the multi-disciplinary team of diagnosis and treatment, achieved accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with hepatobiliary malignant tumors, provided support for these patients with limited medical resources, and helped them to survive during the epidemic period.On the basis of fully understanding the new coronavirus pneumonia, the treatment strategy should be changed timely during the epidemic, and more appropriate treatment methods should be adopted to minimize the adverse effect of the epidemic on tumor treatment.","WU, Fan; SONG, Yan; ZENG, Huiying; YE, Feng; RONG, Weiqi; WANG, Liming; WU, Jianxiong","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"180","Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 46 newly-admitted coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Beijing","Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of some cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Beijing. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 46 patients with COVID-19 in Beijing from 20th January 2020 to 8th February 2020 at the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital. Features of clinical symptoms, laboratory inspections and imaging inspections were analyzed. Statistical analysis used Fisher exact test. If P <0.05, post-hoc test was used for pairwise comparison, and the statistics were corrected by Bonferroni test. Results Among the 46 patients included in this study, 27 were male and 19 were female. The age range was between 3 - 79 years old, and the mean age was (41.8 ± 16.3) years old. The average incubation period was (4.85 ± 3.00) days. A total of 26 cases (56.5%) were clustered patients, and 12 (26.1%), 23 (50.0%) and 11 patients (23.9%)were assigned to the mild group, common group, and sever group, respectively. Fever (39.8%), cough (27.6%), and fatigue (25.3%) was the main clinical symptom for these patients. The decrease in white blood cell counts occurred in 12 patients, four had the decrease in T lymphocyte counts, 17 had the decrease in CD4 + T lymphocyte counts, seven had the decrease in CD8 + T lymphocyte counts, 21 had the increase level of C-reactive protein (45.7%), and IL-6 level increased in 32 cases (69.6%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased in 20 cases(50.0%), serum ferritin level increased in 26 cases (56.5%), and blood lactate level increased in nine cases. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of cases in which the absolute value of T lymphocytes and of CD8 + T lymphocytes decreased among the mild, common and severe groups (all P <0.05). Comparing the number of cases in the three groups with elevated C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum ferritin and blood lactate levels, the differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05). The number of cases with elevated C-reactive protein levels was higher in severe group than that in mild and common group. The number of cases with elevated interleukin-6, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and serum ferritin levels were higher in severe group than in mild group. The number of cases with elevated blood lactic acid levels was higher in severe group than in mild group. The differences between the above groups were statistically significant (both adjusted P <0.017). Analysis of chest X-rays showed that 34 patients (73.9%) had inflammation in the lungs. Conclusions The epidemiological characteristics of cases with COVID-19 in Beijing are mainly imported cases and clustered cases. The clinical manifestations are mainly fever , fatigue and cough. C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, red blood cell sedimentation rate, serum ferritin and blood lactate levels are higher in severe patients.","WEN, Ke; LI, Wengang; ZHANG, Dawei; ZHANG, Aimin; ZHANG, Tao; ZHAO, Peng; QIN, Enqiang","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"181","Myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia","","WEI, Zhiyao; QIAN, Haiyan","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"182","Fitting and forecasting the trend of COVID-19 by SEIR + CAQ dynamic model","Objectives Fitting and forecasting the trend of COVID-19 epidemics. Methods Based on SEIR dynamic model, considering the COVID-19 transmission mechanism, infection spectrum and prevention and control procedures, we developed SEIR + CAQ dynamic model to fit the frequencies of laboratory confirmed cases obtained from the government official websites. The data from January 20, 2020 to February 7, 2020 were used to fit the model, while the left data between February 8-12 were used to evaluate the quality of forecasting. Results According to the cumulative number of confirmed cases between January 29 to February 7, the fitting bias of SEIR + CAQ model for overall China (except for cases of Hubei province), Hubei province (except for cases of Wuhan city) and Wuhan city was less than 5%. For the data of subsequent 5 days between February 8 to 12, which were not included in the model fitting, the prediction biases were less than 10%. Regardless of the cases diagnosed by clinical examines, the numbers of daily emerging cases of China (Hubei province not included), Hubei Province (Wuhan city not included) and Wuhan city reached the peak in the early February. Under the current strength of prevention and control, the total number of laboratory- confirmed cases in overall China will reach 80 417 till February 29, 2020, respectively. Conclusions The proposed SEIR + CAQ dynamic model fits and forecasts the trend of novel coronavirus pneumonia well and provides evidence for decision making.","WEI, Yongyue; LU, Zhenzhen; DU, Zhicheng; ZHANG, Zhijie; ZHAO, Yang; SHEN, Sipeng; WANG, Bo; HAO, Yuantao; CHEN, Feng","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"183","Early antiviral therapy of abidor combined with lopinavir/ritonavir and re-combinant interferona-2b in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Zhejiang: A multicenter and prospective study","Objective Comparing the benefit of Abidor, lopinavir/ritonavir and recombinant interferon α-2b triple combination antiviral therapy and lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon dual combination antiviral therapy to hospitalized novel coronavirus pneumonia 2019 in Zhejiang province. Methods A multi-center prospective study was carried out to compare the effect of triple combination antiviral therapy with dual combination antiviral therapy in 15 medical institutions of Zhejiang Province. All patients were treated with recombinant interferon α-2b (5 million U, 2 times/d) aerosol inhalation. 196 patients were treated with abidol (200 mg, 3 times/d) + lopinavir / ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) as the triple combination antiviral treatment group. 41 patients were treated with lopinavir / ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) as the dual combination antiviral treatment group. The patients who received triple combination antiviral therapy were divided into three groups: within 48 hours, 3-5 days and > 5 days after the symptom onset. To explore the therapeutic effects of triple combination antiviral drugs and dual combination antiviral drugs, as well as triple combination antiviral drugs with different antiviral initiate time. SPSS17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results The time of virus nucleic acid turning negative was (12.2 ± 4.7) days in the triple combination antiviral drug group, which was shorter than that in the dual combination antiviral drug group [(15.0 ± 5.0) days] ( t = 6.159, P < 0.01 ). The length of hospital stay [12 (9, 17) d] in the triple combination antiviral drug group was also shorter than that in the dual combination antiviral drug group [15 (10, 18) d] (H = 2.073, P < 0.05). Comparing the antiviral treatment which was started within 48 hours, 3-5 days and > 5 days after the symptom onset of triple combination antiviral drug group, the time from the symptom onset to the negative of viral shedding was 13 (10,16.8), 17 (13,22) and 21 (18-24) days respectively (Z = 32.983, P < 0.01), and the time from antiviral therapy to the negative of viral shedding was (11.8±3.9) , (13.5±5.1) and (11.2±4.3) d. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant (Z=32.983 and 6.722, P <0.01 or<0.05). Conclusions The triple combination antiviral therapy of Abidor, Lopinavir/Litonavir and recombinant interferon α-2b showed shorter viral shedding time and hospitalization time compared with the dual combination antiviral therapy. The earlier the time to initiate triple antiviral treatment, the shorter the time of virus shedding.","WEI, Runan; ZHENG, Nanhong; JIANG, Xiangao; MA, Chunlian; XU, Xiaowei; LIU, Shourong; CHEN, Yongping; XU, Kaijin; GAO, Hainv; ZHU, Jiansheng; SHU, Qiang; SHENG, Jifang; ZHANG, Xiaoqiang; LI, Minghui; ZHANG, Yan; MA, Mengjie; ZHANG, Xuan; LI, Shibo; WANG, Qiujing; YING, Lingjun; ZHANG, Yongjun; SHI, Yunzhen; FAN, Lingyan; YU, Wanjun; WANG, Huaying; SUN, Dandan; WANG, Xiaodong; SHI, Jichan; CHEN, Yinghu; XIE, Xinsheng; CHEN, Yunqing; WANG, Weihong; TONG, Zhaowei; TANG, Lingling; ZHU, Mengfei; ZHANG, Lingjian; LI, Lanjuan","",2020," Comparative study, RCT; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"184","The application of privacy protection and artificial intelligence technology in the information auxiliary system of the prevention and control of COVID-19","Objective The outbreak of novel coronavirus raised many problems in the auxiliary information system of epidemic prevention and control, which including the need to prevent key data from being illegal modification, traceability, lack of decision support systems at different levels, barriers to cross regional cooperation and low automation of case diagnosis. Methods In this paper, artificial intelligence, security computing supporting privacy protection, block chain and other emerging technologies are introduced into the epidemic prevention and control auxiliary information system. Results This paper discusses how to utilize modern cryptography and block chain technology to establish a traceability system that could assure the security of epidemic information; design a distributed decision support system; solve the privacy-preserving problems of Federated Learning based on SGX technology, and present a group architecture to alleviate the performance cost of SGX. Conclusions The schemes above can help to achieve the security and traceability of epidemic information, also improve the automation and decision-making efficiency of the auxiliary information system for epidemic prevention and control.","WANG, Zhiwei; ZHANG, Yuhui; CAO, Jiangfeng; HOU, Rui; LU, Jiabin","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"185","Opinions on the corona virus disease 2019","The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has drawn much attention lately. It has the characteristics of hidden infection sources, diverse transmission channels, great differences in clinical characteristics and limited diagnostic methods. Additionally, the population is generally susceptible, and no specific medicines are available now, therefore, the prevention and control of the disease faces greater challenges. Mastering the characteristics of it for comprehensive prevention and control is the main strategy against the disease. This article systematically expounded the latest understanding of the disease.","WANG, Yubo; HE, Yong","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"186","Estimating the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China","Objective The number of confirmed and suspected cases of the COVID-19 in Hubei province is still increasing. However, the estimations of the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 varied greatly across studies. The objectives of this study are 1) to estimate the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) of COVID-19 reflecting the infectiousness of the virus and 2) to assess the effectiveness of a range of controlling intervention. Method The reported number of daily confirmed cases from January 17 to February 8, 2020 in Hubei province were collected and used for model fit. Four methods, the exponential growth (EG), maximum likelihood estimation (ML), sequential Bayesian method (SB) and time dependent reproduction numbers (TD), were applied to estimate the R 0 . Result Among the four methods, the EG method fitted the data best. The estimated R 0 was 3.49 (95% CI : 3.42-3.58) by using EG method. The R 0 was estimated to be 2.95 (95% CI : 2.86-3.03) after taking control measures. Conclusion In the early stage of the epidemic, it is appropriate to estimate R 0 using the EG method. Meanwhile, timely and effective control measures were warranted to further reduce the spread of COVID-19.","WANG, Ying; YOU, Xinyi; WANG, Yijing; PENG, Liping; DU, Zhicheng; GILMOUR, Stuart; YONEOKA, Daisuke; GU, Jing; HAO, Chun; HAO, Yuantao; LI, Jinghua","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"187","Preliminary analysis on the incidence trend of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Shanghai","Objective To investigate the epidemical characteristics and analyze the incidence trend of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in Shanghai. Methods The epidemical data on NCP in Shanghai from January 20 to February 3, 2020 were collected for epidemiological descriptive analysis. Results The number of cumulative confirmed and suspected cases increased first and then decreased from January 20 to February 3, with the peak date being January 30 and January 29 respectively. The day-on-day growth rate of the suspected cases and the cumulative confirmed cases declined after January 27. Among the confirmed cases, the proportion of the exposure history of relevant confirmed cases was on the rise. The total number of confirmed cases of the resident population exceeded that of the population from other places to Shanghai, and Pudong new area had the largest number of confirmed cases. Conclusion The incidence of NCP showed a slowdown trend in shanghai, but it also faces the pressure of the peak of population returning to city, which should be paid enough attention to.","WANG, Ying jian; ZHANG, Na; LV, Han lu; ZHOU, Yi biao","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"188","Management of ophthalmic perioperative period during 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak","Objective To explore the perioperative management and infection prevention methods for acute eye diseases during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods Since the COVID-19 was included in the Class B infectious diseases and was managed according to Class A infectious diseases in China, 127 patients who underwent ophthalmic surgery were enrolled at First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University from January 21 to February 19,2020. The perioperative management according to the national epidemic prevention and control requirements was summarized, and the perioperative clinical management that should be taken during the epidemic prevention period were discussed. Results One hundred and twenty-seven patients underwent ophthalmic surgeries, including emergency surgery, daytime surgery and other surgeries for sight-threatening diseases. The methods of anesthesia included general anesthesia, local anesthesia and ocular superficial anesthesia. According to the national epidemic prevention and control requirements, epidemic screening for these patients and infectious managing measures were performed during the perioperative period, including the sterilization of relevant environment and equipments, the personal medical prevention and protection for medical staffs and patients, which made surealltheoperationswent smoothlyand safely. There were no 2019-nCoV infection, surgical-relative infection, crossing infection and operation-related complications occurred. Meanwhile, there were not COVID-19-related infection events of medical staffs. The air sampling compliance rate in the operating room, ward, examination and other areas was 100%. Conclusions During the prevention and control period of the epidemic of COVID-19, strict adherence to the prevention and control measures can effectively ensure the smooth implementation of the operation and the perioperative safety of medical staff and patients.","WANG, Xiaolei","",2020," Case study/series; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"189","Expert recommendations for diabetes with or without COVID-19 management in communities","Since December 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has occurred in China. Higher risk of COVID-19 infection and worse prognosis were observed among patients with diabetes. There are rigorous challenges existing in terms of diabetes prevention and glycemic control in primary medical care during period of COVID-19. Here, expert recommendations were developed by Chinese diabetologists, healthcare providers, and public health administrators to improve the ability of primary health facilities and provide standardized basic public health and medical services throughout country. The main contents include basic requirements for management, workflow of health management, referral, treatment, and long-term follow-up.","WANG, Weiqing; SHAN, Zhongyan; WANG, Guang; GU, Weiqiong; ZHANG, Yifei; LU, Jieli; HU, Ling; KUANG, Jinsong; ZHAO, Dong; DONG, Yin","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"190","Performance of urea-mediated dissociation in reducing false-positive of 2019-nCoV IgM test","Objective To investigate the interference factors causing false-positive result of novel coronavirus IgM antibody (SARS-CoV-2 IgM) detected by gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods A total of 71 serum from different pathogen infections and related chronic diseases patients were collected from the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 25, 2020 to February 15, 2020. GICA and ELISA were used to detect 2019-nCoV IgM in 71 serum, including 5 influenza A virus (Flu A) IgM positive serum, 5 influenza B virus (Flu B) IgM positive serum, 5 Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) IgM positive serum, 5 Legionella pneumophila (LP) IgM positive serum, 29 rheumatoid factor (RF) IgM positive serum, 5 hypertension patients serum, 5 diabetes mellitus patients serum, 6 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection patients serum and 6 Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients serum. The interference factors causing false positive results of the two methods were analyzed, and urea dissociation test was employed to dissociate the 2019-nCoV IgM positive serum using the best dissociation concentration. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS, version 19.0. Result s 2019-nCoV IgM was positive in 18 cases of middle-high level RF-IgM positive serum and 6 cases of 2019-nCoV-infected serum detected by two methods, and the other 47 serum were negative. When the dissociation concentration of urea was 6 mol/L, 2019-nCoV IgM was negative in 17 cases of middle-high level RF-IgM positive serum and positive in 6 cases of 2019-nCoV-infected serum detected by GICA. When the urea dissociation concentration was 4 mol/L, dissociation time was 10 min and the avidity index<0.46 was set as negative, 2019-nCoV IgM was negative in 15 cases of middle-high level RF-IgM positive serum and positive in 6 cases of 2019-nCoV-infected serum detected by ELISA. Conclusion The middle-high level of RF-IgM could cause false positive results of SARS-CoV-2 IgM detected by GICA and ELISA, and the urea dissociation test would be helpful for reducing the probability of false-positive results of SARS-CoV-2 IgM test.","WANG, Qiang","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"191","Analysis of 8 274 cases of new coronavirus nucleic acid detection and co-infection in Wuhan","Objective To investigate the positive rate for 2019-nCoV tests and co-infections in Wuhan district. Methods A total of 8 274 cases in Wuhan were enrolled in this cross-sectional study during January 20 to February 9, 2020, and were tested for 2019-nCoV using fluorescence quantitative PCR. Both respiratory tract samples (nasopharynx, oropharynx, sputum and alveolar lavage fluid) and non-respiratory tract samples (urine, feces, anal swabs, blood and conjunctival sac swabs) were collected. If both orf1ab and N genes are positive, they are classified as nucleic acid test positive group; if both orf1ab and N genes are negative, they are classified as negative group; if single gene target is positive, they are classified as suspicious group. Individuals were divided into male group and female group according to sex. At the same time, 316 patients were tested for 13 respiratory pathogens by multiplex PCR. Results Among the 8 274 subjects, 2 745 (33.2%) were 2019-nCoV infected; 5 277 (63.8%) subjects showed negative results in the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test; and 252 cases (3.05%) was not definitive (inconclusive result). The age of cases with COVID-19 patients and inconclusive cases was significantly higher than that of cases without 2019-nCoV infection (40 vs 56, t =27.569, P <0.001; 52 vs 56, t =6.774, P <0.001). The positive rate of 13 respiratory pathogens multiple tests was significantly lower in 104 subjects who were positive for 2019-nCoV compared with those in subjects who were negative for 2019-nCoV test (5.77% vs 18.39%, χ 2 =24.105, P =0.003). Four types of respiratory tract samples and five types of non-respiratory tract samples were found to be positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test. Conclusion The 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive rate in male is higher than in female. Co-infections should be pay close attention in COVID-19 patients. 2019-nCoV nucleic acid can be detected in non-respiratory tract samples.","WANG, Ming; WU, Qing; XU, Wanzhou; QIAO, Bin; WANG, Jingwei; ZHENG, Hongyun; JIANG, Shupeng; MEI, Junchi; WU, Zegang; DENG, Yayun; ZHOU, Fangyuan; WU, Wei; ZHANG, Yan; LYU, Zhihua; HUANG, Jingtao; GUO, Xiaoqian; CHEN, Zhen; FENG, Lina; XIA, Zunen; LI, Di; LIU, Tiangang; ZHANG, Pingan; TONG, Yongqing; XU, Zhiliang; LI, Yan","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"192","Procedures of health protection and control for COVID-19 during X-ray imaging examinations in Jiangsu province","X-ray imaging is an important method for the diagnosis of corona virus disease(COVID-19), but there is a risk of nosocomial infection during X-ray imaging diagnosis. By analyzing the process of X-ray imaging diagnosis and the possible infection factors in hospital, Jiangsu province took the lead in issuing the Guideline for the nosocomial infection prevention and control of X-ray imaging diagnosis of COVID-19. This guideline clarifies the basic requirements for controlling infections during X-ray imaging diagnosis, the specific measures for staff protection, disinfection of personnel and places, and the protection and disinfection of subjects, which is instructive for field work. It is worth noting that while focusing on controlling infections, the principle of optimal protection for medical exposure cannot be ignored.","WANG, Jin","",2020," Normative guidance; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"193","Clinical analysis of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on one case with living-related kidney transplantation","Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of one living-related kidney transplant recipient infected with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) . Method The clinical diagnosis and treatment of one relative renal transplant recipient after the occurrence of COVID-19 were analyzed retrospectively, including the course of onset, clinical manifestations, blood routine test, renal function, lung CT scan, nucleic acid detection, outpatient and inpatient therapies and outcomes. Result The case was diagnosed as COVID-19 (severe type) with influenza A virus infection. The clinical symptoms were gradually relieved and the lung lesions were absorbed through the treatment of reduce and stop taking immunosuppressant, antiviral therapy of abidol/oseltamivir, prevention of bacterial infection, hormone anti-inflammatory, oxygen inhalation, nutritional support and adequate rest. Conclusion This case present typical characteristics of COVID-19 in epidemiological investigation, clinical manifestation, examination, pulmonary imaging and etiology. After comprehensive treatment including reduce and stop immunosuppressive therapy, clinical cure was achieved. The long-term effect of COVID-19 on this immunosuppressive patient remains follow-up.","LU, Xia; MING, Changsheng; WEN, Zhixiang; QIU, Liru; XU, Shuyun; CHEN, Tao; NING, Qin; LUO, Xiaoping; CHEN, Zhishui; GONG, Nianqiao","",2020,"Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"194","Investigation core emergency response competences of medical staff in public health outbreak of corona virus disease 2019","Objective To investigate the core emergency response capabilities of medical workers for corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency, in order to provide references for improving emergency level. Methods By means of convenient sampling, the general information questionnaire and the medical staff's 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) core emergency capability questionnaire were used to conduct this survey, and the status of 2019-nCoV core emergency capability of 629 clinical medical staff was analysed. Results The score of core emergency response capability of medical staff for 2019-nCoV was (135.60±21.73)points, with a score rate of 73.3%; the score of preventive capability dimension was (11.69±1.96)points, with a score rate of 77.93%; the score of preparation ability dimension was (20.79±4.18)points, and the score rate was 69.30%; the score of rescue ability was (103.11±16.93)points, with a scoring rate of 73.57%. Conclusion The core emergency response capability of medical worker for 2019-nCoV and its dimensions are at a medium level. At the present stage, the training of core knowledge of medical personnel 2019-nCoV should be strengthened, effective measures should be taken to improve the alleviation of weakness in rescue, and the self-psychological adjustment of medical personnel should be strengthened to improve the core emergency response capability of medical worker.","LIU, Zhenfan; DAI, Ping; YAN, Xiaoting; WU, Jijun","",2020," Case study/series; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"195","Chest computed tomography findings and dynamic changes of severe coronavirus disease 2019","Objective To investigate the features of chest CT imaging and dynamic changes of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods The clinical and computed tomography (CT) data of 17 patients diagnosed with severe COVID-19 admitted to Chongqing Public Health Medical Center from January 24 to February 6, 2020 were collected. The first chest CT manifestations and the dynamic changes of imaging during treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Results The first chest CT manifestations of the 17 patients showed that 16 cases presented with peripheral and subpleural distributions, and 2 cases presented with 3 lobes involved, one case with 4 lobes involved and 14 cases with 5 lobes involved, and 17 cases presented with ground-glass opacities, ten cases with consolidation, seven cases with subpleural line, nine cases with air bronchogram, 3 cases with thickened lobular septum, two cases with bronchiectasis, two cases with pleural effusion, two cases with lymphadenopathy with the short diameter of 1.0-1.2cm. Among 16 patients who underwent repeated CT examination, the lesions of 8 patients showed continuous improvement, and those of the other 8 patients showed fluctuating changes. Conclusions The CT findings of severe COVID-19 patients are mainly ground-glass opacities and consolidation, with the peripheral distribution. The range of lesions is wide, with 5-lobe involvement mostly. Lymphadenopathy or pleural effusion is rare. Chest CT is useful for the evaluation for the therapeutic effects.","LIU, Xueyan; TANG, Guangxiao; LI, Chunhua; LU, Yanqiu; YANG, Jia; SHU, Weiqiang; DAI, Xin; LYU, Shengxiu","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"196","Strategies for the development of drugs targeting novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV","<p><b></b> There is no specific drug that has been approved for 2019-nCoV. There are a number of factors that pose major challenges in their development. Approaches to the development of anti-2019-nCoV include screening existing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, repositioning of readily available clinical compounds, and <italic>de novo</italic> development of novel and specific agents for 2019-nCoV. Candidate compounds can be developed either to inhibit virus-based targets, such as RNA proteases, polymerase, spike glycoproteins, and viral envelop and membrane proteins, or to inhibit host-based targets, such as receptors and proteases that are utilized by virus for viral entry and endocytosis. Recently, the RNA polymerase remdesivir had demonstrated clinical efficacy in one patient with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). The broad-spectrum viral protease inhibitor Kaletra<sup>®</sup> is also recommended in the current NCP clinical practice. Both drugs had lately been proceeded into multiple controlled phase III clinical trials to test their safety and efficacy in NCP. Combinational therapies consisting of multiple drugs provide other viable options against 2019-nCoV, based on scientific and clinical rationales. Using bioinformatics and database analysis, we have identified 75 clinically compounds, including 20 marketed compounds, that are efficacious in inhibiting key targets in virus- and host-based approaches, which may facilitate the development of new therapeutic options for 2019-nCoV. </p>","LIU, Qian-yong; WANG, Xiao-liang","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"197","A survey on awareness of digestive system injury caused by corona virus disease 2019 in gastroenterologists","Objective To investigate awareness of digestive system injury caused by corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in gastroenterologists. Methods From February 21 to 23 in 2020, the electronic questionnaire was sent out to explore the condition of the basic knowledge of COVID-19 and knowledge of digestive system injury caused by COVID-19 grasped by gastroenterologists. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 2 216 gastroenterologists from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities nationwide completed the survey. 99.7% (2 209/2 216) of gastroenterologists stated that they had read the COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment guidelines. The percentage of physicians who well knew the diagnostic criteria of suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 was 34.9% (774/2 216) and 39.4% (874/2 216), respectively. The percentage of physician who gave the right answer of COVID-19 detectable methods and lung imaging was 68.4% (1 516/2 216) and 71.6% (1 586/2 216), respectively. The percentage of correct answer of digestive system injury caused by COVID-19 in residents, attending physicians, associate chief physicians and chief physicians was 30.9% (134/433), 33.9% (234/691), 32.4% (213/657) and 34.9% (152/435), respectively, however there were no statistically significant differences among physicians of different level (χ 2 =6.60, P > 0.05). 95.6% (2 119/2 216) of gastroenterologists believed that probiotics could effectively improve bowel function, and 94.0% (2 082/2 216) of gastroenterologists considered that enteral nutrition support could improve patients’ prognosis. Conclusions The knowledge and dynamic progress of the digestive system injury caused of COVID-19 are still insufficiently grasped by gastroenterologists in China. So it is necessary to carry out systematic and pertinent training for them.","LIU, Hui","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"198","Health management of breast cancer patients outside the hospital during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease","The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly. In order to prevent cluster outbreaks, the government strengthened the management and control of personnel mobility, which had a great impact on the examination and treatment of breast cancer patients. This paper discusses how to realize scientific health management of breast cancer patients outside the hospital based on the existing epidemic situation, characteristics of breast cancer patients and public health safety factors. The breast cancer patients should synthetically consider the epidemic prevention situation of inhabitance, the disease stage and previous therapeutic schedule to decide the next therapeutic schedule. If necessary, after professional discussion and communication between doctors and patients online or offline, the hospital visiting time should be delayed through seeking alternative treatment schemes, and psychological counseling for patients should be paid attention to at the same time.","LIU, Binliang","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"199","Paying close attention to diabetic patients with novel coronavirus infection","A major infectious disease associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2019-nCoV)has emerged in Wuhan, China. Current clinical studies have shown that diabetes is commonly complicated with this disorder. Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for severe infection, and also an independent risk factor for the progression of mild infection to severe infection. This may be related to the immune deficiency of diabetics. Besides, virus may cause direct damage to the islets and induce acute stress hyperglycemia. Special attention should be payed to diabetics with 2019-nCoV infection. Systemic steroid hormones should be used with particular caution in patients with 2019-nCoV infection, especially those with diabetes.","LIU, Bing","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"200","Epidemic characteristics of emerging respiratory infectious diseases and coping strategies","The prevention and control of emerging respiratory infectious diseases is an arduous task. The current outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is severe and seriously endangers people's health. In order to better guide the clinical work, this article briefly expounded the epidemic characteristics and corresponding coping strategies of the main emerging respiratory infectious diseases in recent years.","LI, Yulian; CAI, Yimin","",2020," Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"201","Characteristics of peripheral blood leukocyte differential counts in patients with COVID-19","To investigate the early changes of peripheral blood leukocyte differential counts in patients with COVID-19. Ten patients with COVID-19 and 30 patients with other viral pneumonia (non-COVID-19) admitted to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital and Jinshan Branch Hospital from January 22 to February 17, 2020 were enrolled in this study. The differential counts of white blood cells were analyzed. Patients in COVID-19 group showed relatively lower absolute white blood cell (WBC) count 4.95(3.90,6.03)×10 9 /L, lymphocyte absolute count 1.20(0.98,1.50)×10 9 /L and eosinophil absolute count 0.01(0.01,0.01)×10 9 /L. Leukopenia developed in two patients(2/10), lymphocytopenia also in two patients(2/10). Seven over ten patients presented with eosinophil cytopenia. In non-COVID-19 group, absolute WBC count was 8.20 (6.78,9.03) ×10 9 /L ( P <0.001), lymphocyte absolute count 1.75(1.20,2.53)×10 9 /L( P =0.036), eosinophil absolute count 0.02(0.01,0.03)×10 9 /L( P =0.05). Lymphocytopenia occurred in (16.7%) patients, eosinophil cytopenia in 16.7% patients too. In conclusion, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia and eosinophil cytopenia are more common in COVID-19 patients than those in non- COVID-19 patients.","LI, Yongxia; WU, Wei; YANG, Tao; ZHOU, Wei; FU, Yimu; FENG, Qiming; YE, Jueming","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"202","Novel coronavirus disease with conjunctivitis and conjunctivitis as first symptom: Two cases report","As the frontline health care workers at the center of the novel coronavirus disease (COVIN-19) outbreak, we have found many asymptomatic COVIN-19 patients or patients with mild symptoms since December 2019. A number of COVIN-19 cases with conjunctivitis or conjunctivitis as the first symptom have been observed in our clinical work. This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of one COVIN-19 patient with conjunctivitis as the first symptom and one COVIN-19 patient with conjunctivitis. Case one occurred conjunctivitis at the third day after closely contacted with determined COVID-19 patient and visited to eye doctor, and the symptom of conjunctivitis following the topical administration of anti-virual eyedrops for 1 week, followed by COVID-19. Her 2019-nCoV RNA detection of nasopharynx swab was positive but that of conjunctival sac swab was a negative result. Case two had a positive epidemiological history and simultaneous onset of COVID-19 and conjunctivitis.She presented positive results of 2019-nCoV RNA detection in both nasopharynx and conjunctival sac swabs, and other lab results supported the diagnosis of COVID-19 but she had a normal CT findings of the chest. The ocular symptoms were disappeared after topical administration of anti-virual eyedrops for 1 week.","LI, Xuejie; WANG, Ming; DAI, Jing; WANG, Wenjun; YANG, Yanning; JIN, Wei","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"203","Imaging dynamic observation of COVID-19 patients cured by imported coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To explore the imaging changes of lung lesions in patients with imported COVID-19 patients when reaching the discharge standard. Method The clinical and CT imaging data of 60 patients with imported COVID-19 cured and discharged from January to February 2020 in Anhui Province were retrospectively collected. The clinical characteristics of the patients and the characteristics of chest CT images at discharge were analyzed. Results Fever (57 cases) and cough (55 cases) were the main symptoms in 60 patients. At the initial diagnosis, 5 cases were mild, 53 were ordinary, and 2 were severe. In 5 light patients, 3 cases were negative in the whole course of CT examination, 2 cases were negative in the first time and abnormal in the second time. . The first CT imaging features of 55 patients (53 common type and 2 severe type)were mainly bilateral lung involvement (51 cases), multiple lesions (33 cases), more common under the pleura (40 cases), and ground glass opacities were the most common. (55 cases). The clinical features of chest CT in clinical outcomes are that the ground glass shadow in the lung gradually fades and was completely absorbed (19 cases); the scope of ground glass shadow in the lung expanded and progressed to crazy-paving, consolidation shadow, and the lesion gradually absorbs again followed by Fibrous cord shadows (27 cases); ground-glass opacities in the lungs quickly progressed to a consolidation and then slowly absorbed . Most of the lesions were accompanied by more residual fibrous cord shadows (4 cases). In 2 severe patients, the lesions in the lungs were larger ground glass, and a big amount of fibrous foci remained after slowly absorption. Conclusion Chest CT plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of imported COVID-19, and the degree of lung involvement seen on CT images is in good agreement with clinical outcome.","LI, Xiaohu; WANG, Haitao; ZHU, Juan; QIU, Xiaohui; ZHANG, Jinping; HUANG, Guoquan; ZENG, Xiaosong; HE, Kewu; XIE, Zongyu; XU, Qizhong; LIU, Bin; YU, Yongqiang","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"204","The clinical study on the relationship between serum albumin concentration and lymphocyte levels in patients with 2019-novel coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To explore the relationship between different serum albumin and lymphocyte levels in patients with 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia (COVID-19). Methods A retrospective study was performed to identify the characteristics of the clinical data of 205 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in the Happy Street of Hanchuan People's Hospital, Xiaogan, Hubei Province from January 24 to February 12, 2020, including their general information, serum albumin (ALB) levels, lymphocyte counts (LYM), percentage of lymphocytes (LYM%) and other laboratory parameter levels. Low ALB group and normal ALB group were demarcated by the concentration of 35g/L, further to identify the differences of LYM and LYM% levels and the incidence of LYM and LYM% decline at different ALB levels between groups,as well as the correlation between ALB and LYM, LYM% levels in hypoalbuminemia conditions . Results 17.5% of COVID-19 patients were associated with hypoalbuminemia. The levels of LYM and LYM% in the low ALB group were significantly lower than those in the normal ALB group ( P <0.001). The incidence of LYM and LYM% decline in the low ALB group was significantly higher than those in the normal ALB group ( P <0.001). The levels of LYM and LYM% in the low ALB group were significantly positively correlated with serum ALB concentrations ( P <0.05). Conclusions The decrease of lymphocyte levels in COVID-19 patients may be correlated to hypoalbuminemia. COVID-19 patients complicated by hypoalbuminemia should be actively intervened to maintain serum albumin in the normal range.","LI, Ruoqing; TIAN, Jigang; YANG, Fang; YU, Jie; LV, Lei; SUN, Guangyan; WANG, Hongqun; LIU, Yinghong; CHEN, Xi; FANG, Qingyong; YANG, Xiaojuan","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"205","Establishment and clinical performance evaluation of 2019 novel coronavirus antibody colloidal gold detection method","Objective To establish a colloidal gold technique assay for the rapid detection of immunoglobulin(Ig) M and IgG antibodies against 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and to evaluate its clinical performance. Methods A total of 278 patients who were treated at Wuhan Hankou Hospital and the People's Hospital of Honghu from February 12, 2020 to February 20, 2020 were collected. According to the diagnostic criteria, 89 patients were confirmed with 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive diagnosis, and 189 were 2019-nCoV nucleic acid-negative suspected patients. A total of 273 medical examiners from Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from 2015 to 2018 were selected as controls. The serum samples of patients were collected. 2019-nCoV nucleic proteins were obtained from prokaryotic expression vectors. Indirect IgM and IgG colloidal gold techniques were established by using recombinant N protein. 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as control. Serum specimens were tested for 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG. The specificity and sensitivity of colloidal gold assay were analyzed. Results The sensitivity and specificity of IgM detection reagents were 78.7% and 98.2%, respectively, those of IgG detection reagents were 73.0% and 99.3%, respectively, and those of IgM combined with IgG detection were 87.6% and 98.2%, respectively. For suspected patients with negative 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, the positive rates of IgM and IgG were 59.8% (113/189) and 52.9% (100/189), respectively, and the positive rate of IgM combined with IgG detection was 66.1% (125/189). Conclusion This reagent of 2019-nCoV antibodies detection (colloidal gold technique) fulfills the requirement for clinical application with high specificity and sensitivity, which can be served as a supplementary detection method for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection by RT-PCR.","LI, Hui; LI, Yongyin; ZHANG, Zhigao; LU, Zhen; WANG, Yi; LIN, Guanfeng; AN, Taixue; HU, Xiumei; LAI, Qintao; YI, Xuan; LIU, Zhihong; ZHAI, Xiangming; SUN, Jian; GUO, Yabing; LU, Jiatao; ZHANG, Xiaoyong; WU, Yingsong; HOU, Jinlin","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"206","Study on the relationship between the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease epidemic in China and population migration from Wuhan","Objective To investigate the relationship between the epidemic of Coronavirus Disease in 2019 (COVID-19) in China and population migration from Wuhan before the city implemented strict migration restrictions. Methods We collected the cumulative number of confirmed cases with COVID-19 up to January 31, 2020 from the official website of the health administrative departments, and information on population migration out of Wuhan during January 10, 2020 and January 24, 2020, approximately half months prior to the implementation of strict migration restrictions by the city, from Baidu population-migration big data platform. Population migration data were provided for the top 100 cities in the form of percentage values, calculated as the number of migrants from Wuhan into these cities divided by the total number of migrants out of Wuhan during the same period multiplied by 100%. The two-independent sample non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the distribution of cumulative number of cases between the top 100 cities and the remaining 205 non-top 100 cities of China. The relationship between the cumulative number of cases and the percentage of migrants from Wuhan into the top 100 cities were further assessed by Pearson correlation and by multiple linear regression with adjustment for population size, population density, and GDP per capita. Results The top 100 cities accounted for 91.6% of total migrants out of Wuhan, and the top 14 cities were all in Hubei province. There were a total of 5,869 cases in the top 100 cities, with a median (interquartile range) of 21.5 (12~55) cases, whereas in the 205 non-top 100 cities there were a total of 1,063 cases, with a median (interquartile range) of 4 (2~7) cases. The median cumulative number of cases differed significantly between the two types of cities ( P <0.001). Among the top 100 cities, there was a strong correlation between the percentage of migrants from Wuhan and the cumulated number of cases (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.92), and for every 1 percentage point increase in migrants from Wuhan the cumulative number of cases increased by approximately 42 (95%CI, 39 to 45). The number of cumulative number of cases in Wenzhou and Chongqing was detected as potential outliers in regression diagnosis ( P <0.001, corresponding standardized residuals were 5.2 and 3.5, respectively), suggesting that the number of cases in these two cities was substantially higher than others with similar amount of migrants from Wuhan. Conclusions There is a strong positive association between the percentage of migrants from Wuhan and the epidemic status of COVID-19 infections in cities in China.","LI, Hongtian","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"207","Prevention and treatment strategies of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for acute abdomen during the outbreak of COVID-19","At present, the prevention and control of the COVID-19 is still severe, its pathogen SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious and pathogenic, and the population is generally susceptible. In order to deal with the epidemic, selective operation can be postponed, but most of the patients with acute abdominal diseases are commonly in clinic, with acute onset and severe condition, and most of them are accompanied with fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, so emergency operation is needed.Under the condition of the current epidemic—COVID-19, it requires a higher standard to diagnose and treat patients with acute abdomen. The first step is to carry out procedures to identify whether the patient is infected or not. Those who are not infected can go through the normal treating procedures.For patients diagnosed with COVID-19 or suspected patients, the second step is to achieve classified diagnoses and treatments, and to adopt a treating plan that integrates TCM and western medicine.In order to protect patients and medical staff, the COVID-19 in hospital transmission must be avoided. For patients with COVID-19 who need emergency surgery, we must strictly comply with the hospital's protection regulations, closely coordinate the relevant departments of surgery, perform the three-level protection, operate in accordance with the principle of damage control in the negative pressure surgery room, and return to the isolation ward according to the prevention and control process after operation. For units without surgical conditions, patients should be transferred to hospital in time on the premise of maximum damage control, and patients must not be delayed for timely diagnosis and treatment due to the epidemic.","LI, Guolei; TAN, Guoliang; LIU, Yuan; XU, Zhu; FENG, Hao; ZHANG, Yali; XING, Wei; XU, Zhifeng","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"208","Summary of consensus documents: prevention and control of the 2019 novel conoravirus infection in newborn infants *","Since the end of 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has occurred in in China. The dramatically rapid spread and strong infectivity of this virus has attracted global attention. Neonates are thought to be susceptible to the virus, because their immune system is not well developed. Neonates have been reported to be affected by this virus. The Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Pediatric Professional Committee of the Chinese People's Liberation Army have put forward strategies for the effective prevention and control of the 2019-nCoV infection in neonates. This expert review summarized the key points of the above three prevention and control consensus and programs.","LI, Fang; SHI, Yuan","",2020," Narrative review; Normative guidance; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"209","Clinical features of 30 cases with novel coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in Shenyang. Methods The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 30 patients diagnosed with 2019-nCoV infection admitted to Shenyang sixth people's hospital on January 22, 2020 and February 8, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 30 cases, 21 were imported, including 17 from Hubei Province and four from other provinces. Nine cases were local infections. There were 18 men and 12 women, aging from 21 to 72 years with the median of 43 years. Eight cases had underlying diseases including hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and bronchitis. On admission, two (7%) cases were mild, 19 (63%) cases were ordinary, eight (27%) cases were severe, and one (3%) case was critical. Clinical manifestations mainly include fever, with or without upper respiratory tract symptoms, normal, decreased or slightly increased white blood cell counts, mainly decreased lymphocyte counts, normal or increased c-reactive protein, and normal procalcitonin. The computed tomography (CT) of the early stage of the lungs showed that multiple patchy ground glass shadows were mainly accompanied by consolidation, which often involved both lungs or multiple lobes of one lung. At the moment, the clinical treatment mainly included respiratory support, symptomatic treatment, antiviral treatment adn anti-bacterial treatment. By February 15, a total of nine cases were cured and discharged, including one mild case, six ordinary cases, and two severe cases. In the comparisons between mild/ordinary patients and severe/critical patients, the fever duration in the severe/critical group (median 11.5 d) was significantly longer than that in the light/normal group (median 2 d) ( Z =-2.292, P =0.022), and the laboratory tests indicated elevated d-dimer levels ( Z =-2.669, P =0.008) and more cases with neutrophilic/lymphocyte ratio > 3 ( Z =-4.071, P <0.01). Conclusions In Shenyang, the early cases with 2019-nCoV infection are mainly imported cases, and expanding local infections gradually develop. Clinical manifestations are mainly characterized by fever and cough. Lung CT performance shows multiple ground glass shadows, mainly accompanied by consolidation. CT changes in the lungs should be closely monitored during the treatment, and CT findings in the lungs may change earlier than the clinical manifestations. Prolonged fever duration, elevated d-dimer level and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio >3 could be used as early warning indicators for severe cases.","LI, Dan; LIU, Hongyan; WANG, Yan; GUO, Hongli; WANG, Kai; ZHAO, Rui; WU, Yunhai; LI, Xinghai","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"210","Construction of 5G intelligent medical service system in novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control","Objective: To analyze application fields of 5G communication technology in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic prevention and control, and build a 5G intelligent medical service system for COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control in China. Methods: We collected and analyzed 5G technology application cases used in the fight against COVID-19 from December 2019 to February 2020: 5G + telemedicine application cases, 5G + negative pressure ambulance cases, 5G + remote monitoring cases, 5G + artificial intelligence cases, 5G + infrared thermography temperature detection cases, 5G + big data analysis cases for epidemic prevention and control. Results: Through the analysis of 5G application cases in COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, we found out the key elements of 5G intelligent medical service system in COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control. By optimizing and upgrading the internal service mode of the hospital, breaking the internal and external barriers, integrating internal and external resources, and strengthening 5G intelligent medical security, we can form a 5G intelligent medical service system for COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, including application layer, technical service layer, network support layer and security system layer. Conclusion: 5G communication technology has the characteristics of faster speed, shorter time delay and denser capacity. In COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control work, it can further improve the efficiency of doctors' diagnosis, improve patients' medical experience, realize the remote sharing of high-quality medical resources and real-time information exchange, effectively block the spread of epidemic, alleviate the shortage of medical resources and medical staff, and make the epidemic prevention and control more efficient.","LI, Dacan; HUANG, Min; ZHAO, Cailian; GONG, Yuanyuan; ZHANG, Yan","",2020," Narrative review; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"211","Aerosol formation during non-contact 'air-puff' tonometry and its significance for prevention of COVID-19","Objective To evaluate the aerosol concentration(PM2.5,PM10.0 and aerosol particle number) formation in non-contact 'air-puff' tonometry and provide suggestions for medical workers to take appropriate daily protection during the prevalence of 2019-nCoV. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in this study. Thirty healthy subjects were enrolled on February 22, 2020 at Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by non-contact 'air-puff' tonometer in the ophthalmic consulting room and the hall with or without masks. PM2.5, PM10.0 and aerosol particles were recorded by air quality detector. The cumulative effects of IOP measurement, PM2.5, PM10.0 and aerosol particle number were analyzed, and the aerosol density of subjects with and without masks was compared. Results The PM2.5, PM10.0 and aerosol particles produced by the non-contact 'air-puff' tonometry and increased with the increase of spray times. The IOP curves of 60 eyes of 30 subjects were measured respectively in two environments of medical consulting room and medical institution hall. It was found that PM2.5, pm10.0 and particle number fluctuated and increased with the increase of IOP measurement person times, showing cumulative effect, and the accumulation speed of aerosol density in hall was faster than that in consulting room. The density of PM2.5 and PM10.0 produced without gauze mask were (53.417±2.306) and (85.350± 3.488) μg/m 3 , which were higher than those of (50.567±0.862) and (80.617±1.463) μg/m 3 with gauze mask. The differences were statistically significant ( P =0.028, 0.019). Conclusions Aerosol can be produced by non-contact 'air-puff' tonometer spraying, and it fluctuates with the increase of spraying times, showing a cumulative effect. The aerosol accumulation is higher in the hall with insufficient air circulation. And more aerosol can be produced without gauze mask.","LI, Chunchun; TANG, Yuan; CHEN, Zhangyan; WANG, Aisun; HUANG, Xiaoqiong; CHEN, Yanyan; QU, Jia","",2020," Comparative study, RCT; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"212","Impacts and strategies for the construction of the disease control and prevention system in the COVID-19 outbreak","The outbreak of COVID-19 has exposed many shortcomings in disease control and prevention system (DCPS) of China. Resolving the problems and strengthening the DCPS became the top priority in China’s public policy agenda. This paper revealed the problems of the system regarding policy-making, regulations, operation mechanism and staff, and proposed several strategies from three aspects of legal construction, management system, and operation mechanism, including: 'Prevention first' should be incorporated into the national legal system, all the departments should be engaged in 'Healthy China 2030' initiative, laws and regulations should be amended, new disease prevention and control management institutions should be set up, a high-quality professional team should be retained, the regional health information exchange channels should be strengthened, the coordinated mechanism for disease prevention and control should be normalized, the long-term investment mechanism should be established, and the equipment renewal and reserve system should be improved.","LI, Cheng yue; GAO, Xiang; LI, Li; ZHOU, Qing yu; PU, Chuan; SHI, Pei wu; HAO, Chao; CHEN, Zheng; SHEN, Qun hong; XU, Ling zhong; HU, Zhi; HAO, Mo","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"213","Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pregnancy: analysis of nine cases","Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics and pregnant outcomes of gravidae with COVID-19. Methods This study involved nine gravidae with COVID-19 admitted to the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 22 to February 1, 2020. Their clinical data, including epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations, chest CT, treatment, delivery mode, and pregnancy outcomes, were analyzed retrospectively. Descriptive analysis was applied in this study. Results (1) Among the nine cases, five were admitted in the third trimester and four in the second trimester. The median incubation period of COVID-19 was 8 (1-14) d. Fever was presented in all cases on admission, and the other commonly seen symptoms were cough (seven cases) and diarrhea (five cases). Other signs and symptoms were also reported, including shortness of breath, myalgia and fatigue (four cases in each), nasal obstruction, pharyngalgia, chest pain, and headache/dizziness (three cases in each), rash (two cases), and chills and expectoration (one case in each). The most common laboratory abnormalities were a decreased number of lymphocytes (seven cases) and elevated C-reactive protein (six cases). Chest CT scans were performed in seven women, and all showed patchy areas or ground-glass opacity in both lungs. Oligohydramnios was detected in only one case at 37 +5 weeks, which was 7 d after the diagnosis of COVID-19. (2) All nine cases received empiric antibiotic and antiviral therapy with Chinese medicine as adjuvant treatment. Eight patients required oxygen inhalation, and seven were treated with glucocorticoid. One case received immunotherapy due to worsening conditions. (3) Four of the nine cases had delivered, including three cesarean sections and one spontaneous vaginal preterm birth after premature rupture of membranes, and the mother was transferred to the intensive care unit 2 d after delivery due to acute respiratory distress syndrome. One case was terminated at 26 gestational weeks. Of the four neonates, there were two term and two premature babies, and one preterm babies was small-for-gestational-age. No neonatal asphyxia was observed. Serial real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed negative results in the detection of 2019-novel coronavirus in all samples obtained from amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, neonatal nasopharynx, breast milk, and vagina. Maternal conditions were all stable in all cases, including the four continuing pregnancy, and the terminated ones, except the case mentioned above. Conclusions There is no distinguishable clinical feature between pregnant and non-pregnant COVID-19 patients. Currently, the evidence for vertical transmission of COVID-19 needs further studies with larger size of examples, but pregnancy may deteriorate COVID-19. Given that COVID-19 may have adverse effects on perinatal outcomes, it's recommended to take positive and effective measures for COVID-19 women in the third trimester.","LEI, Di; WANG, Chen; LI, Chunyan; FANG, Congcong; YANG, Wenbing; CHEN, Biheng; WEI, Min; XU, Xiaoyu; YANG, Huixia; WANG, Suqing; FAN, Cuifang","",2020," Epidemiological study; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"214","Advances on presymptomatic or asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19","COVID-19 is rapidly spreading. Patients in incubation period and healthy carriers are possible sources for transmission. However, such sources of infection cannot be effectively identified due to the symptoms absent. The research evidence is very lacking so far, although there are a few studies suggesting that presymptomatic or asymptomatic carrier may cause COVID-19 transmission. Nearly half of the literature is in the state of preprint without peer review. The question of 'the degree to which presymptomatic or asymptomatic infections can transmit' is not fully understood. There is an urgent need to screen infected carriers in larger close contacts or in the general population, and assess their risk for transmission.","GAO, Wenjing; LI, Liming","",2020," Opinion piece; Epidemiology; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"215","Consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture patients during epidemic of corona virus disease 2019","Since December 2019, the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has been reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Almost 70% of patients susceptible to 2019-nCoV are over age of 50 years, with extremely large proportion of critical illness and death of the elderly patients. Meanwhile, the elderly patients are at high risk of osteoporotic fractures especially osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). During the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, orthopedists are confronted with the following difficulties including how to screen and protect OVCF patients, how to accurately diagnose and assess the condition of OVCF patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, and how to develop reasonable treatment plans and comprehensive protective measures in emergency and outpatient clinics. In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of patients with OVCF diagnosed with COVID-19, the authors jointly develop this expert consensus. The consensus systematically recommends the standardized emergency and outpatient screening and confirmation procedures for OVCF patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and protective measures for emergency and outpatient clinics. Moreover, the consensus describes the grading and classification of OVCF patients diagnosed with COVID-19 according to the severity of illness and recommends different treatment plans and corresponding protective measures based on the different types and epidemic prevention and control requirements.","FANG, Zhong; HE, Baorong; HAO, Dingjun; LI, Feng; YAN, Liang; GAO, Yanzheng; FENG, Shiqing; SUN, Tiansheng; JIANG, Dianming; TIAN, Jiwei; WANG, Huan; ZHANG, Yingze; FAN, Shunwu; ZHU, Yue; LIANG, Yijian; TIAN, Yun; LI, Bo; JIANG, Weimin; WANG, Jingye; MAO, Xiaohui; ZHU, Changsheng; LI, Yali; HE, Lijun; HE, Yuan; SHI, Qindong; LI, Shuixia; WANG, Jing; GAO, Zijun; DONG, Buhuai; YU, Honghui; JIANG, Yonghong","",2020," Normative guidance; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"216","Strategies of strengthening the supporting role of science and technology in public health emergency: A case study on the COVID-19","Objective The research was aimed to discuss the role of science and technology research in the public health emergency response, and to provide theoretical support for building Healthy China, implementing the National Strategy of Innovation-Driven Development. Methods Take COVID-19 as an example, to sum up the characteristics and the function of science and technology research in the public health emergency prevention and control system. Results In order to make the scientific and technological research as the supporting system in public health emergency, we need to strengthen the basic research, to improve the research and development for controlling product with the independent intellectual property, to optimize the training system and evaluating system in public health technology, to deepen the international collaboration and to popularize the basic scientific knowledge. Conclusions Through systematically arrangement for disease controlling and prevention, for the industrial supporting, for the health improvement, for the talent training system and for the cooperation and the communication, we need to fasten the technological innovation for better preparation and responding to public health emergencies.","DU, Jun","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"217","Research progress on nucleic acid detection in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia","The prevention and control of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia caused by Novel Coronavirus is at a critical period. Nucleic acid detection, as the definite diagnosis tool, plays an important role in rapid diagnosis, therapeutic efficacy, epidemic prevention and control. However, the disease is outbreak, and the time of nucleic acid detection in clinical application is short. So the insufficient method verification and clinical evaluation has been made. 'False negative' is observed in clinical practice, and the result of nucleic acid detection is not matched with the clinical diagnosis. Therefore, it is urgent to optimize the current methods and improve detection sensitivity. Based on latest studies of Novel Coronavirus, this article reviews the current status and application prospects of nucleic acid detection. Also, this article provides references for clinicians and researchers.","DONG, Zhaogang; ZOU, Mingjin; ZHANG, Yi","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"218","Covid-19 Biologic Therapies Reviewed | In the Pipeline","","Derek, Lowe","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"219","Value of chest CT screening in the early COVID-19 outbreak","Objective In view of the difficulty of the shortage of new coronavirus nucleal acid test in the early COVID-19 outbreak, to explore the application value of chest CT in screening COVID-19 patients. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of patients with fever who received chest CT and new coronavirus nucleal acid test during January 25, 2020 to February 2, 2020 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. A total of 587 patients were enrolled, including 290 males and 297 females, aged from 11.0 to 96.0 (51.3±17.1) years old. Take the nucleic acid test results as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity and rate of missed diagnosis of CT screening COVID-19 were calculated. Results Among the 587 patients, there were 433 positive cases (73.8%, 433/587) and 154 negative cases (26.2%, 154/587) of novel coronavirus nucleic acid test. Using CT screening, 494 cases (84.2%, 494/587) were positive and 93 cases (15.8%, 93/587) were negative. The sensitivity of CT screening COVID-19 was 97.7% (423/433), specificity was 53.9% (83/154) and rate of missed diagnosis was 2.3% (10/433). Conclusions In the early COVID-19 outbreak, CT screening has the advantages of high sensitivity and low rate of missed diagnosis of COVID-19, which can compensate for the shortage of new coronavirus nucleal acid test and can be used as the basis for rapid screening for early prevention and control of COVID-19 outbreak.","DENG, Zhiqing; ZHANG, Xiaochun; LI, Yirong; XU, Haibo; GANG, Yadong; WANG, Hanlun; LIAO, Rufang; JIN, Yinghui; WANG, Xinghuan; ZENG, Xiantao; LUO, Shihua; PAN, Zhenyu","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"220","Thoughts and suggestions on modern construction of disease prevention and control system","The critical period for the prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in China, in response to requirements for accelerating the modernization of the disease prevention and control system, we analyzed and summarized the current situation, existing problems, and deficiencies in China's modernization of disease prevention and control system. In addition, we put forward the contents and countermeasures for the modernization of the disease prevention and control system. The modernization of the disease prevention and control system should be built around governance modernization, talent modernization, equipment modernization, scientific research modernization, and modernization of the regulatory system. The countermeasures and suggestions need to reposition the disease prevention and control system, rationalize the management system and operating mechanism, strengthen the modernization of talents and equipment, strengthen scientific research on disease prevention and control, and further improve the disease prevention and control legal system.","CHENG, Jin Quan","",2020," Narrative review; Ethics, social science, economics; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"221","Incidence trend of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China","Objective To investigate the epidemical characteristics and analyze the incidence trend of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Methods The daily new confirmed cases of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China from January 25 to February 8,2020 were collected for epidemiological descriptive analysis. Results During the period from January 25 to February 8, 2020, the number of daily new confirmed cases fell for five consecutive days, from 890 cases on February 3 to 509 cases on February 8. Conclusion The incidence of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) slowed down in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) except Hubei and Xinjiang production and construction corps , but the overall situation is still not optimistic. It is imperative to pay close attention to the origin and destination of migrant workers and the incidence of disease in various areas, and take targeted measures to strengthen prevention and control of the disease.","CHEN, Yi fan; CAO, Guang wen","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"222","Pregnant women with new coronavirus infection: a clinical characteristics and placental pathological analysis of three cases","Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and placental pathology of 2019-nCoV infection in pregnancy, and to evaluate intrauterine vertical transmission potential of 2019-nCoV infection. Methods The placentas delivered from pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection which were received in the Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology collected by February 4th, 2020 and retrospectively studied. Their clinical material including placental tissue and lung CT, and laboratory results were collected, meanwhile, nucleic acid detection of 2019-nCoV of the placentas were performed by RT-PCR. Results Three placentas delivered from pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, who were all in their third trimester with emergency caesarean section. All of the three patients presented with fever (one before caesarean and two in postpartum), and had no significant leukopenia and lymphopenia. Neonatal throat swabs from three newborns were tested for 2019-nCoV, and all samples were negative for the nucleic acid of 2019-nCoV. One premature infant was transferred to Department of Neonatology due to low birth weight. By the end of February 25, 2020, none of the three patients developed severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia or died(two patients had been cured and discharged, while another one had been transferred to a square cabin hospital for isolation treatment). There were various degrees of fibrin deposition inside and around the villi with local syncytial nodule increases in all three placentas. One case of placenta showed the concomitant morphology of chorionic hemangioma and another one with massive placental infarction. No pathological change of villitis and chorioamnionitis was observed in our observation of three cases. All samples from three placentas were negative for the nucleic acid of 2019-nCoV. Conclusions The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with 2019-nCoV infection in late pregnancy are similar to those of non-pregnant patients, and no severe adverse pregnancy outcome is found in the 3 cases of our observation. Pathological study suggests that there are no morphological changes related to infection in the three placentas. Currently no evidence for intrauterine vertical transmission of 2019-nCoV is found in the three women infected by 2019-nCoV in their late pregnancy.","CHEN, Shuo; HUANG, Bo; LUO, Danju; LI, Xiang; YANG, Fan; ZHAO, Yin; NIE, Xiu; HUANG, Bangxing","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"223","Preliminary study on exploring the trajectory of patients with COVID-19 by Data mining algorithms","Objective To explore data mining methods and tools for the activity paths of confirmed patients, and provide data analysis tools for epidemic control. Methods The data used came from the trajectory data of confirmed cases collected by Tencent. The jieba word segmentation and word cloud map function of Python 3.6 were used to calculate the high-frequency vocabulary in the trajectory of confirmed patients. The epidemic prevention and control strategy was developed based on the high-frequency vocabulary. Results Taking Guangdong Province, the second most confirmed patients in the country, as an example, the key areas of epidemic control obtained through data mining involve Wuhan (epidemiological history), Zhuhai and Guangzhou. The key control activities include family visiting, traveling and shopping. Means of transportation include self-driving, trains and airplanes; the key patients studied were Li and Ding; the symptoms of this patient group were mainly fever and cough. Conclusions The data mining algorithm in this paper can provide an advantageous tool for epidemic prevention and control, also assist frontline personnel to adjust the deployment of epidemic prevention and control according to their priorities.","CHEN, Shuliang; ZHANG, Ce; REN, Ping","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"224","Clinical features of 109 cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To observe theepidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging findings, treatment and prognosis of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Methods Clinical data of 109 patients with suspected and definite novel coronavirus pneumonia admitted to Wuhan Sixth Hospital from December 24, 2019 to January 28, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Statistical analysiswas performed by using t test or chi-square test. Results Among the 109 patients, 48 (44%) were male and 61 (56%) were female, with the average age of (52.5±10.8) years. Fifty-four patients (49.5%) had definite contact history. Among the 109 patients, 104 (95.5%) presentedwith fever, 37(33.7%) with headache, 78 (71.9%) with general pain, 88 (80.8%) with fatigue and poor appetite, 23 (21.3%) with diarrhea, 94 (86.5%) withcoughing, 23 (21.3%) with shortness of breath, 57 (52.8%) withpalpitation, 45 (41.5%) with chest distress, 4 (3.3%) with chest pain, 40 (37.0%) with lung rales. Forty-two cases (38.5%) had leukocyte count <4×10 9 /L, 58 cases (53.2%) had lymphocyte count <1.5×10 9 /L, 7 cases (24.8%) had hemoglobin <120g/L, 37 cases(33.9%) had LDH >230 mmol/L, 29 cases (26.6%) had brain natriuretic peptide precursor>300 ng/mL, 87 cases (79.8%) had hypersensitive C-reactive protein >10mg/L, 26 cases (23.9%) had D-dimer >0.5 mg/L, 35 cases (32.1%) had coagulation disorder. The leukocyte counts, LDH, brain natriuretic peptide precursor and D-dimer of severe/critical cases[(11.33±4.87)×10 9 /L, (527.51±260.87) mmol/L, (722.88±189.56) ng/mL, (1.89±4.24) mg/L, respectively] were all significantly higher than those of common cases [(4.02±1.49)×10 9 /L, (159.75±30.31)mmol/L, (428.22±124.76)ng/mLand (0.41±0.22)mg/L, respectively], while the lymphocyte count of severe/critical cases [(0.60±0.17)×10 9 /L] was significantly lower than common cases [(1.13±0.43)×10 9 /L] ( t =11.36, 11.33,9.81,2.81 and 7.77,all P <0.05). On admission, chest CT showed that 27 cases (24.8%) of pneumonia were unilateral, 82 cases (75.2%) werebilateral, and most of them were ground glass. The pneumonia progressed in a short time and reached the peak within 10 days. The comprehensive treatment included antiviral drugs, prevention ofbacterialinfection and supportive treatment, and glucocorticoid and respiratory support treatment wereadministrated when necessary. Conclusions The novel coronavirus pneumonia is characterized by highly infectious, rapid progress, and diverse clinical and imaging features. Early diagnosis and active comprehensive treatment could improve theprognosis and reduce themortality.","CHEN, Shi; WU, Juan Juan; LI, Ming Zhi; XU, Di Zhi; ZHU, Yang Zi; WANG, Hai Chuan; LI, Hong Cheng; HE, Peng Cheng","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"225","COVID-19 with acute cerebral infarction: one case report","COVID-19 is caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus, which is characterized by hidden onset, long incubation period, and high contagion. The study found that the COVID-19 not only attacks the respiratory system, but also affects other systems such as the heart, kidney, and digestive tract, and could be combined with multiple system diseases such as acute cerebrovascular disease. If doctors, especially non-infective or respiratory doctors, do not pay great attention to the patient when they are receiving patients, and take good care of them, they may easily cause their own infection. This article summarizes the case of a concealed onset COVID-19 patient with cerebral infarction, which caused a medical staff infection after intravenous thrombolytic therapy, explores its clinical characteristics, treatment process and analyzes its prevention and control links to help the epidemic situation. In the prevention and control, the first-time doctor should pay attention to identification, reduce missed diagnosis, and scientific investigation to reduce occupational infection.","CHEN, Shengcai","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"226","Asymptomatic novel coronavirus pneumonia presenting as acute cerebral infarction:case report and review of the literature","An outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly in December 2019, with cases now confirmed in multiple countries. As the number of cases increases, we pay more and more attention to asymptomatic novel coronavirus pneumonia,We report the first case of Asymptomatic novel coronavirus pneumonia presenting as acute cerebral infarction and describe the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and emergency treatment, including. This case highlights the the importance of emergency medical teams in initial assessment of emergency public health emergencies, as well as the necessary of the emergency chest CT for screening asymptomatic novel coronavirus pneumonia.","CHEN, Chen; KANG, Jian; LOU, Shuang; ZHANG, Jinsong","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"227","ERA-EDTA sharing Milan experience on coronavirus management in dialysis centres | Clinical Kidney Journal | Oxford Academic","Graphical Abstract","Mario Cozzolino on behalf of the, E. R. A. Edta Council","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"228","Interpretation of "expert consensus on elderly patients with hip fractures under epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia"","With aim to reasonably cope with the elderly patients with hip fracture during epidemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Professor Su Jiacan and Academician Zhang Yingze organized the "expert consensus on elderly patients with hip fractures under epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia" that for the first time formulated the management strategies for the elderly patients with hip fracture including selection of surgical methods and protective measures for medical staff from perspective of orthopedic surgeons. The authors interpret the clinical guiding value and key points of diagnosis and treatment of the consensus to help clinicians better understand the consensus and strengthen its practical application.","HU, Yan; CAO, Liehu; HUANG, Biaotong; HE, Jiye; GU, Zhengrong; CHEN, Xiao; LIU, Guohui; LIU, Ximing; CHEN, Yanxi; WANG, Dongliang; SU, Jiacan","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"229","Response of Chinese Anesthesiologists to the COVID-19 Outbreak","The coronavirus disease 2019, named COVID-19 officially by the World Health Organization (Geneva, Switzerland) on February 12, 2020, has spread at unprecedented speed. After the first outbreak in Wuhan, China, Chinese anesthesiologists encountered increasing numbers of infected patients since December 2019. Because the main route of transmission is via respiratory droplets and close contact, anesthesia providers are at a high risk when responding to the devastating mass emergency. So far, actions have been taken including but not limited to nationwide actions and online education regarding special procedures of airway management, oxygen therapy, ventilation support, hemodynamic management, sedation, and analgesia. As the epidemic situation has lasted for months (thus far), special platforms have also been set up to provide free mental health care to all anesthesia providers participating in acute and critical caring for COVID-19 patients. The current article documents the actions taken, lesson learned, and future work needed.","Zhang, H. F.; Bo, L. L.; Lin, Y.; Li, F. X.; Sun, S. J.; Lin, H. B.; Xu, S. Y.; Bian, J. J.; Yao, S. L.; Chen, X. D.; Meng, L.; Deng, X. M.","10.1097/aln.0000000000003300",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"230","Three cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia with viral nucleic acids still positive in stool after throat swab detection turned negative","The novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has spread from Wuhan to all parts of China since December 2019, and the prevention and control of NCP is a top priority for medical staff. Now report three cases of NCP patients, whose viral nucleic acids still positive in stool after throat swab detection turned negative. In view of the highly homologous and similar clinical manifestations between the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) related coronaviruses, it is recommended to attach great importance to the detection of the viral nucleic acids in stool, with the reference of SARS prevention and control experience. In order to minimize the risks of gastrointestinal spread, the detection of 2019-nCoV nucleic acids in stool may be recommended as the reference standard of disisolation and discharge.","YANG, Zhiwei; LI, Ganwen; DAI, Xiaoling; LIU, Guirong; LI, Gang; JIE, Yusheng","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"231","Covid-19: GPs can stop health checks for over 75s and routine medicine reviews","GPs can stop or postpone some routine work to free them up to deal with covid-19, NHS England and NHS Improvement has said. In a letter sent to GPs and commissioners Nikita Kanani, medical director for primary care, and Ed Waller, director of primary care strategy, set out a list of activities that GPs could stop doing or postpone.1 It included health checks for people over 75, which it said GPs could stop doing if in their judgment that is not the right priority. The letter also said that routine medical reviews could be deferred until October if necessary, unless they can be viably conducted remotely and/or in exceptional cases in person or by home visit as per local clinical discretion. Key medicine reviews where a patient is being regularly monitored should continue, it advised. The letter added that practices Quality Outcomes Framework (QOF) income in 2020-21 would be protected as necessary to respond to covid-19 and that one-off adjustments would be made for practices that earned less from QOF payments in 2019-20 than in 2018-19 as a result of covid-19 activities. However, practices would be asked to consider stopping any private work they were doing to help free up capacity, the letter said.","Rimmer, Abi","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"232","Challenging Covid-19*","","Rao, N. N.","",2020," Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"233","The call for a rapid response","","Peters, R.","",2020," Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"234","Hypothesis for potential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection--a review of immune changes in patients with viral pneumonia","Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with droplets and contact as the main means of transmission. Since the first case appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the outbreak has gradually spread nationwide. Up to now, according to official data released by the Chinese health commission, the number of newly diagnosed patients has been declining, and the epidemic is gradually being controlled. Although most patients have mild symptoms and good prognosis after infection, some patients developed severe and die from multiple organ complications. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans remains unclear. Immune function is a strong defense against invasive pathogens and there is currently no specific antiviral drug against the virus. This article reviews the immunological changes of coronaviruses like SARS, MERS and other viral pneumonia similar to SARS-CoV-2. Combined with the published literature, the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19 is inferred, and the treatment recommendations for giving high-doses intravenous immunoglobulin and low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulant therapy to severe type patients are proposed.","","",NA," Epidemiological study; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"235","Massachusetts coalition launches campaign to preserve bed access","A coalition of registered nurses with the Massachusetts Nurses Association (MNA), along with patients, families, advocates and elected officials who have been fighting for the preservation of mental health beds across Western Massachusetts, has launched a new campaign, ?Mental Health is Public Health,? to save essential inpatient psychiatric services, according to a March 16 news release. The effort comes as Trinity Health plans to close 74 pediatric and adult psychiatric beds at Providence Behavioral Health Hospital in Holyoke; Baystate Health seeks the closure of all its mental health beds in Greenfield, Palmer and Westfield; and COVID-19 places additional pressure on already-strained emergency departments and other hospital services throughout the region. ?These proposed closures would devastate an already-strained mental health system,? said Cindy Chaplin, RN at Providence and co-chair of the MNA Bargaining Committee. ?Right now, we need to maximize capacity in emergency departments and other hospital units, not decrease services. When everyone else in Massachusetts agrees we should be making it easier for patients to get high-quality mental healthcare, Trinity Health is going in the opposite direction.?","","10.1002/mhw.32287",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"236","The Resilience Development for the Entrepreneurs Tourism Sector (RDETS) from the 2019 Coronavirus crisis in Thailand | Directory of Open Access Journals","The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between the resilience development for the entrepreneur's tourism sector (RDETS) and business performance (BP) from the Coronavirus crisis in Thailand. Using a mixed-methodology research model, data was collected from entrepreneurs in tourism in Thailand, thus a sample of 400 people from a population of 35,381,210 people, were analyzed with descriptive statistics and advanced statistics including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that firstly the resilience development for the entrepreneur's tourism sector (RDETS) has a direct and indirect positive impact on business performance (BP). Secondly, the recovery (RV) has a direct and indirect positive impact on RDETS, so that all factors are important to RDETS. The most important factors are resource mobilization (RM), crisis management (CM) and consequence mitigation (CM), respectively. Third, all factors of financial strength (FS) have a direct positive impact and are important to RDETS. The most important factors are insurance (IN), financial reserve and liquidity (FRL) and price margin (PM), respectively. Fourth, the two factors of capacity (CP) have a direct and indirect positive impact on RDETS, which are communication (CM) and reserve capacity (RC). The last, business performance (BP) which has a positive effect when using RDETS adapted for entrepreneurs tourism, found that it can enhance ownerreturn (OR), financial outcomes (FO) and reduce operation disruptions (ROD). Therefore, entrepreneur tourism should plan to manage a crisis by preparing resources or create a specific organization flowchart and consider using the recovery model of the RDETS in a comprehensive manner in a detailed approach for good business performance to be sustained in tourism.","","",NA," Narrative review; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"237","Pandemic panic","","Uhl, D.","",2020," Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"238","Online meetings for 12-Step and other support groups","The study showing that Alcoholics Anonymous as as effective, or more effective, than psychotherapy (see ?Research: AA is better pathway to abstinence than psychotherapy,? ADAW March 16, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adaw.32655) was published a few days before COVID-19 federal and state restrictions on group gatherings (?social distancing?) took effect, making AA and other meetings untenable. This seems like cruel timing. But John Kelly, Ph.D., one of the authors of the study, provided the below infographic to ADAW on other meetings. And Keith Humphreys, Ph.D., co-author, was quoted recently on ABC News saying that he is concerned about patients with extreme mental health issues such as addiction, for whom face-to-face contact is key.","Knopf, Alison","10.1002/adaw.32667",2020," Opinion piece; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"239","COVID-19: a fast evolving pandemic | Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Oxford Academic","On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) office in China received a report of 29 pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology in Wuhan city in Hubei province, central China. Within 1 week it became clear that the initial cases were associated with a seafood market where live poultry and wild animals were also sold. The virus was quickly identified as a novel beta-coronavirus and the genetic sequence was shared on 12 January 2020. The infection is now officially termed COVID-19 and the virus SARS-CoV-2. News of this outbreak gave many public health officials an involuntary shudder as they recalled the parallels with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak that arose in China in November 2002. That outbreak was also caused by a novel coronavirus spilling over from an animal reservoir and transmitted by respiratory droplets. SARS spread to many parts of the world through international air travel, caused more than 8000 cases and 774 deaths and cost in the region US$20 billion to control. Within less than a month COVID-19 had spread throughout China and to neighbouring countries, even to the USA and Europe. It became clear that the new virus was highly transmissible from person to person but was considerably less virulent, with less than 20% of cases being classified as severe. It has the clinical features of an atypical pneumonia with fever, dry cough, fatigue, dyspnoea and myalgia and is more often severe in those with comorbidities and the elderly. Since there are no specific therapies or vaccines available, standard public health measures appropriate for a virus spread by droplets, close contact and on environmental surfaces were instituted. The Chinese authorities conducted active case finding and testing, contact tracing and quarantining of cases and contacts. The public was advised to stay at home if sick, in an effort to control the spread of the virus. On 30 January 2020 the WHO declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern, their highest level of severity, at a time when there were almost 10<U+2009>000 confirmed cases, more than 200 deaths and it had spread to 20 countries. The Chinese authorities had by then instituted highly stringent control measures, including stopping flights and public transport in Wuhan and other major cities, closing animal wet markets, extending the New Year holiday period in an effort to prevent mass travel, reducing movements within cities, minimizing mass gatherings, keeping schools closed, staggering office and factory working hours and restricting movement on the streets. The wearing of face masks became compulsory and, in effect, the population of Hubei province, more than 50 million people, were in quarantine. The authorities also built two new hospitals with more than 2500 beds within 2 weeks to cope with the surge in demand for medical care. By the middle of March, less than 3 months into the epidemic, there had been more than 200 000 cases confirmed worldwide with more than 8000 deaths, vastly surpassing the SARS epidemic. The number of cases reported has been highest in China, although cases have now been reported in 159 countries and territories on six continents. Over 70 countries have instituted travel restrictions. The main initial battle to control this epidemic has been in China, where heroic public health measures have bought the rest of the world time and may have reduced the effective reproduction number to close to 1, thereby bringing the epidemic under control. However, the rest of the world needs to maintain high vigilance, as this virus is highly transmissible and can cause severe disease and death, as has been seen in countries such as South Korea, Iran and Italy. Indeed, the number of new cases is now highest in Europe. Containment through case finding and isolation and contact tracing and social distancing remain the key public health approaches to controlling the epidemic in all parts of the world. This is particularly important for countries in sub-Saharan Africa and also those parts of South and Central America and Asia that are not well-prepared for outbreaks. Global solidarity and support are essential, as infectious diseases can easily cross borders, and as John Nkengasong, from the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) has said, The global health chain is only as strong as its weakest link, so a disease threat anywhere can quickly become a threat everywhere. Preparedness to respond to outbreaks is weak in many countries. Of the 45 low-income countries that have undertaken a national preparedness assessment, none have been deemed ready to respond, making them particularly vulnerable to outbreaks. There are many reasons for this, including poor health and nutrition, exacerbated by high rates of concomitant human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis, and low influenza vaccination rates; poor quality of healthcare and resource constraints, as low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) spend on average only $267 annually per person on health; and vulnerable supply chains and weak medicine procurement, and up to 30% of medicines are substandard or falsified. In response to the outbreak, the African Union Commission is strengthening partnerships and coordination across the continent, including a common approach for monitoring and movement restriction of people at risk for COVID-19 and for information sharing. The WHO has found the regional readiness level to be only 66%, with critical gaps and a need to strengthen the capacities for countries to investigate alerts, treat patients in isolation facilities and improve infection, prevention and control (IPC) in health facilities and communities. More than 40 experts have deployed to 10 countries to support preparedness activities and the diagnostic capacity for COVID-19 has been strengthened, with 17 countries now having at least some capacity for laboratory testing.[Truncated]","Jimmy, Whitworth","",2020," Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"240","Recommendations for the prevention, mitigation and containment of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in haemodialysis centres | Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation | Oxford Academic","COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel coronavirus, is a major global human threat that has turned into a pandemic. This novel coronavirus has specifically high morbidity in the elderly and in comorbid populations. Uraemic patients on dialysis combine an intrinsic fragility and a very frequent burden of comorbidities with a specific setting in which many patients are repeatedly treated in the same area (haemodialysis centres). Moreover, if infected, the intensity of dialysis requiring specialized resources and staff is further complicated by requirements for isolation, control and prevention, putting healthcare systems under exceptional additional strain. Therefore, all measures to slow if not to eradicate the pandemic and to control unmanageably high incidence rates must be taken very seriously. The aim of the present review of the European Dialysis (EUDIAL) Working Group of ERA-EDTA is to provide recommendations for the prevention, mitigation and containment in haemodialysis centres of the emerging COVID-19 pandemic. The management of patients on dialysis affected by COVID-19 must be carried out according to strict protocols to minimize the risk for other patients and personnel taking care of these patients. Measures of prevention, protection, screening, isolation and distribution have been shown to be efficient in similar settings. They are essential in the management of the pandemic and should be taken in the early stages of the disease.","Carlo Basile, Christian Combe Francesco Pizzarelli Adrian Covic Andrew Davenport Mehmet Kanbay Dimitrios Kirmizis Daniel Schneditz Frank van der Sande Sandip Mitra on behalf of the Eudial Working Group of E. R. A. Edta","",2020," Normative guidance; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"241","Amid conference cancellations, leaders advance with support","In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and in the interest of keeping staff, employees and consumers with mental health and substance use disorders safe, many organizations have had to cancel scheduled conferences and annual meetings. Officials and leaders, meanwhile, are moving forward with helping their members and the public stay safe during this outbreak.","Canady, Valerie A.","10.1002/mhw.32285",2020," Opinion piece; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"242","COVID-19 outbreak represents a new way of mental health service delivery","Increased mental health disorders, prolonged isolation, hospital bed adequacy, lost revenue and staff safety are among the myriad of concerns the field is dealing with in the wake of the COVID-19 epidemic. And for some staff, protective gear is in order.","Canady, Valerie A.","10.1002/mhw.32282",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"243","Coronavirus infection and pregnancy (Covid-19)","Guidelines. The Czech Society for Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyne issues this opinion in connection with statements of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international authorities regarding the concerns about COVID-19 infection in pregnancy. The impact of this years coronavirus COVID-19 infection on pregnant women seems to be less severe than in previous years of H1N1 influenza type A, SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV. From the information published so far it was not possible to prove the transmission of infection from mother to fetus. It also seems that there is no risk of vertical transmission during breastfeeding. This opinion does not replace the recommendations and opinions issued by governmental bodies such as the Ministry of Health and others, and concerns solely consultation of pregnant women.","Calda, P.; Breták, M.; Fischerová, D.; Zikán, M.; Smetanová, D.; Machala, L.","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"244","COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy | Oxford Academic","A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, has swept across 31 provinces in China and over 40 countries worldwide. The transition from first symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is highly likely to be due to uncontrolled cytokine release. There is an urgent need to identify safe and effective drugs for treatment. Chloroquine (CQ) exhibits a promising inhibitory effect. However, the clinical use of CQ can cause severe side effects. We propose that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which exhibits an antiviral effect highly similar to that of CQ, could serve as a better therapeutic approach. HCQ is likely to attenuate the severe progression of COVID-19, inhibiting the cytokine storm by suppressing T cell activation. It has a safer clinical profile and is suitable for those who are pregnant. It is cheaper and more readily available in China. We herein strongly urge that clinical trials are performed to assess the preventive effects of HCQ in both disease infection and progression.","Dan Zhou, Sheng-Ming Dai Qiang Tong","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"245","First imported case of 2019 novel coronavirus in Canada, presenting as mild pneumonia (vol 395, pg 734, 2020)","","Silverstein, W. K.; Stroud, L.; Cleghorn, G. E.; Leis, J. A.","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"246","Liver and Kidney Injuries in COVID-19 and Their Effects on Drug Therapy; a Letter to Editor","","Rismanbaf, Ali; Zarei, Sara","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"247","Coronavirus Pandemic and Worries during Pregnancy; a Letter to Editor","","Rashidi Fakari, Farzaneh; Simbar, Masoumeh","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"248","COVID-19 Update with NIAIDs Anthony Fauci, MD; March 18, 2020 | Global Health | JN Learning | AMA Ed Hub","Diagnostic testing, NSAIDs, ACE Inhibitors, antivirals, and more. Anthony Fauci, MD from NIAID discusses latest developments in the spread and clinical management of COVID-19 and the SARS-CoV-2 virus with JAMA Editor Howard Bauchner, MD.","Fauci, N. IAIDs Anthony","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"249","Preliminary case report on the SARS-CoV-2 cluster in the UK, France, and Spain","Almost half of the confirmed COVID-19 cases detected so far in the United Kingdom are part of a large cluster of 13 British nationals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the UK, Spain, and France. Transmissions among this cluster occurred at a ski resort in France, and originated from a single infected traveller returning from a conference in Singapore where he acquired the virus. At least 21 individuals were exposed to the virus, tested, and quarantined, with 13 of those testing positive between the period of 6th February and 15th February. Here, all publicly available information about the primarily UK/France cluster is consolidated, providing a complete and accessible summary of the cases and their connections. Notable in this cluster are the number of individuals infected, the apparent absence of any severe illness among those infected, and a case of a ""delayed positive"" test during isolation after initially testing negative, at least 7 days after last possible contact.","Emma, Hodcroft B.","",2020," Narrative review; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"250","Fluxograma para atendimento e detecção precoce de COVID-19 em pronto atendimento UPA 24 horas e unidade hospitalar não definida como referência","","Brasil. Ministério da, Saúde","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"251","Plano de Contingência Nacional para Infecção Humana pelo novo Coronavírus COVID-19","Este documento apresenta o Plano de Contingência Nacional para Infecção Humana pelo novo Coronavírus (COVID-19) em caso de surto e define o nível de resposta e a estrutura de comando correspondente a ser configurada, em cada nível de resposta. Em 29 de dezembro de 2019, um hospital em Wuhan admitiu quatro pessoas com pneumonia e reconheceu que as quatro haviam trabalhado no Mercado Atacadista de Frutos do Mar de Huanan, que vende aves vivas, produtos aquáticos e vários tipos de animais selvagens ao público. O hospital relatou essa ocorrência ao Centro de Controle de Doenças (CDC-China) e os epidemiologistas de campo da China (FETP-China) encontraram pacientes adicionais vinculados ao mercado e, em 30 de dezembro, as autoridades de saúde da província de Hubei notificaram esse cluster ao CDC da China. A partir desse momento uma série de ações foram adotadas, culminando com a ativação no dia 22 de janeiro de 2020 do Centro de Operações de Emergência em Saúde Pública (COE-COVID-19), do Ministério da Saúde (MS) coordenado pela Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), com o objetivo de nortear a atuação do MS na resposta à possível emergência de saúde pública, buscando uma atuação coordenada no âmbito do SUS. O Brasil adota a ferramenta de classificação de emergência em três níveis, seguindo a mesma linha utilizada globalmente na preparação e resposta em todo o mundo. Deste modo, recomenda-se que as Secretarias de Saúde dos Municípios, Estados e Governo Federal, bem como serviços de saúde pública ou privada, agências, empresas tomem nota deste plano na elaboração de seus planos de contingência e medidas de resposta. Toda medida deve ser proporcional e restrita aos riscos vigentes.","Brasil. Ministério da, Saúde","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"252","Interrupting transmission of COVID-19: lessons from containment efforts in Singapore | Journal of Travel Medicine | Oxford Academic","Despite multiple importations resulting in local chains of transmission, Singapore has been able to control the COVID-19 outbreak without major disruption to daily living. In this article, we describe the combination of measures taken by Singapore to contain COVID-19 and share some early lessons learnt from the experience.","Vernon J Lee, Calvin J. Chiew Wei Xin Khong","",2020," Normative guidance; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"253","Limiting spread of COVID-19 from cruise ships - lessons to be learnt from Japan | QJM: An International Journal of Medicine | Oxford Academic","Spread of COVID-19 infection on a Cruise Ship in Yokohama, Japan Japan's response to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has been problematic since the outbreak was first reported in China. A typical example was the case of a cruise ship Diamond Princess, anchored in Yokohama, Japan. As of March, 6, the WHO officially reported that there were 17,481 laboratory-confirmed cases of Covid-19 infection globally outside China. In Japan, there were 1,045 such cases, but there were 696 laboratory-confirmed cases on the Diamond Princess.1 The Japanese government have quarantined the ships 3,711 passengers and crew members since February 5, 2020 until February 19, under the Japans Quarantine Act enacted in 1951, effectively prohibiting the disembarkation of anyone onto Japanese soil. We have three primary concerns about this quarantine action. First, the quarantine in the cruise ship may not be effective enough to prevent the contagion of the virus in Japan. Although the disease has a relatively low case fatality rate (currently 0.3% in China), each COVID-19 infected individual is reported to infect 2.2 people, similarly to the influenza virus, a basic reproductive number of which is 1.4-4.0.2 Given the fact that Japan has received hundreds of thousands of Chinese tourists since the start of the outbreak in earlyDecember, several of whom may have been from the Wuhan region, it is obvious that COVID-19 is already in Japan, as evidenced by the 13 locally-transmitted individuals, including a taxi driver and bus driver who had transported Chinese tourists at the time when the quarantine was initiated. Second, quarantine in the cruise ship could accelerate a contagion of the virus in the ship since it has been reported that cruise ships can become incubators of the viruses because a large number of people are packed in the semi-enclosed space, with limited sanitation as we as restricted water and food supply.3 Indeed, the infection on the cruise ship appears not to have been well-controlled, and the number of infected people has been steadily rising, with 137 new confirmed cases on February 16, according to WHOs daily update. Third, care for the passengers and crew members has been poor. The majority of the passenger of the ship are the elderly, with more than 200 people over the age of 80. As Japan has learned from past emergencies, the elderly, especially those with existing with comorbidities, are at grave risk not just from the emerging Covid-19 infection, but from the physical and psychological stress that may make their existing ailments worse, actually jeopardizing their health and well being. With increased international criticism of the poor management of the those on board, the Japanese government allowed some elderly passengers to leave the ship on February 14, rather than wait until the quarantine ends on February 19. As of February 23, 36 severe cases of the COVID-19 have been reported among the passengers, requiring treatment in land-based intensive care units. After this quarantine on the cruise ship, hundreds of others on board had been repatriated to their home countries, where they will start another 14 days of quarantine. There is growing global concern about how illegal immigrants and individuals such as the potentially infected on the Diamond Princess, are being treated. We believe that the response of the authorities to the cruise ship dilemma has not been patient-oriented with respect to those on board. While it is important to respect the concept of quarantining people who could pose a significant danger to the nations entire population, which is the governments overriding responsibility, alternative solutions may be possible. The reported development of a 15-minute https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/qjm Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa092/5805396 by Kobbe University Library user on 16 March 2020 blood-based Covid-1- test kit by Chinese scientists may help in future, if it is accurate and does not produce repeated false-negatives as the existing test does. Similarly, creation of a purposebuilt mass quarantine facility somewhere in Japan would be useful. We hope learned from this experience in Japan would be help improve the situation on a cruise ship Grand Princess off the coast of California, where 21 Covid-19 cases were confirmed on March 5.","Toyoaki Sawano, M. D. Akihiko Ozaki M. D. Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales M. D. HonDSc Tetsuya Tanimoto M. D. Ranjit Sah M. D.","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"254","Coronavirus in ItalyReport From the Front Lines | Critical Care Medicine | JN Learning | AMA Ed Hub","Physicians in Lombardy, Italy, have been overwhelmed by COVID-19 patients requiring critical care. Based on an existing ECMO center network they developed an ICU network to rapidly identify, triage, and manage patients infected with SARS-2-CoV. Maurizio Cecconi, MD, of Humanitas University in Milan discusses the regions approach to the surge, including clinical and supply management, health care worker training and protection, and ventilation strategies, with JAMA Editor Howard Bauchner.","","",NA," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"255","Pathogenic T cells and inflammatory monocytes incite inflammatory storm in severe COVID-19 patients","Pathogenic human coronavirus infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), cause high morbidity and mortality1, 2 . Recently, a severe pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was reported at December 2019 in the city Wuhan, Hubei province, China3, 4, 5, which was also named as pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome (PARS)6 and can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to seriously endanger human health. Up to 24th of February 2020, at least 77779 cases have been reported with 2666 fatal cases according to the report from China CDC. However, the immune mechanism that potential orchestrated acute mortality from COVID-19 patients is still unknown. Here we show that after the SARS-CoV-2 infection, CD4+ T lymphocytes are rapidly activated to become pathogenic T helper (Th) 1 cells and generate GM-CSF etc. The cytokines environment induces inflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocytes with high expression of IL-6 and accelerate the inflammation. Given that large amount of inflammatory cells infiltrations have been observed in lungs from severe COVID-19 patients7, 8, these aberrant pathogenic Th1 cells and inflammatory monocytes may enter the pulmonary circulation in huge numbers and play an immune damaging role to causing lung functional disability and quick mortality. Our results demonstrate that excessive non-effective host immune responses by pathogenic T cells and inflammatory monocytes may associate with severe lung pathology. Thus, we suggest that monoclonal antibodies targeting GM-CSF or interleukin 6 may be effective in blocking inflammatory storms and, therefore, be a promising treatment of severe COVID-19 patients","Yonggang Zhou, Binqing Fu Xiaohu Zheng Dongsheng Wang Changcheng Zhao Yingjie qi Rui Sun Zhigang Tian Xiaoling Xu Haiming Wei","",2020," Comparative study, RCT; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"256","COVID-19 Transmission within a family cluster by presymptomatic infectors in China | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic","We report a COVID-19 family cluster caused by a presymptomatic case. There were 9 family members, including 8 laboratory-confirmed with COVID-19, and a 6-year-old child had no evidence of infection. Amongst the 8 patients, one adult and one 13-month-old infant were asymptomatic, one adult was diagnosed as having severe pneumonia.","Guoqing Qian, Naibin Yang Ada Hoi Yan Ma Liping Wang Guoxiang Li Xueqin Chen Xiaomin Chen","",2020," Case study/series; Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"257","SARS-CoV2: should inhibitors of the reninangiotensin system be withdrawn in patients with COVID-19? | European Heart Journal | Oxford Academic","In a rapid response published online by the British Medical Journal, Sommerstein and Gräni1 pushed forward the hypothesis that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACE-Is) could act as a potential risk factor for fatal Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by up-regulating ACE2. This notion was quickly picked up by the lay press and sparked concerns among physicians and patients regarding the intake of inhibitors of the reninangiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS) by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infected individuals.1 In this article, we try to shed light on what is known and unknown regarding the RAAS and SARS-CoV2 interaction. We find translational evidence for diverse roles of the RAAS, which allows to formulate also the opposite hypothesis, i.e. that inhibition of the RAAS might be protective in COVID-19.[Truncated]","Gabriela M Kuster, Otmar Pfister Thilo Burkard Qian Zhou Raphael Twerenbold Philip Haaf Andreas F. Widmer Stefan Osswald","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"258","Pediatric Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection UAE | Directory of Open Access Journals","Introduction In 2012, MERS-CoV was identified in Saudi Arabia and resulted in more than 2442 confirmed cases worldwide by May 2019. MERS-CoV infection in children is less common. A review of MERS-CoV in children from 2012 to April 2016 summarized the clinical manifestation of 31 reported cases. Most children were asymptomatic or had mild respiratory symptoms, and severe infection reported in patients with comorbid conditions. We aimed to study the clinical characteristics of pediatric MERS CoV infected cases in UAE supported by literature review.","ChandrasekharNair2R.Hashmey, AlKindi S.","",2020," Case study/series; Other related diseases and viruses","WHO",""
"259","Diagnosis and rational approach to emergency vascular surgery in the shadow of novel coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To explore a safe, effective and rapid rescue method and key points for the management of vascular surgical emergencies in an area under guaranting Covid-19 (corona virus disease 2019) . Methods Under the guidance of COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment guidelines , 4 cases of vascular surgical emergency patients admitted to our department from Feb 1 to Feb 10, 2020 were screened for COVID-19 and given emergency vascular surgical treatment. Results Two patients had acute thoracic aortic dissection, one patient had acute left foot ulcer with infection, one patient had severe carotid artery stenosis and frequent TIA. All patients were diagnosed quickly according to the three-level triage process. Endovascular repair (TEVAR) was performed in 2 cases, carotid stenting in 1 case, and left foot amputation in 1 case. Two patients running postoperative fever below 38℃ were safely excluded COVID-19 and cured. There were no other major morbidities nor mortality. Conclusions Under the COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines, the establishing of a comprehensive prevention and control system of patient-medicine-care-management helps to perform confine operation on vascular surgical emergency.","BAI, Jun","",2020," Case study/series; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"260","Prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CLpro) structure: virtual screening reveals velpatasvir, ledipasvir, and other drug repurposing candidates","We prepared the three-dimensional model of the SARS-CoV-2 (aka 2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CLpro) using the crystal structure of the highly similar (96% identity) ortholog from the SARS-CoV. All residues involved in the catalysis, substrate binding and dimerisation are 100% conserved. Comparison of the polyprotein PP1AB sequences showed 86% identity. The 3C-like cleavage sites on the coronaviral polyproteins are highly conserved. Based on the near-identical substrate specificities and high sequence identities, we are of the opinion that some of the previous progress of specific inhibitors development for the SARS-CoV enzyme can be conferred on its SARS-CoV-2 counterpart. With the 3CLpro molecular model, we performed virtual screening for purchasable drugs and proposed 16 candidates for consideration. Among these, the antivirals ledipasvir or velpatasvir are particularly attractive as therapeutics to combat the new coronavirus with minimal side effects, commonly fatigue and headache. The drugs Epclusa (velpatasvir/sofosbuvir) and Harvoni (ledipasvir/sofosbuvir) could be very effective owing to their dual inhibitory actions on two viral enzymes.","Yu Wai Chen, Chin-Pang Bennu Yiu, Kwok-Yin Wong","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"261","The race to unravel the United States biggest coronavirus outbreak","Rohit Shankar left the virology laboratory at 2 a.m. on Wednesday, and was back at the lab bench by 7 a.m. the same day. Its okay, he says, I had a doughnut and a coffee. Shankar, a medical scientist, and his colleagues at the University of Washington in Seattle are poised to exponentially drive up the number of confirmed cases of the coronavirus disease COVID-19 around the city, in western Washington state. Thats because this week, they began analysing a mountain of nose and throat swabs collected from hospitals in the region. Already, the researchers are seeing clear signs that the virus has infected vastly more people than have been formally detected. Scientists fear coronavirus spread in countries least able to contain it Washington state has become the United States ground zero for COVID-19, which has now spread to more than 90 countries worldwide in what seems to be a new and dangerous phase of the outbreak. Washington has declared a state emergency, and ten people there have died from the disease. But the number of confirmed cases in Washington 70 is still an underestimate resulting from a lack of testing, researchers agree. A genomic analysis posted online on 29 February suggested that hundreds of people in western Washington might already be infected. Academic scientists have mostly been prevented from measuring the extent of the US outbreak because of federal rules restricting the number of labs qualified to run diagnostic tests. But that is changing now, and helps account for why the state's caseload jumped from 10 to 70 this week. Dozens of virologists and genomicists have now kicked into high gear in Seattle, dropping or adapting projects to devote resources to the outbreak. Researchers are working around the clock to find out how many people have the disease in the area. Others are analysing genomes to reveal how the virus is transmitted or developing new therapies. The scientists are racing to help Washington avoid the fate of Hubei province in China, where more than 2,900 people have died of COVID-19 so far. The coronavirus emerged in the provinces city Wuhan in December, and the initial response from officials was slow. We are past the point of containment, says Helen Chu, an infectious-disease specialist at the University of Washington School of Medicine (UW Medicine) in Seattle. So now we need to keep the people who are vulnerable from getting sick.","Maxmen, Amy","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"262","Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China","Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.","Wang, Cuiyan; Pan, Riyu; Wan, Xiaoyang; Tan, Yilin; Xu, Linkang; Ho, S. Cyrus; Ho, C. Roger","10.3390/ijerph17051729",2020," Narrative review; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"263","First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020","A cluster of pneumonia of unknown origin was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 [1]. On 12 January 2020, Chinese authorities shared the sequence of a novel coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolated from some clustered cases [2]. Since then, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As at 21 February 2020, the virus had spread rapidly mostly within China but also to 28 other countries, including in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region [3-5]. Here we describe the epidemiology of the first cases of COVID-19 in this region, excluding cases reported in the United Kingdom (UK), as at 21 February 2020. The study includes a comparison between cases detected among travellers from China and cases whose infection was acquired due to subsequent local transmission.%R doi:https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.9.2000178","Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gaymard, Alexandre; Bella, Antonino; Sognamiglio, Paola; Sierra Moros, Maria José; Riutort, Antonio Nicolau; Demina, Yulia V.; Mahieu, Romain; Broas, Markku; Bengnér, Malin; Buda, Silke; Schilling, Julia; Filleul, Laurent; Lepoutre, Agnès; Saura, Christine; Mailles, Alexandra; Levy-Bruhl, Daniel; Coignard, Bruno; Bernard-Stoecklin, Sibylle; Behillil, Sylvie; van der Werf, Sylvie; Valette, Martine; Lina, Bruno; Riccardo, Flavia; Nicastri, Emanuele; Casas, Inmaculada; Larrauri, Amparo; Salom Castell, Magdalena; Pozo, Francisco; Maksyutov, Rinat A.; Martin, Charlotte; Van Ranst, Marc; Bossuyt, Nathalie; Siira, Lotta; Sane, Jussi; Tegmark-Wisell, Karin; Palmérus, Maria; Broberg, Eeva K.; Beauté, Julien; Jorgensen, Pernille; Bundle, Nick; Pereyaslov, Dmitriy; Adlhoch, Cornelia; Pukkila, Jukka; Pebody, Richard; Olsen, Sonja; Ciancio, Bruno Christian","",2020," Case study/series; Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"264","Coronavirus latest: children are as susceptible as adults, study suggests","Updates on the respiratory illness that has infected tens of thousands of people and killed thousands. Children are just as likely to get infected with the new coronavirus as adults, finds one of the most detailed studies yet published on the spread of the virus, known as SARS-CoV-2. The analysis based on data from Shenzhen, China provides a partial answer to one of the most pressing questions surrounding the outbreak: the role of children.","Nature","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"265","Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic","","Zandifar, Atefeh; Badrfam, Rahim","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101990",2020," Opinion piece; Ethics, social science, economics; Other related diseases and viruses","WHO",""
"266","Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): An Emerging Infectious Disease in the 21st Century","Background: At the beginning of the New Year 2020, China alerted the world health organization (WHO) to a cluster of unusual pneumonia cases in Wuhan. After extensive speculation, eventually a new species of coronavirus introduced as the causative pathogen of the disease. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a name for the disease, and the virus that causes it is known SARS-CoV-2. The very rapid spread of the COVID-19 in China and in many other countries has caused fear among people across the world. The novel coronavirus outbreak declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020. Materials and Methods: Several databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, and BioRxiv were searched for publications reporting on the novel coronavirus up to 29 February 2020. Literature searches were performed using keywords including Coronavirus 2019, 2019-nCoV, COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, websites such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were searched to retrieve updated data and statistics regarding the novel coronavirus. We extracted data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, virology, clinical manifestations, transmission routes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention measures. Results: From the 1416 articles identified in the initial search, 53 were remained after title and abstract screening. After full-text review, 37 articles were eligible to include in our study. Incubation period for COVID-19 is between 2-10 days, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The case fatality rate in patients infected with SARC-CoV-2 is 4.3%, and the results indicate that the mortality is higher in elderly individuals and patients with chronic conditions including patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, and hypertension. The mortality rate in healthy subjects is less than 1%. Conclusion: The outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus is larger than the previous human coronaviruses, showing that the SARS-CoV-2 is an extremely contagious virus. However, the mortality rate of COVID-19 is lower than that of other coronaviruses diseases such as SARS or MERS and other viruses like HIV and Ebola. Currently, due to the lack of an effective treatment and vaccine, the best way to deal with the COVID-19 disease is to prevent transmission and spread of the virus and to execute personal protective measures.","Keshavarz, Ahmad Tavakoli; Katayon, Vahdat; Mohsen","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"267","Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19","Objective: To investigate the mental health of clinical first-line medical staff in COVID-19 epidemic and provide theoretical basis for psychological intervention. Method: The mental health status of the first-line medical staff was investigated by Self-rating Anxiety Acale (SAS) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-rating Scale(PTSD-SS). From February 7 to 14, 2020, 246 medical staff were investigated who participated in the treatment of COVID-19 using cluster sampling , and received 230 responses, with a recovery rate of 93.5%. Results: The incidence of anxiety in medical staff was 23.04% (53/230), and the score of SAS was (42.91 ± 10.89). Among them, the incidence of severe anxiety, moderate anxiety and mild anxiety were 2.17% (5/230), 4.78% (11/230) and 16.09% (37/230), respectively. The incidence of anxiety in female medical staff was higher than that in male [25.67% (48/187) vs 11.63% (5/43), Z=-2.008, P=0.045], the score of SAS in female medical staff was higher than that in male [(43.78±11.12) vs (39.14 ± 9.01), t =-2.548, P=0.012]. The incidence of anxiety in nurses was higher than that in doctors [26.88% (43/160) vs 14.29% (10/70), Z=-2.066, P=0.039], and the score of SAS in nurses was higher than that in doctors [(44.84±10.42) vs (38.50±10.72), t =-4.207, P<0.001]. The incidence of stress disorder in medical staff was 27.39% (63/230), and the score of PTSD-SS was (42.92 ± 17.88). The score of PTSD-SS in female medical staff was higher than that of male [(44.30±18.42) vs(36.91 ± 13.95), t=-2.472, P=0.014]. Conclusions: In COVID-19 epidemic, the incidence of anxiety and stress disorder is high among medical staff. Medical institutions should strengthen the training of psychological skills of medical staff. Special attention should be paid to the mental health of female nurses.","Huang, J. Z.; Han, M. F.; Luo, T. D.; Ren, A. K.; Zhou, X. P.","10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200219-00063",2020," Epidemiological study; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"268","Get Real","Since this is going to be a post about the coronavirus, lets start off with this PSA: wash your hands. ... OK, either tomorrow or Friday I hope to do a post on all the things that are going on in the biopharma industry for a possible coronavirus treatment. ... It was clearly related to the virus from the first case (reported on January 19 in the same county in Washington state), descended from it in a way that makes it almost certain that the coronavirus has been spreading undetected among that population for weeks.","Lowe, Derek","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"269","The First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Imported into Korea from Wuhan, China: Implication for Infection Prevention and Control Measures","In December 2019, a viral pneumonia outbreak caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), began in Wuhan, China. We report the epidemiological and clinical features of the first patient with 2019-nCoV pneumonia imported into Korea from Wuhan. This report suggests that in the early phase of 2019-nCoV pneumonia, chest radiography would miss patients with pneumonia and highlights taking travel history is of paramount importance for early detection and isolation of 2019-nCoV cases.","Kim, Jin Yong","",2020," Case study/series; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"270","Viral Load Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in First Two Patients in Korea","As of February 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak started in China in December 2019 has been spreading in many countries in the world.With the numbers of confirmed cases are increasing, information on the epidemiologic investigation and clinical manifestation have been accumulated. However, data on viral load kinetics in confirmed cases are lacking. Here, we present the viral load kinetics of the first two confirmed patients with mild to moderate illnesses in Korea in whom distinct viral load kinetics are shown. This report suggests that viral load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 may be different from that of previously reported other coronavirus infections such as SARS-CoV.","Kim, Jin Yong","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"271","New coronavirus","","","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"272","Novel coronavirus response","","","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"273","Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): Lessons of uncertainty and globalization","","Matter, M.","",2020," Opinion piece; Ethics, social science, economics; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"274","A novel 2019: Coronavirus","A novel coronavirus (SCoV) is the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). SCoV-like viruses were isolated from Himalayan palm civets found in a live-animal market in Guangdong, China. Evidence of virus infection was also detected in other animals (including a raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides) and in humans working at the same market. The detection of SCoV-like viruses in small, live wild mammals in a retail market indicates a route of interspecies transmission, although the natural reservoir is not known. This review summarizes both classical and contemporary discoveries in the study of the molecular biology of these infectious agents, with particular emphasis on the nature and recognition of viral receptors, viral RNA synthesis, and the molecular interactions governing viral assembly.","Dudhal, S.; Mahajan, M.; Mehetre, G.; Pawar, R.; Bhujbal, N.","",2020,"Other related diseases and viruses; Reservoir; Virology, immunology","WHO",""
"275","Medicine's Challenges: Vaping and Coronavirus","","DiRenna, James","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"276","The third coronavirus epidemic in the third millennium: what's next?","","Civljak, R.; Markotic, A.; Kuzman, I.","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"277","The differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease","Objective To investigate the principles of differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by analyzing one case of lymphoma who presented pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGO) after courses of chemotherapy. Methods Baseline demographics and clinicopathological data of eligible patients were retrieved from medical records. Information of clinical manifestations, history of epidemiology, lab tests and chest CT scan images of visiting patients from February 13 to February 28 were collected. Literatures about pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients were searched from databases including PUBMED, EMBASE and CNKI. Results Among the 139 cancer patients underwent chest CT scans before chemotherapy, pulmonary infiltrates were identified in eight patients (5.8%), five of whom were characterized as GGOs in lungs. 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing was performed in three patients and the results were negative. One case was a 66-year-old man diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and underwent CHOP chemotherapy regimen. His chest CT scan image displayed multiple GGOs in lungs and the complete blood count showed decreased lymphocytes. This patient denied any contact with confirmed/suspected cases of 2019-nCoV infection and without fever and other respiratory symptoms. Considering the negative result of nuclear acid testing, this patient was presumptively diagnosed as viral pneumonia and an experiential anti-infection treatment had been prescribed for him. Conclusions The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) complicates the clinical scenario of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients. The epidemic history, clinical manifestation, CT scan image and lab test should be combined consideration. The 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing might be applicated in more selected patients. Active anti-infection treatment and surveillance of patient condition should be initiated if infectious disease is considered.","ZHU, Wenjie; WANG, Jie; HE, Xiaohui; QIN, Yan; YANG, Sheng; HU, Xingsheng; WANG, Hongyu; HUANG, Jing; ZHOU, Aiping; MA, Fei; SHI, Yuankai; ZHOU, Shengyu","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"278","Discussion on the Management of Fever Clinic during the Epidemic Period of Corona Virus Disease 2019","Objective To investigate the role of epidemiological history in the screening of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in fever clinic, to improve the efficiency in fever clinic and reduce the incidence of cross infection. Methods This is a retrospective study. Patients who were admitted to the fever clinic in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 23 th , 2020 to February 11 th , 2020 included the study. According to epidemiological history, the patients were divided into epidemiological history group (the experimental group) and no epidemiological history group (the control group). The two groups of patients were admitted and treated separately. The clinical data, NEWS score, etiology results, viral pneumonia showed on CT, time of visit, COVID-19 patient ratio, and admission composition ratio were compared between the two groups. The measurement data were presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD), and the numeration data were expressed as ratio or constituent ratio. The measurement data of normal distribution between the two groups were compared by independent sample t test. The measurement data of skewed distribution are expressed by the median (interquartile range), and the comparison between the two groups is tested by non-parameter. The differences between enumeration data were assessed by chi-square test. A P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 2423 patients were included, including 927 patients in the experimental group and 1296 patients in the control group. There were no significant differences in gender, NEWS score and clinical symptoms between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The age (35.00 ± 12.80 vs 38.13 ± 15.57 years) , the proportion of fever patients (28.80% vs 32.75%) and waiting time (31.72 vs 58.08 min) of the experimental group were lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The CT examination ratio (37.54% vs 20.39%), viral pneumonia ratio showed on CT (9.77% vs 2.95%), ratio of examined COVID-19 nucleic acid test (85.44% vs 56.75%), and the admission ratio (16.72% vs 9.63%) of the experimental group were higher than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05); There was no significant difference in the positive rates of influenza virus and rhinovirus between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion It is necessary to adjust the management mode of fever clinic during the Corona Virus Disease 2019, and to manage the patients according to the epidemiological history which can improve the screening efficiency and reduce the risk of cross infection.","ZHOU, Yiwu; HE, Yanqi; JIANG, Zhen; LIU, Peng; CHEN, Yao; LAI, Shichao; CAO, Yu","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"279","Asymptomatic COVID-19 in pregnant woman with typical chest CT manifestation: a case report","We report a case of maternal asymptomatic COVID-19 in a patient with typical CT image of pneumonia in the third trimester, and both the mother and baby were well. The patient, a 30-year-old female, was transferred to Yichun People's Hospital at 37 +3 gestational weeks because of a positive 2019 novel coronavirus nucleic acid result over seven hours. Her husband and mother-in-law were diagnosed with COVID-19 eight days before her admission and on the same day, respectively. The patient reported no discomfort before admission, and there were no abnormalities in the prenatal course during her pregnancy. On February 13 (the second day of admission), a patchy blurred shadow was observed in the lower lobe of the right lung in chest CT scan, and a live baby girl was delivered by a precaution-based emergent cesarean section because of suspected fetal distress shown in electrical fetal heart monitoring. Both the mother and the newborn were isolated separately after the operation without etiological examination of amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, placenta, etc. All the medical staff involved in the cesarean section were isolated as well. The mother was healthy and remained asymptomatic after delivery, while antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment was offered. COVID-19 nucleic acid tests of pharyngeal swab were negative on the 4 th and 6 th day after operation. Chest CT on the 5 th day after delivery showed inflammation in the lower lobe of the right lung, and reexamination on the 8 th day showed a slight absorption of the inflammation. Samples of peripheral blood and pharynx swab were obtained from the newborn on the day of birth and four and seven days after birth and novel coronavirus nucleic acid test were all negative. The mother and baby dyad were discharged nine days after operation. And novel coronavirus nucleic acid tests were all negative in all medical staff involved.","ZHOU, Renbin; CHEN, Yixiang; LIN, Chuangxing; LI, Heida; CAI, Xiaoying; CAI, Zhiwei; LIN, Guangyu","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"280","Epidemiological survey on a family aggregation COVID-19 in Y County, Chenzhou City, Hunan","Objective To investigate epidemic characteristics of a family aggregation COVID-19, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of family aggregation epidemic. Methods] Field epidemiological methods were used to investigate the cases and close contacts of a family aggregation COVID-19 in Y County, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province. Descriptive statistical analysis was used on epidemiological data . The 2019-nCoV nucleic acid was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Results It was found that Ms. Deng was infected with COVID-19 and became the infectious source of the family aggregation epidemic , who had lived in Wuhan Hubei Province. Her boyfriend Mr. Cao became a second-generation case of COVID-19..Another two asymptomatic but infected persons were family members living with Ms.Deng . Conclusion COVID-19 easily spreads within families. The awareness of family members' protection, the education of new coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control in key groups should be strengthened to avoid the occurrence and spread of family aggregation epidemic.","ZHOU, Hong; ZHU, Han wu; CHEN, Bai tang; Z, Wen HENG; HE, De biao HENG; HUANG, Jian HENG; OUYANG, Shao feng HENG; HUANG, Jun xiao HENG; TAN, Hui HENG","",2020,"Epidemiology","WHO",""
"281","Necessity and feasibility of viral RNA detection in specialist ophthalmic institute during the COVID-19 epidemic","The prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in China is now at a key stage. The tasks faced by the medical organs are fighting against the COVID-19 while providing the medical services orderly. As a Specialist medical institution nationwide, ophthalmic hospitals are resuming receiving patients and performing operations gradually, including precision interruption of the epidemic, prevention of the secondary virus transmission, and avoidance of nosocomial cross infection among health care providers are required. We explored a multifaceted management for the prevention and control of epidemic, with a special focus on the individual protection for patients and medical staffs. A preliminary positive effect can be observed as a result. The main measures taken cover two aspects. On the one hand, 2019-nCoV ribonucleic acid (RNA) detection and hematological indices inspection including C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are listed as routine tests of preoperative screening for ocular surgical patients. These tests are required to be completed upon the admission to avoid the possibility of accepting any asymptomatic infected individual and to reduce the risk of nosocomial cross infection. On the other hand, the 2019-nCoV RNA detection is also provided to high-risk employees who visited affected area recently. This assists in obtaining guarantee in both safety and quality of medical services provided, but also helps in lessening the mental and spiritual stress for medical staffs. It is expected that these measures can contribute to the work of our peers of ophthalmology in the prevention and control of COVID-19 and to the safe environment where the medical services are provided, and provide a reference for other outbreak of virus-causing disease.","ZHENG, Meiqin","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"282","Individualized treatment recommendations for lung cancer patients at different stages of treatment during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease epidemic","In order to achieve the overall victory of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease epidemic in this 'war’, especially to prevent the disease recurrence from rebounding during the resumption of labor, the government has not loosened any control of personnel mobility, which has obviously affected the normal examination and treatment of lung cancer patients under the influence of this epidemic. During the epidemic period, cancer patients with low immunity levels face the double ordeals of disease and epidemic situation. Compared with the general population, they are more likely to be infected with the new coronavirus. Among the infected cancer patients, lung cancer is the most common type. It is necessary to provide more appropriate individualized treatment recommendations for patients with lung cancer based on the epidemic situation of the patient's location and in combination with the patient's own condition. Through active prevention of infection, timely conversion of treatment strategies, online and offline joint control, and positive psychological counseling, we significantly hope to help patients with lung cancer to survive this difficult period.","ZHAO, Zhe","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"283","Investigation of the mental health of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To evaluate the status and influencing factors of the mental health of patients with COVID-19 during isolation treatment. Methods From February 2nd to 16th, 2020, 106 COVID-19 patients were anonymously investigated for their mental health status using onlinequestionnaires (including Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-15 scales). The patients were from Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College ofHuazhong University of Science and Technology. After data processing, SPSS19.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results Of the 106 COVID-19 patients, 46 were male and 60 were female, with an age of (35.90±11.92) years. The detection rates of depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms in those patients were 49.06% (52/106) , 56.60% (60/106) and 69.81% (74/106) respectively. The severe cases of depression (scale score greater than 19) , anxiety (scale score greater than 14) and somatic symptoms (scale score greater than 14) accounted for 9.43% (10/106) , 15.09% (16/106) and 20.75% (22/106) respectively. In addition, 67.92% (72/106) of the patients had sleep problems, 24.53% (26/106) had self-mutilating or suicidal thoughts, and 28.30% (30/106) required psychological counseling—all of which were at significantly higher percentages than those of the general population. Only 39.62% (42/106) of the examined patients had neither deression nor anxiety. By using the non-parametric test of rank conversion for analysis, and the results showed that both married patients and nucleic-acid-positive patients had more severe depressions, and both married patients and anoxemicpatients had more severe somatic symptoms. Conclusion This mental health assessment showed that depression, anxiety, and various somatic symptoms exist among the COVID-19 patients, and therefore early identification and intervention should be conducted to avoid extreme events such asself-mutilating or suicidal impulsivity, with a greater focus on both married patients and patients with severe symptoms.","ZHAO, Qian; HU, Caihong; FENG, Renjie; YANG, Yuan","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"284","Review on the study of spreading of the COVID-19 based on dynamic models","Objective To Summarize mathematical and statistical models used in the area of infectious diseases modelling, to provide ideas and suggestions for the model-based analysis and decision-making of COVID-19. Methods By reviewing the commonly used mathematical and statistical models in the analysis of infectious diseases, with a focus on the mathematical models of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) that have been published and their practical effects. Results Infectious diseases modelling based on multi-source information has become the main research trend, and the published mathematical models of COVID-19 epidemic need to be improved in terms of accuracy and scalability. Conclusions It is recommended to build a more advanced mathematical/statistical model by allowing for the characteristics of new coronaviruses and to use more informative data to improve the analysis and decision-making of the new epidemic.","ZHANG, Yunjun; ZHANG, Yuan; YOU, Chong; ZHOU, Xiaohua","",2020," Narrative review; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"285","Medical diagnosis and treatment strategies for malignant tumors of the digestive system during the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia","Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in December 2019, the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer have been facing great challenges. Although oncologists are not fighting on the front line to against the epidemic, during this special period, we should not only protect patients, their families and medical staff from the infection of novel Coronavirus, but also minimize the impact of the epidemic on the diagnosis and the treatment of patients with cancer. Combining the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of tumors with our clinical experience, in this epidemic period, we discuss the strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of malignant tumors of the digestive system in this article.","ZHANG, Yun; XU, Jianming","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"286","Exploration and analysis of the management mode of a cabin hospital during the outbreak of COVID-19","Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, cabin hospitals have played an important role in preventing the spread of the epidemic and admitting all the patients and suspected ones. As one of the first three cabin hospitals in Wuhan, Jianghan cabin hospital under care of Wuhan Union Hospital has efficiently fulfilled its purpose of admitting patients of mild symptoms. Measures taken by the cabin hospital include clearing its positioning, optimizing its layout, establishing organization structure, setting up the rules and regulations, and strengthening the prevention and control of hospital infection. This article briefly summed up the operation and management practices of the cabin hospital, and analyzed its management difficulties, hence putting forwards suggestions on medical emergency management system of China, for references of hospitals and authorities in charge.","ZHANG, Yidan; DING, Ning; HU, Yu; SUN, Hui; FU, Xinqiao; YU, Jiaohua; XU, Dong; ZHANG, Ming; ZHANG, Jinxiang","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"287","Analysis of family cluster infection with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia","Objective To explore the regularity and characteristics of the transmission of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia(NCP) in crowd, for provide a reference for pre-hospital first aid to identify and screen NCP and close contact, at the same time to improve protection awareness and reduce infection rates. Method: Retrospective analysis about the cases of familial aggregation transferred by Beijing Emergency Medical Center between January 20 and February 10, 2020,collect relevant information,including basic information,contact history,symptoms and signs, clinical outcome, etc. Results: The mean incubation period of familial cluster cases was 5.6d,mean time from onset of symptoms to first visit was 1.8d;Among the 5 family cluster cases, 4 had fever,mean body temperature 38ºC, the Sp0 2 averaged 96%; Among the 5 family cluster cases, 4 had cough, 2 had fatigue, and 1 had dyspnea. Conclusion: People are susceptible to infection to NCP,it spreads easily between close contacts, effective isolation is the focus of prevention and control among family members, it is also one of the difficulties of prevention and control.","ZHANG, Wei; TIAN, Sijia; WANG, Ying; CHEN, Hui; ZHANG, Jinjun","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"288","Epitranscriptome analysis of COVID-19 prevention and control","Objective The purpose of this review of COVID-19 related research is to deepen our understanding of SARS-CoV-2, which would be inspire new ideas for targeted drug development and vaccine design, and further empower the prevention and control COVID-19. Methods Through literature research and data analysis, we explored the process and mechanism of epitranscriptomics modification to regulate the replication and infectivity of COVID-19. Results Provide important ideas and technical support for the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infections and emerging epidemic diseases. Conclusions Taking the new research direction of epitranscriptomics as the starting point, it is expected to open up new scientific research concepts and paradigms.","ZHANG, Meiling; WANG, Kun; LIU, Xiao; PENG, Jinying; YI, Chengqi","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"289","Nutritional and Metabolic Support and the Treatment Strategy of Severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","The digestive tract is a target organ attacked by COVID-19. It is also the earliest affected organ other than the lung and must bear side effects from the anti-virus chemotherapy such as LPV/r. In this article, we aim to provide practical recommendations for a nutritional and metabolic management strategy for severe corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients. These recommendations are based on the newest pathophysiological findings on the risk factors of malnutrition for COVID-19. We also systematically retrieve literatures on nutritional therapy for acute lung injuries from international and Chinese databases according to evidence-based principles. Our suggestions are: 1) Physicians should be mindful of gut injury when they focus on respiratory support, by monitoring and managing the nutritional status; 2) Periodical and dynamic nutritional risk evaluation is needed; 3) For severe patients, the feeding target of calorie and protein should be down-regulated; 4)The using of ω-3 fatty acids products should be in accordance with pharmacological indications; the forms and dosage should be determined individually.","ZHANG, Jiancheng; JIANG, Hua; DENG, Lei; WANG, Kai; SUN, Mingwei; ZHOU, Ping; CHEN, Wei","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"290","Exploration of the ethical review criteria and management of COVID-19 Emergency Research","Objective Conduct comprehensive analysis of the regulatory requirement of ethical review regarding to the response of public health emergency, illustrate particular ethical review and ethical administration strategies for COVID-19 Emergency Research. Methods Theoretical discussion, case study and interpretation of international guidelines were adopted to explore challenges and possible best practices for ethical review of such research. Results The ethical review of COVID-19 emergency research should comply with regulatory requirement in general, combined with contextual background. Conclusions The ethical review approval criteria of COVID-19 emergency research should take into full consideration of its urgency to make sure efficient and high quality initial review, meanwhile, more attention should be paid on continuing ethical review and ethical consultation during the whole life-circle of COVID-19 Emergency Research.","ZHANG, Haihong; LI, Jie; XIAO, Yu; LIANG, Guowei; ZHAO, Liyan; ZHANG, Nannan","",2020," Narrative review; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"291","Study on the effect of nursing-technology integrated in the imaging examination of Novel coronavirus pneumonia","Currently, the outbreak of the new coronary pneumonia has entered a critical period of screening, prevention and control.In order to block the transmission of the virus in the radiology department, it is particularly important to effectively protect the medical servant while speeding up the flow of inspection.Based on the basis of notification of the bureau of disease control and prevention, the expert consensus of the CMA and CMDA, and the literature review, combined with the previous practical work experience,this article puts forward the recommendations on the important effect of nursing-technology integrated in the imaging examination of novel coronavirus pneumonia, in order to provide reference for the protection of medical servant in the radiology department at the front line of anti-epidemic.","ZHANG, Dechuan; LAI, Changsu; YI, Juan; REN, He; FANG, Yu; JIANG, Yang; FENG, Chen; LIANG, Xuqian; YANG, Huiping; YANG, Hua","",2020," Narrative review; Ethics, social science, economics; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"292","Analysis on the layout of Chinas emergency research projects during the public health emergency of COVID-19","Objective To explore the main layout and countermeasures of Scientific research projects during the public health emergency of COVID-19. Methods Literature investigation method is applied to collect information of scientific research and emergency research projects of COVID-19 funded since January 20th by different entities including national, provincial and municipal administrative departments, public health agencies, research institutes, universities and industries. Results Along with priorities identified for the emergency response and key research agendas, the national science and technology authorities at all levels and scientific research institutions have deployed a series of new science and technology projects, as well as a number of supporting policies and measures. Conclusions In the campaign of science and technology to deal with COVID-19, the leadership of Chinese government and their coordination with local agencies facilitated quick response in both R&D investment and supporting policies. Periodical achievement is recognized so far, and with the continuous development and in-depth research, the related scientific research results will be gathered into the core force of epidemic prevention. Moreover, it will improve China's capacity to deal with health emergencies and the level of medical health innovation, and better protect the health of the people.","ZHANG, Bi","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"293","Prevention and control strategies of new coronavirus pneumonia in general hospitals","The new coronavirus pneumonia has been listed as one of the Class B infectious disease but is managed as Class A infectious disease. To prevent and control its spread in hospitals, the outpatient department is the first key gate. Based on the relevant diagnosis and treatment strategies of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, combined with the actual situation of the hospital's epidemic prevention and control work, this article formulated comprehensive prevention and control strategies from the perspective of the patients and staffs. From the aspects of organization and leadership, medical epidemic prevention, pre-screening and screening, process formulation, admission management, cleaning and disinfection, epidemic report, prevention and control supervision, personnel and material deployment, patient education, comprehensive management, personnel management and psychological support and so on, advice and guidance on prevention and control of this infectious disease in outpatient department of hospital were provided.","YU, Jiang; HU, Lin; GUO, Qin; ZHU, Dan; XU, Jing; LIAO, Tongquan","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"294","Comparison of heart failure and 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in chest CT features and clinical characteristics","Objective To identify the characteristics including clinical features and pulmonary computed tomography (CT) features of heart failure and novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19). Methods This study was a retrospective study. A total of 7 patients with Heart failure and 12 patients with COVID-19 in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between December 1, 2019 and February 15, 2020 were enrolled. The baseline clinical and imaging features of the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in age and sex between the two groups, but the incidence of epidemiological contact history, fever or respiratory symptoms in the COVID-19 group was significantly higher than that in the heart failure group (12/12 vs. 2/7, P =0.001; 12/12 vs. 4/7, P <0.001). While the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and impaired cardiac function was significantly less than that of the heart failure group(2/12 vs.7/7, P <0.001; 0/12 vs.7/7, P <0.001). For imaging features, both groups had ground-glass opacity and thickening of interlobular septum, but the ratio of central and gradient distribution was higher in patients with heart failure than that in patients with COVID-19 (4/7 vs. 1/12, P =0.04). In heart failure group, the ratio of the expansion of small pulmonary veins was also higher (3/7 vs. 0, P =0.013), and the lung lesions can be significantly improved after effective anti-heart failure treatment. Besides, there are more disease with rounded morphology in COVID-19 (9/12 vs. 2/7, P=0.048) . Conclusions More patients with COVID-19 have epidemiological history and fever or respiratory symptoms. There are significant differences in chest CT features, such as enlargement of pulmonary veins, lesions distribution and morphology between heart failure and COVID-19.","ZHU, Zhaowei; TANG, Jianjun; CHAI, Xiangping; FANG, Zhenfei; LIU, Qiming; HU, Xinqun; XU, Dangyan; TANG, Liang; TAI, Shi; WU, Yuzhi; ZHOU, Shenghua","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"295","Practical exploration of paperless medical records for COVID-19 : Tongji Hospital as an example","December 2019 witnessed the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan city and its rapid spread to other parts of China, and overseas as well. Tongji Hospital, as a designated hospital for treatment of critically ill patients, shoulders the diagnosis and treatment tasks of numerous critically ill patients of such a disease. For the purpose of handling their medical records and effectively preventing the nosocomial infection of the disease, the hospital puts in place both the electronic signature system of patients based on a Wechat applet and a paperless medical record total solution based on the data center. These measures overcome the challenges incurred by patients’ signature on paper-based records and medical records archiving during the epidemic. On the other hand, they can not only downsize the paper-based medical records, minimize the risk of infection caused by paper-based medical records via contacts, but also effectively save the hospital of its operating costs and improve its efficiency of clinical work.","NAI, Cunjian","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"296","How an Australian researcher ended up in the spotlight at a White House coronavirus briefing | Science | AAAS","When Craig Dalton heard that his name came up at a nationally televised White House press briefing Monday, the medical epidemiologist at the University of Newcastle in Australia says, I didnt believe it. Dalton did a quick web search and his disbelief transformed into amazement. Turned out, it was actually true, he told ScienceInsider. Daltons unexpected moment in the media spotlight came as Deborah Birx, the White Houses coronavirus response coordinator, and Anthony Fauci, head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, stepped to the White House lectern to describe a new set of guidelines that the U.S. government would distribute as part of its effort to slow the spread of the illness caused by the novel coronavirus in the United States.","Malakoff, David","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"297","Management and clinical thinking of Coronavirus Disease 2019","In December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP, officially named Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) by the World Health Organization) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei, and it quickly spread to the whole country and abroad. The situation was at stake. The sudden and serious COVID-19 epidemic has brought us a lot of urgent problems. How to effectively control the spread of COVID-19? When does the population infection rate rise to its peak? What will eventually be the number of infected patients? How to make early diagnosis? What effective antiviral drugs are available? How to effectively treat with existing drugs? Can it successfully improve the survival rate of critically patients? In response to the above questions, we put forward corresponding suggestions and reflections from the perspective of the infectious clinician.","MA, Ke","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"298","Mutations can reveal how the coronavirus movesbut theyre easy to overinterpret | Science | AAAS","mmediately after Christian Drosten published a genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus online on 28 February, he took to Twitter to issue a warning. As the virus has raced around the world, more than 350 genome sequences have been shared on the online platform GISAID. They hold clues to how the new virus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading and evolving. But because the sequences represent a tiny fraction of cases and show few telltale differences, they are easy to overinterpret, as Drosten realized. A virologist at the Charité University Hospital in Berlin, he had sequenced the virus from a German patient infected with COVID-19 in Italy. The genome looked similar to that of a virus found in a patient in Munich, the capital of Bavaria, more than 1 month earlier; both shared three mutations not seen in early sequences from China. Drosten realized this could give rise to the idea that the Italian outbreak was seeded by the one in Bavaria, which state public health officials said had been quashed by tracing and quarantining all contacts of the 14 confirmed cases. But he thought it was just as likely that a Chinese variant carrying the three mutations had taken independent routes to both countries. The newly sequenced genome is not sufficient to claim a link between Munich and Italy, Drosten tweeted.","Kai, Kupferschmidt","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"299","Dynamic basic reproduction number based evaluation for current prevention and control of COVID-19 outbreak in China","Objective To evaluate the current status of the prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China, establish a predictive model to evaluate the effects of the current prevention and control strategies, and provide scientific information for decision- making departments. Methods Based on the epidemic data of COVID-19 openly accessed from national health authorities, we estimated the dynamic basic reproduction number R 0 (t) to evaluate the effects of the current COVID-19 prevention and control strategies in all the provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) as well as in Wuhan and the changes in infectivity of COVID-19 over time. Results For the stability of the results, 24 provinces (municipality) with more than 100 confirmed COVID-19 cases were included in the analysis. At the beginning of the outbreak, the R 0 (t) showed unstable trend with big variances. As the strengthening of the prevention and control strategies, R 0 (t) began to show a downward trend in late January, and became stable in February. By the time of data analysis, 18 provinces (municipality) (75%) had the R 0 (t)s less than 1. The results could be used for the decision making to free population floating conditionally. Conclusions Dynamic R 0 (t) is useful in the evaluation of the change in infectivity of COVID-19, the prevention and control strategies for the COVID-19 outbreak have shown preliminary effects, if continues, it is expected to control the COVID-19 outbreak in China in near future.","HUANG, Lihong; SHEN, Sipeng; YU, Ping; WEI, Yongyue","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"300","Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19","Objective To investigate the mental health of clinical first-line medical staff in COVID-19 epidemic and provide theoretical basis for psychological intervention. Method The mental health status of the first-line medical staff was investigated by Self-rating Anxiety Acale (SAS) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-rating Scale(PTSD-SS). From February 7 to 14, 2020, 246 medical staff were investigated who participated in the treatment of COVID-19 using cluster sampling , and received 230 responses, with a recovery rate of 93.5%. Results The incidence of anxiety in medical staff was 23.04% (53/230), and the score of SAS was (42.91 ± 10.89). Among them, the incidence of severe anxiety, moderate anxiety and mild anxiety were 2.17% (5/230), 4.78% (11/230) and 16.09% (37/230), respectively. The incidence of anxiety in female medical staff was higher than that in male [25.67% (48/187) vs 11.63% (5/43), Z =-2.008, P =0.045], the score of SAS in female medical staff was higher than that in male [(43.78±11.12) vs (39.14 ± 9.01), t =-2.548, P =0.012]. The incidence of anxiety in nurses was higher than that in doctors [26.88% (43/160) vs 14.29% (10/70), Z =-2.066, P =0.039], and the score of SAS in nurses was higher than that in doctors [(44.84±10.42) vs (38.50±10.72), t =-4.207, P <0.001]. The incidence of stress disorder in medical staff was 27.39% (63/230), and the score of PTSD-SS was (42.92 ± 17.88). The score of PTSD-SS in female medical staff was higher than that of male [(44.30±18.42) vs (36.91 ± 13.95), t =-2.472, P =0.014]. Conclusions In COVID-19 epidemic, the incidence of anxiety and stress disorder is high among medical staff. Medical institutions should strengthen the training of psychological skills of medical staff. Special attention should be paid to the mental health of female nurses.","HUANG, Jizheng","",2020," Narrative review; Ethics, social science, economics; Other related diseases and viruses","WHO",""
"301","Strategy of dental clinics to cope with the epidemic period of infectious diseases based on the experience of corona virus disease outbreak","The outbreak of corona virus disease (COVID-19) has raised concerns among dentists to develop strategies to prevent infection of dental equipment, materials, and patients during an epidemic period. Strategies following the National Laws and Standards of China and local standards of several provinces for controlling cross-infection and instituting protective measures for medical staff in dental clinics during an epidemic period are discussed. A proposal is put forth for dental clinics that will face similar situations in the future. Further research is warranted to address potential problems that will be encountered under such dire circumstances.","HUA, Chengge; LIU, Zhiqing; WANG, Qing; YANG, Zheng; XU, Qinghong; ZHANG, Jing","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"302","Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak","In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, the Chinese Government has ordered a nationwide school closure as an emergency measure to prevent spreading of the infection. Public activities are discouraged. The Ministry of Education estimates that more than 220 million children and adolescents are confined to their homes; this includes 180 million primary and secondary students and 47 million preschool children).1 Thanks to the strong administrative system in China, the emergency home schooling plan has been rigorously implemented.2 Massive efforts are being made by schools and teachers at all levels to create online courses and deliver them through TV broadcasts and the internet in record time. The new virtual semester has just started in many parts of the country, and various courses are offered online in a well organised manner. These actions are helping to alleviate many parents' concerns about their children's educational attainment by ensuring that school learning is largely undisrupted. Although these measures and efforts are highly commendable and necessary, there are reasons to be concerned because prolonged school closure and home confinement during a disease outbreak might have negative effects on children's physical and mental health.3 , 4 Evidence suggests that when children are out of school (eg, weekends and summer holidays), they are physically less active, have much longer screen time, irregular sleep patterns, and less favourable diets, resulting in weight gain and a loss of cardiorespiratory fitness.3 , 5 Such negative effects on health are likely to be much worse when children are confined to their homes without outdoor activities and interaction with same aged friends during the outbreak.","Wang, Guanghai; Zhang, Yunting; Zhao, Jin; Zhang, Jun; Jiang, Fan","10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X",NA," Narrative review; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"303","Virus Isolation from the First Patient with SARS-CoV-2 in Korea","Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is found to cause a large outbreak started from Wuhan since December 2019 in China and SARS-CoV-2 infections have been reported with epidemiological linkage to China in 25 countries until now. We isolated SARS-CoV-2 from the oropharyngeal sample obtained from the patient with the first laboratory-confirmed SARS- CoV-2 infection in Korea. Cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the Vero cell cultures were confluent 3 days after the first blind passage of the sample. Coronavirus was confirmed with spherical particle having a fringe reminiscent of crown on transmission electron microscopy.Phylogenetic analyses of whole genome sequences showed that it clustered with other SARS- CoV-2 reported from Wuhan.","Park, Wan Beom","",2020," Case study/series; Virology, immunology","WHO",""
"304","Singapore claims first use of antibody test to track coronavirus infections | Science | AAAS","In what appears to be a first, disease trackers in Singapore have used an experimental antibody test for COVID-19 to confirm that a suspected patient was infected with the coronavirus. The patient was one of two people who together formed a missing link between two clusters of cases that each occurred in a Singaporean church. Researchers around the world are racing to develop antibody tests, also called serological tests, that can confirm whether someone was infected even after their immune system has cleared the virus that causes COVID-19. The group that developed the test, at Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore, is among the front-runners, although its assay has to be validated before it is taken into production and deployed widely.","Normile, Dennis","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"305","Burden of acute respiratory disease of epidemic and pandemic potential in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: A literature review","There are gaps in the knowledge about the burden of severe respiratory disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). This literature review was therefore conducted to describe the burden of epidemic-and pandemic-prone acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the Region which may help in the development of evidence-based disease prevention and control policies. Relevant published and unpublished reports were identified from searches of various databases; 83 documents fulfilled the search criteria. The infections identified included: ARI, avian influenza A(H5N1), influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. Pneumonia and ARIs were leading causes of disease and death in the Region. Influenza A(H1N1) was an important cause of morbidity during the 2009 pandemic. This review provides a descriptive summary of the burden of acute respiratory diseases in the Region, but there still remains a lack of necessary data. On observe des lacunes en matière de connaissances concernant la charge des maladies respiratoires sévères dans la Région de la Méditerranée orientale. La présente analyse documentaire détaille la charge des infections respiratoires aiguës (IRA) à potentiel épidémique et pandémique dans la Région, ce qui peut aider à l'élaboration de politiques et programmes de prévention et de lutte contre les maladies reposant sur des données factuelles. Des articles pertinents publiés et non publiés ont été identifiés grâce à des recherches dans différentes bases de données ; 83 documents satisfaisaient à nos critères de recherche. Les infections identifiées comprenaient les infections respiratoires aiguës (IRA), la grippe aviaire A(H5N1), la grippe A(H1N1)pdm09 et l'infection par le coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS-CoV). La pneumonie et les IRA constituaient les principales causes de morbidité et de mortalité dans la Région. La grippe A(H1N1) était une cause importante de morbidité durant la pandémie de 2009. Cette analyse fournit un résumé descriptif de la charge des maladies respiratoires aiguës dans la Région mais il existe toujours une lacune concernant les donneés nécessaires à cet égard.","Abubakar, A.; Malik, M.; Pebody, R. G.; Elkholy, A. A.; Khan, W.; Bellos, A.; Mala, P.","",2016,"Epidemiology; Other related diseases and viruses","WHO",""
"306","A combination regimen by lopinave/litonawe (LPV/r), emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (FTC/TAF) for treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (TARCoV)","Objective To explore the efficacy of a combination regimen by Lopinave/Litonawe (LPV/r), emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (FTC/TAF) for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Methods We design the protocol as a real world study, which includes two groups: prospective intervention cohort (T1) and historical control group (T2). For T1 group, ninety patients will be enrolled who are diagnosed as NCP. All patients in T1 group will receive standard therapies following the recommendation in the guidelines of National Commission of Health, and they will be administered an anti-virus regimen includes LPV/r and FTC/TAF. The T2 group will enroll patients who have received single regimen includes LPV/r. The major outcome is the survival rate of patients. Secondary outcomes are the time of seroconversion of RNA, ARDS progression rate and length of hospital stay. Conclusions The results of this real world study might provide clinical practitioners a high efficiency and fast antivirus regimen for NCP. In addition, the conduction of this study will accelerate screening for other new effective therapeutic method.","JIANG, Hua; WANG, Yu; WANG, Kai; YANG, Xingxiang; ZHANG, Jiancheng; DENG, Hongfei; WANG, Lu; ZENG, Jun","",2020," Comparative study, RCT; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"307","Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus infection in children: Thoughts on the diagnostic criteria of suspected cases outside Hubei Province","Objective To improve the diagnostic criteria of suspected cases through investigating the epidemiological and clinical manifestations of confirmed cases of new-type coronavirus infection in children. Methods We retrospective analyzed the epidemiological and clinical manifestations of 6 children with new coronavirus infection diagnosed in Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital from February 3, 2020 to February 15, 2020 . Compared with the diagnostic criteria of suspected cases,we summarized the problems encountered in the application of this standard in clinical work and try to put forward Suggestions for improvement. Results Among the 6 children with confirmed cases: 5 males and 1 female; 3 from Hubei Province and 3 from Wanzhou ; 6 cases of clustered onset of the family; Visiting nature: 3 cases of suspected case income, 3 cases of community or outpatient screening . Three cases with fever and / or respiratory symptoms, one of which had symptoms of diarrhea; all children's blood routine and lymphocyte counts were within the normal range; chest CT imaging except for cases No. 1 and No. 5 were in line with typical new coronavirus pneumonia signs. In addition, the remaining 3 patients had abnormal imaging but did not have the characteristics of new coronavirus pneumonia, and 1 case was normal. Comparison results:Only case 1 of all cases fully met the diagnostic criteria, and the remaining cases did not meet the diagnostic criteria of early suspected cases. Conclusion In order to improve the accuracy and practicality of the diagnosis of suspected cases in children, it is recommended to refine and standardize the diagnostic criteria of some suspected cases.","JIANG, Jianyu; DUAN, Ling; XIONG, Daoxue; FENG, Yan; LIU, Xiangjun; YU, Jie; PENG, Zhe; LANG, Chunhui","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"308","A completely new culture of doing research. Coronavirus outbreak changes how scientists communicate | Science | AAAS","On 22 January, Dave OConnor and Tom Friedrich invited several dozen colleagues around the United States to join a new workspace on the instant messaging platform Slack. The scientists, both at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, had seen news about a new disease emerging in China and realized researchers would need a primate model if they were going to answer some important questions about its biology. We put out a call to a bunch of investigators and basically said: Hey, lets talk, OConnor says. The idea is to coordinate research and make sure results are comparable, Friedrich adds. (They named the Slack workspace the Wu-han Clan, a play on the hip-hop group Wu-Tang Clan.) The Wu-han Clan is just one example of how the COVID-19 outbreak is transforming how scientists communicate about fast-moving health crises. A torrent of data is being released daily by preprint servers that didnt even exist a decade ago, then dissected on platforms such as Slack and Twitter, and in the media, before formal peer review begins. Journal staffers are working overtime to get manuscripts reviewed, edited, and published at record speeds. The venerable New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) posted one COVID-19 paper within 48 hours of submission. Viral genomes posted on a platform named GISAID, more than 200 so far, are analyzed instantaneously by a phalanx of evolutionary biologists who share their phylogenetic trees in preprints and on social media.","Kupferschmidt, Kai","",2020," Opinion piece; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"309","Analysis of clinical characteristics of new coronavirus pneumonia patients in secondary epidemic areas","Objective Understand the clinical characteristics of confirmed pneumonia patients infected with new corona virus in secondary epidemic areas and guide the diagnosis and treatment of novel pneumonia in secondary epidemic areas and provide a reference for clinical prevention and control of the epidemic situation. Methods The clinical data of 33 patients admitted with pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 15 to February 1, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. At the onset of the disease, we analyzed the primary symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, chest tightness, chest pain and also a significant blood test results of the patients. According to the patient's contact history, it was divided into the direct infection group of the main epidemic area and the indirect contact infection group of the main epidemic areas. The difference between clinical manifestations among the two groups was analyzed. Results The main clinical symptoms of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in the secondary epidemic area were respiratory tract and systemic symptoms. After grouping according to the presence and absence of direct contact in the main epidemic area, there was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups, and there was no significant difference in symptoms and signs between the two groups ( P < 0.05). Some patients had serum amyloid protein (SAP) increased abnormall. Conclusions The respiratory tract and systemic symptoms are the primary symptoms of the patients with the new type of coronavirus pneumonia in the secondary epidemic area, which are not typical. The abnormal increase of serum amyloid protein (SAA) may be used as an auxiliary index for diagnosis and treatment.","JI, Weiping; CHEN, Xinxin; XU, Hui; JIN, Chenci; HU, Yunming; JI, Chengyuan; SHEN, Xian","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"310","Experience of treating severe cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Changde area","Since the cluster of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia, a large number of patients gathered, the mortality of critical patients has remained high and the treatment was unclear. In this outbreak, Hunan Changde region immediately set up a hospital and intensive care unit. The patients relieved through respiratory support, hemodynamics management, nutritional support, the application of antiviral drugs, analgesic and sedation. The treatment experience in severe cases of 2019-nCov pneumonia patients were summarized as follows: in terms of respiratory support, we needed to pay attention to the advantages of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) and the intervention of mechanical ventilation, pay attention to the ventilator parameters, and adopt prone position timely. In the aspects of fluid resuscitation and volume management, we should pay attention to the characteristics of severe patients' volume status, perform early evaluation, and clinicians should focused on hemodynamic management beside the bed. In the aspect of nutritional support and evaluation and maintenance of intestinal function, early enteral nutrition should be adopted in time. However, the trade-off between the risk of intestinal function and nutritional support in patients with mechanical ventilation and the antiviral benefits of Kaletra needed to be reevaluated, the optimized way of analgesia and sedation was adopted, at the same time, the usage and side effects of antiviral drugs should be paid attention to. We should grasp the opportunity of transportation for severe patients. It is suggested that some warning scores should be used to facilitate early recognition of patients with severe infection and then they should be earlier transferred to the designated hospital for intensive care.","JIN, Xin; FANG, Yimin; HUANG, Shaohua; LUO, Lin; QIN, Yunjian; ZHOU, Rui; PENG, Yue; YANG, Mingshi; AI, Yuhang","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"311","Analysis of false-negative results for 2019 novel coronavirus nucleic acid test and related countermeasures","In December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause were linked to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China. Some studies found that the virus was a new kind of virus which had never been found in the human body. Then, the virus was named 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO). 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection is one of the essential indicators of NCP (Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia). Recently, some false-negative cases in China-Japan Friendship Hospital and Hangzhou Hospital led the clinical doctors to question the value of the nucleic acid detection. In this paper, more than 3 000 results of 2019-nCoV detection in Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University were analyzed. Attention should be paid to the root cause of false-negative results and the related countermeasures should be taken.","LI, Jin; YE, Guangming; CHEN, Liangjun; WANG, Jiajun; LI, Yirong","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Virology, immunology","WHO",""
"312","Proposal for detection of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in clinical laboratories","In December, the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China, has attracted extensive global attention. On January 20, 2020,the Chinese health authorities upgraded the coronavirus to a Class B infectious disease in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , and considered it as Class A infectious diseases in disease control and prevention. On January 22, 2020, the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection test was listed as the diagnostic criteria in the 'guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia due to 2019-nCoV (Trial Version 2)' . Therefore, standardizing the operation process of the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection in clinical laboratories has become a top priority. It is of paramount importance to establish standard protocols for detection of the 2019-nCoV nucleic acids in clinical laboratories to improve the reliability of the results and ensure the biosafety of laboratory personnel.","TONG, Yongqing","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"313","Two clinical cases of Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in renal transplant recipients","Objective To explore the clinical features, diagnosis and prognosis of renal transplant recipients with NCP. Method The clinical data of 2 cases of kidney transplant recipients with NCP were retrospectively analyzed. Based onclinical manifestations, blood routine, inflammatory factors, cell immunity, chest CT andtherapeutic effects, the diagnosis and treatment of NCP in kidney transplant recipients (5th edition) were compared to that ofordinary NCP patients. Both recipients developed onset of low andmoderate fever, with no cough or fatigue at the initial stage. Blood routine indicated a normal range of leukocytes,buta significant decrease in lymphocyte counts, increased C-reactive protein (CRP) , and slightly higher procalcitonin (PCT) . The cellular immunity was extremely low, and the chest CT showed multiple patchy ground glass shadows in both lungs. Result After 1 week of onset, both patients had significant disease progression. The pathogenesis and imaging changes were highly similar tothatreported in ordinary NCP patients.Two patients were givensymptomatic supportive treatment by antiviral agents, stop uses ofimmunosuppression agents, small amount of hormone maintenance, intravenous drip of gamma globulin andrespiratory support toavoid secondary infections. At present, the condition of both patients is obviously improved, and renal function is stable. One of them has recovered and was discharged. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of NCP in renal transplant recipients were generally consistent with that of ordinary NCP patients. Although there is no established method for the treatment of NCP, it is effective by stopping uses of immunosuppressive agents, maintaining small and medium doses of hormones, actively restoring immunity, and providing respiratory support in a timely manner.","TU, Yafang; WU, Xiongfei; LIU, Feng; WANG, Juan; LUO, Yu; CAI, Zhitao; CHEN, Rengui; LIAO, Wenliang; LIU, Na; HUANG, Jin","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"314","Practice and thinking of the informationized cabin hospitals during the novel coronavirus pneumonia period","Novel coronavirus pneumonia, which has emerged in Wuhan since the end of 2019, has posed a huge challenge for medical institutions in the city. Rapid completion of a number of cabin hospitals plays a vital role in preventing further spreading of the epidemic, by means of collecting and treating mild patients of the disease. This paper presents the key process of Tongji Hospital in its rapid informatization since it took over a cabin hospital. Based on the network architecture of the Tongji cloud platform, the shared service center is used to share data and integrate services between the cabin hospital and Tongji hospital. This practice can prevent cross-infection and improve service efficiency as well, hence offering a reference for future information infrastructure development of cabin hospitals.","YAO, Gang; ZHANG, Xiaoxiang; WANG, Huoming; LI, Jin; TIAN, Jian; WANG, Liang","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"315","Prevention and consideration for the biosafety of laboratory testing under epidemic condition","Laboratory testing plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with Novel Coronavirus pneumonia. However, the lack of understanding of the virus in the early stage led to great difficulties in biosafety protection for clinical laboratories. Based on the latest researches and findings about the virus, this paper provides some personal opinions on the biosafety prevention in clinical laboratorians under epidemic condition for the reference of laboratory workers.","YE, Qing; LI, Wei; ZHOU, Mingming; FU, Junfen; SHU, Qiang; GONG, Fangqi; SHANG, Shiqiang","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"316","Novel coronavirus pneumonia combined with viral conjunctivitis: three cases report","Since January 2020, as ophthalmologists working at the center of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) outbreak in Wuhan, China, we found 3 cases in 30 NCP patients with binocular conjunctivitis. Of them, one case visited for conjunctivitis as a first symptom and then diagnosed as NCP, and two cases visited for binocular conjunctivitis during the NCP onset. In 3 patients, conjunctivitis was manifested as signs of viral conjunctivitis from mild to moderate. Their symptoms of two patients disappeared after treatment with antiviral eyedrops for 7 to 10 days and another patient died of NCP. Interestingly,although we detected positive viral nucleic acid in the conjunctiva sacs of 2 of other 27 NCP patients by using swabs and RT-PCR technology, no conjunctivitis occurred in these two patients.","YE, Ya; SONG, Yanping; YAN, Ming; HU, Cheng; CHEN, Xiao; YU, Juan; REN, Xingfeng","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"317","New coronavirus pneumonia and outbreak epidemic virus and eye disease","Since the outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in Wuhan City, China, the main transmission mode as well as the diagnosis and treatment of NCP have become a focus of research in China and World Health Organizations. Understanding the mode of infection, transmission and biological behavior of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is undoubtedly a key of cutting off the spread and prevention of the disease which doctors are fearing to be a worldwide epidemic. In February 2019, Lancet published a correspondence paper, which reviewed a case of NCP patient who first started with conjunctivitis, and raised the issue that the transmission of 2019-nCoV through the ocular surface must not be ignored, causing widespread concern. However, due to a lack of clinical observation data and laboratory research at present, the relationship between NCP pathogen infection and ocular surface infection is not completely clear. So far, there have been many studies and reports on the observation of large-scale epidemic virus infections and eye diseases. This article reviews the eye performance of various types of epidemic virus infections and provides a reference for NCP prevention and control.","YIN, Shengjie; ZHANG, Mingzhi","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"318","Management highlights for patients with orthopedic trauma during the epidemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019","Although the epidemic outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) restricted freecoming and going of people, it was inevitable that fracture patients, elderly ones with low-energy fracture in part ICU lar, sought medical attention. In this special situation, itwas crucial for trauma orthopaedists to do well in prevention and control of COVID-19 infection and in perioperative management of their patients as well while they went on with routine diagnosis and treatment. It was also of great significance for prognosis of the patients and prevention and control of the epidemic that orthopaedic surgeons chose proper surgical and anesthesia methods. In the process of diagnosis, treatment, nursing and rehabilitation, medical staff too was challenged by how to prevent themselves from infection and how to eliminate cluster COVID-19 transmission. This paper, from the perspectives of orthopedic surgeons, nurses and patients, expounds briefly on the management of patients with orthopedic trauma during the epidemic period of COVID-19 in a mode of multidisciplinary comprehensive interventions.","YIN, Yingchao; HOU, Zhiyong; ZHU, Yanbin; YANG, Shuhong; CHEN, Wei; WANG, Xiuli; LI, Xiuting; ZHANG, Qi; ZHANG, Yingze","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"319","The world is changing fast!","The world is changing fast! As of 9 February 2020, there now have been at least 813 deaths from a novel strain of coronavirus that is thought to have originated in Wuhan, China (2019-nCoV), at the end of 2019. These deaths are in the context of the 37 558 cases of 2019-nCov which have already been diagnosed in China and multiple other countries.1 In the United Kingdom (UK), recent research by University College London, funded by the Nuffield Foundation, has found that 1 in 20 UK teachers now report long-lasting mental health problems, illustrating a dramatic increase from around 1/100 teachers affected in this way in the 1990s.2 In the United States (US), a recent report by Accenture (Artificial Intelligence [AI]: Healthcare's new nervous system), estimates that AI in health will be worth around $6.6 billion by 2021 and that
when combined, key clinical health AI applications can potentially create $150 billion in annual savings for the US healthcare economy by 2026.3 What do these facts and statistics have in common? Taken together they illustrate the massive range and rate of change in health and the responsibility of healthcare globally. In this context a valid question can be asked about the role of general medical journals such as the International Journal of Clinical Practice (IJCP). Having taken over as Editor in Chief of IJCP in January this year, I have the honour of leading an internationally renowned medical journal, with a team of extremely accomplished clinician editors, published by Wiley, one of the world's leading biomedical publishers. In our rapidly changing healthcare world, IJCP is eager, committed and ideally suited to undergo a transition process as well. As a team, our view is that in a healthcare environment of seemingly ever-increasing specialisation, one key role that a Journal such as ours should move to fulfil is to publish important, high quality medical research and opinion that will inform specialist clinicians about important general medical concepts, practical insights and recent advances. Similarly, we will also aim to inform generalists about key speciality medical advances that have relevance to generalists in the provision of care to their patients. In this work a foundational aspect of our editorial approach will be rather than looking for reasons to reject submissions, to clearly identify problems with submitted research and opinion if they exist, and work closely with authors to address these issues, allowing those authors to raise the quality of their work to the highest level. In that context, as well as continuing to publish submissions from internationally important clinicians and medical researchers worldwide, we also see that IJCP should aim to specifically encourage less experienced authors who nonetheless have important information to share with the global healthcare community. In this way, IJCP will drive forward its primary function of improving global health through the dissemination of world leading medical information and debate. The world is changing fast, and IJCP has the energy and vision to change with it!","Young, Charles","10.1111/ijcp.13486",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"320","A climatologic investigation of the SARS-CoV outbreak in Beijing, China","The first cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were identified in November 2002, in Guangdong Province, China. The epidemic spread rapidly within China and internationally, with 8454 recorded infections and 792 deaths by June 15, 2003. Temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity were the three key meteorological determinants affecting the transmission of SARS. The peak spread of SARS occurred at a mean temperature of 16.9 degrees C (95% CI, 10.7 degrees C to 23.1 degrees C), with a mean relative humidity of 52.2% (95% CI, 33.0% to 71.4%) and wind speed of 2.8 ms(-1) (95% CI, 2.0 to 3.6 ms(-1)). In northern China, these conditions are most likely to occur in the spring and suggest that SARS has a seasonal nature akin to viruses such as influenza and the common cold. A regression equation (Y=218.692-0.698X(t)-2.043X(h)+2.282X(w)) was derived to represent the optimal climatic conditions for the 2003 SARS epidemic. Further investigations in other regions are necessary to verify these results.","Yuan, J.; Yun, H.; Lan, W.; Wang, W.; Sullivan, S. G.; Jia, S.; Bittles, A. H.","",2006," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"321","Analysis of clinical features of 153 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Chongqing","Objective To analyze the clinical data of 153 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in chongqing ,and provide reference and thinking for the diagnosis and treatment. Methods Analyze the clinical data, laboratory examination and chest imaging characteristics of 153 COVID-19 patients in Chongqing Public Health Medical Center from January 26 to February 5, 2020. According to the relevant diagnostic criteria ,patients were divided into non-severe group(n=132) and severe group(n=21),and analyze the correlation between serum index changes and disease severity. Results Combined with diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, the severity of the disease was statistically significant ( χ 2 =11.04和6.94, P <0.05). No symptoms were found in patients with mild illness ( χ 2 =4.09, P <0.05) .The proportion of fever and muscle soreness in the severe group was higher than that in the non-severe group ( χ 2 =4.40 and 22.67, P <0.05).Among the concomitant symptoms, the proportion of cough and shortness of breath in the severe group was higher than that in the non-severe group ( χ 2 =8.46 and 4.80, P <0.05).C-reactive protein and d-dimer were higher in the severe group than in the non-severe group ( t =43.44 and 37.13, P <0.05), and the number of CD 3 + T lymphocyte cells, CD 4 + T lymphocyte cells and CD 8 + T lymphocyte cells in the severe group was lower than that in the non-severe group (Z=27.25, 20.60 and 17.36, P <0.05).Compared with the non-severe group, both lungs and the right lung lower lobe were more susceptible to involved ( χ 2 =6.95和20.39, P <0.05) . Conclusion Severity of COVID-19 was associated with underlying disease, symptoms, site of involvement, C-reactive protein, d-dimer, CD 3 + T lymphocyte count, CD 4 + T lymphocyte count, and CD 8 + T lymphocyte count. ","WAN, Qiu","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology; Other related diseases and viruses","WHO",""
"322","The network investigation on knowledge, attitude and practice about Novel coronavirus pneumonia of the residents in Anhui Province","Objective To analyze the current situation of the knowledge, attitudes and practice about Novelcoronavirus pneumonia (NCP) of the residents in Anhui Province. Methods Anonymous network sampling survey was carried out with an electronic questionnaire that designed by the questionnaire star, and a total of 4016 subjects from Anhui province were investigated. The content of the survey includes that the basic information of subjects,the residents' knowledge, attitudes and practice about NCP, as well as their satisfaction with the prevention and control measures adopted by the government and health authorities and the suggestions on future prevention. The questionnaire doesn't involve any privacy information, and all questions were mandatory to ensure the response rate. Results The M(P 25 , P 75 )age the 4 016 subjects was 21 (19, 24) years old, and the ranging from 7 to 80 years old. The number of males was 1 431(35.6%). Social networking tools such as WeChat and QQ were the main sources of epidemic information for residents (97.8%, 3 929 respondents). Residents had higher awareness rate of cough (99.5%, n= 3 997) and fever(96.0%, n= 3 857) symptoms, the transmission by droplets (99.5%, n= 3 995), aerosol transmission (81.1%, n= 3 258), and contact transmission (92.3%, n= 3 708), but lower awareness of symptoms os muscle pain or fatigue (62.7%, n= 2 518). 92.6% of the subjects ( n= 3 720) think that the outbreak was scary. In terms of psychological behavior scores, the results showed that female (9.38±4.81), the urban (9.37±5.02) and the medical workers (10.79±5.19) had a poorer mental health than the male (8.45±5.00), the rural (8.71±4.75) and the non-medical workers (the students: 8.85±4.83; public institude workers: 9.02±5.08; others: 8.97±5.39) ( P <0.05). 71.9% of the residents ( n= 2 887)were satisfied with the local epidemic control measures. The residents took various of the measures to prevent and control the epidemic. The ratio of residents that could achieve'no gathering and less going out','wear masks when going out'and'do not go to crowded and closed places'was up to 97.4% ( n= 3 913), 93.6% ( n= 3758) and 91.5% ( n= 3 673) respectively. Conclusion The residents in Anhui province have a good KAP about NCP, yet it is necessary to strengthen the community publicity, the mental health maintenance of residents and students' health education.","CHEN, Yan","",2020," Narrative review; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"323","Suggestions for thoracic surgery clinical practice in non-epidemic area of coronavirus infected disease-19","In this paper, the mechanism of destroying human alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary tissue by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was discussed firstly. There may be multiple mechanisms including killing directly the target cells and hyperinflammatory responses. Secondly, the clinical features, CT imaging, short-term and long-term pulmonary function damage of the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) was analyzed. Finally, some suggestions for thoracic surgery clinical practice in non-epidemic area during and after the epidemic of COVID-19 was provided, to help all the thoracic surgery patients receive active and effective treatment.","DAI, Fuqiang; TAN, Qunyou","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"324","Investigation on demands for antenatal care services among 2 002 pregnant women during the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 in Shanghai","Objective To identify problems and demands for antenatal care (ANC) among pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy in Shanghai for optimizing ANC service during the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods Organized by Maternal and Child Health Care institute in the 16 districts of Shanghai, a cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who came to pregnancy registration in the community health centers or attended ANC in maternity hospitals from February 7 to February 12, 2020. Consented participating women completed a semi-structured online questionnaire voluntarily. Data was analyzed using frequency and scoring, chi-square test. Results A total of 2 002 valid questionnaires were collected from 183 community health centers and 67 midwifery hospitals. About 94.6% of the pregnant women worried about being infected during the COVID-19 epidemic, and 14.7% demanded for psychological consultation. Appointment ANC services were requested by 87.7% of the participants for avoiding presenting themselves in people-density places. Compared with other pregnancy trimesters, pregnant women in the second trimester were more willing to reduce the frequency of ANC (48.1% VS. 39.5% VS. 35.2%, P <0.01). Compared with multiparas, primiparas were more willing to have online consultation and guidance (63.8% VS. 49.2%, P <0.01). Regarding the needs for health knowledge on COVID-19, personal protection against 2019-nCoV was the most concerned for pregnant women, and 71.0% of them preferred to obtain knowledge through health applications, official Weibo and WeChat. Conclusions Pregnant women in Shanghai critically concern about the risk of 2019-nCoV infections, and highly demand knowledge and measures on prevention and protection from COVID-19. They ask for having time-lapse appointments for ANC and online access to health information and services. Maternal and Child Care institutes should understand the demands of pregnant women, optimize the means of ANC service, and provide tailored and accessible health education and service for the safety of mother and child.","DU, Li; GU, Yibin; CUI, Mengqing; LI, Wenxian; WANG, Jie; ZHU, Liping; XU, Biao","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"325","Manifestations of Digestive system in hospitalized patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-center, descriptive study","Objective To study the manifestations of digestive system of hospitalized patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in Wuhan, China, and to provide reference for disease control and treatment. Methods The data of hospitalized patients with NCP in the Sino-French Branch of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology was retrospectively analyzed, which included general information, nucleic acid test, severity degree of disease, incubation period, initial symptoms and manifestations of digestive system. The general information, positive rate of nucleic acid detection, and manifestations of digestive system were compared between critical patients who required non-invasive or invasive assisted ventilation (critical group) and non-critical patients without assisted ventilation (non-critical group). Continuous corrected chi-square test and independent sample median test were performed for statistical analysis. Results Among the 305 patients there were 146 males (47.9%) and 159 females (52.1%), median age 57 years old. Nucleic acid assay of nasopharynx swab or pharynx swab of 84.1% (228/271) patients were positive. Forty-six patients (15.1%) were in critical group and 259 patients (84.9%) were in non-critical group. The incubation period was one to fifteen days, and the median period was six days. The initial symptoms mainly were fever (81.1%, 163/201), cough (39.3%, 79/201), fatigue (54.7%, 110/201), and loss of appetite (50.2%, 101/201). In one to ten days after the disease onset, 79.1% (159/201) of patients developed gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea (29.4%, 59/201), vomiting (15.9%, 32/201), or abdominal pain (6.0%, 12/201). 49.5% (146/295) of patients had diarrhea, median time was 3.3 days, (3.3±1.6) times per day, and a duration of (4.1±2.5) days. Excluding possible drug-related diarrhea, the incidence of diarrhea still was 22.2%. Only 6.9% (4/58) of patients were found leukocytes or fecal occult blood positive in regular stool test. ALT, AST, or bilirubin increased in 39.1% (119/304) of patients at admission. Patients with ALT or AST ≥ 80 U/L only accounted for 7.9% (24/304) and 6.3% (19/304), respectively. About 2.0% (6/304) of patients also had increased bilirubin level, average level was (37.4 ± 21.1) μmol/L. The median age of critical group was older than that of non-critical group (65.5 years vs. 56 years), at admission the rates of abnormal liver function test abnormal and slightly increased AST (40~80 U/L) of critical group were both higher than those of non-critical group (67.4% (31/46) vs. 34.1% (88/258) and 47.8% (22/46) vs. 21.7% (56/228)), and the differences were statistically significant ( x 2 =5.885, 18.154 and 15.723;all P <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of male (58.7% (27/46) vs. 45.9% (119/259)), the positive rate of nucleic acid detection (94.6% (35/37) vs. 82.5% (193/234)), the percentage of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms (85.0% (17/20) vs. 78.5% (142/181)), the rate of diarrhea (44.7% (17/38)vs. 50.2% (129/257)) and ratio of patients with abnormal bilirubin level (6.5% (3/46) vs. 1.2% (3/258)) (all P >0.05). Conclusions The manifestation of digestive system of hospitalized NCP patients in Wuhan is significant, the ratio of patients with diarrhea and abnormal aminotransferase level is high. And at admission the rate of patients with abnormal liver function rate of critical group is higher than that of non-critical group, which will provide reference for the prevention and treatment of NCP.","FANG, Dan; MA, Jingdong; GUAN, Jialun; WANG, Muru; SONG, Yang; TIAN, Dean; LI, Peiyuan","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"326","Advance in human coronaviruses research of host interactions","2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a highly pathogenic human CoV that first emerged in Wuhan in 2019.2019-nCoV has a zoonotic origin and poses a major threat to public health.However, little is known about the viral factors contributing to the high virulence of 2019-nCoV.Many animal viruses, including CoVs, encode proteins that interfere with host gene expression, including those involved in antiviral immune responses, and these viral proteins are often major virulence factors.Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are known respiratory pathogens associated with a range of respiratory infection.In the past 17 years, the onset of 2019-nCoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have thrust HCoVs into spotlight of the research community due to their high pathogenicity in humans.The recent study of HCoVs-host interactions has contributed extensively to our understanding of infection pathogenesis of 2019-nCoV.This review discuss various host physiopathologic mechanism, such as apoptosis, innate immunity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway that may be modulated by HCoVs and provides evidence for the intensive investigate of 2019-nCoV infection.","GU, Yanni; SHEN, Chaobin; CHEN, Tongxin","",2020," Epidemiological study; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Virology, immunology","WHO",""
"327","Emergent Strategies for the Next Phase of COVID-19","","Huh, Kyungmin; Shin, Hyoung Shik; Peck, Kyong Ran","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"328","Nursing human resource management of infectious disease hospitals under novel coronavirus pneumonia threats","With the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia, Beijing You'an Hospital has become one of the three infectious disease specialist hospitals designated to treat patients of such pneumonia. Under the premise of comprehensively implementing various emergency treatment tasks and ensuring the normal operation of other wards, the Nursing Department has put in place emergency plans and deployed due manpower for rapid response, timely personnel deployment, and reasonable reserve echelon structure. These measures have been taken as required by the patients’ numbers, critical conditions, disease diagnosis, and the guidelines of treatment and protection. While ensuring the completion of treatment work, we manage to leverage nursing human resources in a scientific, standardized and maximized efficiency manner, to ensure the quality of nursing, and the physical and mental health of nursing staff.","GUO, Huimin; ZHANG, Lili; YANG, Jiankun; BAO, Zhiying; REN, Zhen","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"329","Novel coronavirus pneumonia related liver injury: etiological analysis and treatment strategy","The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP) caused by 2019 novel coronavirus has become a global public health challenge. Some patients accompany with liver function damage in addition to the main typical respiratory symptom. Here we analyzed the clinical features, susceptible population, potential causes and therapeutic strategies of NCP related liver injury.","HU, Lilin; WANG, Weijun; ZHU, Qingjing; YANG, Ling","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Virology, immunology","WHO",""
"330","The laboratory risk assessment and control testing 2019 novel coronavirus in biosafety class II laboratories","The outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has spread from Wuhan to the whole country. After the Spring Festival, workers will return to workplace and students will return to school. There is an increasing risk of 2019-nCoV cases being imported into provinces and cities. In order to promote the prevention and control of 2019-nCoV infection, reduce the risk of transmission in medical institutions, and ensure medical quality and medical safety, it is necessary to carry out the detection test of 2019-nCoV in biosafety class II laboratory. In order to achieve the goal of zero infection of the laboratory personnel, different preventive measures should be taken to assess the risk of the experimental activities.","HUA, Wenhao; SHENG, Linjun; SONG, Lihong; WANG, Qingtao","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"331","A correlation study ofCT and clinical features of different clinical types of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To investigate the CT and clinical features of 2019 novel coronavirus (NCP) pneumonia. Methods Chest CT and clinical data of confirmed 103 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in January 2020, retrospectively. According to diagnosis and treatment of NCP infected pneumonia (trial version 5), all the patients were classified into mild( n =58), severe ( n =36) and very severe ( n =9) type, and their clinical findings, laboratory examination and CT finding were analyzed. CT features included lesions’ distribution, location, size, shape, edge, number, density, percentage of pneumonia lesions of the whole lung and extra-pulmonary manifestations. The CT features of different clinical subtypes were compared using χ 2 test or Fisher's exact probability. Comparisons between the percentage of pneumonic lesions to total lung volume were computed by using analysis of variance (normal distribution) or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test (non-normal distribution). Results In terms of clinical manifestations, the patients with severe NCP were more common in elderly men, with a median age of 65 years. Fever was the first symptom in 49 (84%) of 58 patients with NCP, and fever was the first symptom in both severe and critical NCP patients. The incidence of cough in severe (25 / 36, 69%) and critical (6 /9, 67%) NCP patients was higher than that in general (20 /58, 34%). All critical patients have dyspnea. In terms of CT findings, common NCP showed double lung (40/58,71%) multiple (40 / 58,69%) ground glass (31/58,52%) or mixed (25 / 58,43%) lesions (56 / 58,97%); severe and critical NCP showed double lung lesions, heavy NCP mainly showed multiple (34 / 36,96%) patches (33 / 36,92%) mixed density lesions (26 / 36,72%); 9 severe NCP lesions were more than 3 cm Mixed density lesions. The percentage of pneumonia focus in the whole lung volume: the common type (12.5% ± 6.1%) was significantly lower than the severe type (25.9% ± 10.7%) and the critical type (47.2% ± 19.2%) NCP, the difference was statistically significant ( P values were < 0.001 and 0.002 respectively), and the severe type NCP was also significantly lower than the critical type ( P = 0.032). Conclusions CT and clinical features of different clinical types of NCP pneumonia are different. Chest CT findings have unique characteristic, which can not only make early diagnosis, but also evaluate its clinical course and severity.","HUANG, Lu; HAN, Rui; YU, Pengxin; WANG, Shaokang; XIA, Liming","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"332","Analysis of the first cluster of cases in a family of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Gansu Province","The epidemiological history and clinical characteristics of 7 cases of COVID-19 and 1 case of close contact in the first family aggregation epidemic of COVID-19 in Gansu Province were analyzed. The first patient A developed on January 22, 2020, with a history of residence in Wuhan, and confirmed severe cases of NCP on January 24, 2020; patient B, on January 23, 2020, diagnosed on January 31, severe cases; patient C, asymptomatic, diagnosed on January 27; patient D, asymptomatic, diagnosed on January 27; patient E, on January 24, diagnosed on January 28; patient F, asymptomatic, diagnosed on January 31; Patient G was asymptomatic and was diagnosed on January 31. In close contact, H was asymptomatic, PCR test was negative and asymptomatic, and he was discharged early. Among the 7 patients, 1 case died of (B) aggravation, and the other patients' condition was effectively controlled after active treatment. Except for the discharged cases, 5 cases were positive for COVID-19 specific IgM antibody and 1 case was negative. In this clustering outbreak, 4 patients remained asymptomatic, but PCR and IgM antibodies were positive, indicating that asymptomatic patients may be the key point to control the epidemic. Specific IgM antibody screening for patients whose pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test is negative but with ground glass-like lung lesions is very important for early detection and early isolation.;","Bai, Shaoli; Wang, Jianyun; Zhou, Yingquan; Yu, Desheng; Gao, Xiaomin; Li, Lingling; Yang, Fan","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"333","The recommendation for management of the bereavements among the family members died with novel coronavirus pneumonia","The death of a family member died with the novel coronavirus pneumonia is a special traumatic stress to the other family members and they will bear unbelievable distress and dramatic sorrow. The grief responses can be divided into normal grief responses and abnormal grief responses. The latter are much stronger, more severe, last longer and the responses can be delayed or inhibited or distorted. The management of abnormal grief responses includes counseling, supportive group, psychotherapy and medications.","JI, Jianlin","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"334","Strategy of hospital logistic support to the battle against novel coronavirus pneumonia","Nowadays hospitals have been at the forefront fighting against novel coronavirus pneumonia, with diagnosing and treating of patients as a top priority. In order to ensure the smooth progress of diagnosis and treatment, and prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infection, logistics support needs to make allowances for the isolation ward in time from the perspectives of logistics, facilities and equipment, and to transform the in-and-out double channels of ward access as required, thus setting up the partition of the three zones. Secondly, logistics support needs to optimize the logistics service workflow, including the medical waste management, the environmental disinfection isolation, and to optimize the catering service within hospitals to reduce the gathering and flow of personnel. Thirdly, logistics support needs to increase personnel training, and to eliminate psychological panic as well as to stabilize the logistics support team by putting logistics management cadres on the front line. Meanwhile, the logistics department needs to take over the hospital access screening work, strictly manage those who enter the hospital, maximize the safety and reliability of the logistics support within the hospital, and ensure the smooth progress of the epidemic prevention work.","CHEN, Changgui; XUAN, Junfang; HUANG, Xiaohua; SHOU, Hongyan; FU, Jinhong; WANG, Gongyi; CAI, Zhaobin","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"335","Materialism and dialectics of epidemic prevention and control: only by respecting science can we get twice the result with half the effort","The epidemic caused by 2019 novel coronavirus has been highly concerned by the international community including World Health Organization (WHO). This is an endless battle against human life and health. Never forget the past, the teacher of the future. When you think hard, draw inferences from one instance. Many phenomena and problems in the work of epidemic prevention, control and treatment are worthy of our deep reflection. We should use scientific thinking and dialectical materialism to make a practical and realistic summary. The purpose is to win the battle as soon as possible, and more importantly, to avoid repeating the same mistakes and prevent trouble before it happens.","WU, Xiukun","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"336","Clinical characteristics of 28 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To analysis the clinical characteristics and experiences in diagnosis and treatment of the patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Methods Clinical data of 28 patients with NCP in Nanning Fourth People's Hospital from January 22 to February 5 in 2020 were collected. The clinical manifestations, epidemiological history, laboratory tests, imaging examinations and treatments of patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results The 28 patients with confirmed viral pneumonia included 11 males and 17 females, ranging from 11 to 68 years. They all had history of epidemiological exposure and were all positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in throat swabs. There were one mild case, 25 ordinary cases and two severe cases. There were four groups of family clusters. The illness onset ranged from 1 to 12 days after exposure, and the time from the symptom onset to the positive result of the nucleic acid test was 0 to 13 days. The clinical symptoms were mainly fever and cough, which progressed rapidly in a short period of time. Since the onset of illness, the peak values of axillary temperature of the 28 patients were 36.6~39.5 ℃, while five patients had no fever throughout the course of the disease with the peak temperature of ≤37 ℃. There were two patients presented with decreased white blood cell counts, five patients with elevated C reactive protein, six patients with abnormal alanine aminotransferase, three patients with abnormal aspartate aminotransferase,10 patients with elevated creatine kinase, three patients with elevated creatine kinase isoenzyme, four patients with elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and all with normal procalcitonin levels. The chest computed tomography examinations showed that the common features were ground glass shadows (21 cases), blurred edges (18 cases), speckles and patchy shadows (17 cases), thickening and disorder of some lung textures (7 cases), and visible band shadows (7 cases). Pulmonary lesions often progressed rapidly. One 11-year-old child was treated with alpha-interferon alone, and 27 patients were treated with alpha-interferon inhalation plus lopinavir/ritonavir with 4 withdrawal due to adverse reactions. Up to February 12, nine patients had been discharged from the hospital, who were ordinary cases, without death cases. Conclusions The NCP patients mostly present with fever and cough. Pulmonary lesions often progress rapidly. Respiratory pathogen testing should be conducted as early as possible and repeatedly. Disisolation should be cautious for suspected people who are negative for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in pharynx swabs.","ZHAO, Rui; LIANG, Yunguang; LIN, Yanrong; LU, Ning; LI, Qiulian; LI, Youling; PAN, Pan; HE, Wei","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"337","How Ophthalmologists Should Understand and Respond to the Current Epidemic of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19)","The new coronavirus pneumonia that first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has attracted great attention from both the Chinese government and the international community. The International Committee on Viral Classification named the virus 'Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2' (SARS-CoV-2), and the WHO named the pneumonia it causes 'Coronavirus Disease 2019' (COVID-19). At present, the disease is centered in Wuhan City and is spreading rapidly to all parts of China, as well as twenty other countries. About 20% of the people infected during the SARS epidemic in 2003 were employees in hospital environments. COVID-19 has infected an even greater number of heath care workers. Therefore, ophthalmologists need to understand the disease and recognize the importance of taking preventive measures. Although ophthalmologists do not work on the front lines of the outbreak, due to their area of expertise, a variety of situations, such as infection consultations or ophthalmic emergency treatments, can lead to the exposure of ophthalmologists to high-risk environments. This risk will only increase as the number of infected patients continues to increase. When dealing with seemingly normal ophthalmic patients, the vigilance of ophthalmologists and associated staff tends to be significantly reduced. To better protect patients, families, and health care workers, it is strongly recommended that in addition to the standard precautions for the care of all patients, strict contact precautions and droplet precautions need to be taken by ophthalmologists. These measures include 1) wearing an efficient mask (an N95 mask); 2) always performing hand hygiene before and after examining a patient; (3) wearing sterile gloves when entering a patient’s room and touching a patient; (4) wearing a gown when contact is expected with items and environmental surfaces surrounding a patient or when the patient is incontinent or has diarrhea or a surgical or other invasive wound with oozing fluid; 5) cleaning and disinfecting ophthalmic equipment and correctly handling medical waste after examination to prevent transmission to patients who are subsequently examined; 6) wearing goggles and a disposable mask to cover the front and sides of the face before touching a patient, as the virus could spread through the ocular surface; 7) performing the relevant screening for novel coronavirus pneumonia for regular patients who have conjunctivitis and respiratory symptoms at the same time; 8) prohibiting the use of infected patients as potential donors for corneal transplants and temporarily adding donor SARS-CoV-2 screening to the medical standard of the eye bank during the outbreak; and 9) for the purposes of scientific research, diagnosis, and other special needs, packing, shipping, and transporting collected specimens according to the relevant dangerous biological goods regulations.","ZHIJIE, Li","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"338","Reconsideration on the multiple value of Behavior determining Health: in the perspective of the situation of COVID-19","Why has the concept of behavior determining health created more and more extensive and far-reaching influence ever since it was put forward? The reason lies in its multiple values. It is of great practical significance and has important implications for long-term health care to explore and analyze in the perspective of the situation of COVID-19 its philosophical values, cultural values, methodological values, social values and the national strategic value of 'healthy China'.","ZHU, Lifang; BIE, Mingke; SONG, Guojian; YANG, Zhiyin","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"339","Emergency management practice of novel coronavirus pneumonia in designated hospitals","At present, we are fighting against the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in China. For the purposes of diagnosis and treatment of NCP patients, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, as a designated hospital, make available the wards quickly, initiated the management system of public health emergencies, and established a 'tolerate admission- strict discharge' patients management program. Meanwhile, the hospital has established an emergency supply and coordinated distribution mechanism for medical protection materials, and a full-system and multi-model training system, ensuring smooth progress of the diagnosis and treatment work.","CHEN, Changgui; ZHANG, Songping; HUANG, Xiaohua; HUANG, Jinsong; CAI, Zhaobin","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"340","Efficacies of lopinavir/ritonavir and abidol in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To evaluate the efficacies of lopinavir/ritonavir and abidol in the treatment of NCP. Methods The clinical data of 134 patients with NCP receiving treatment at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center during Jan 20 to Feb 6, 2020 were retrospectively collected. All the patients received interferon-α2b spray and symptomatic supportive treatment, and 52 cases received oral lopinavir/ritonavir treatment, 34 cases received oral abidol treatment, the remaining 48 cases did not take any antiviral drugs. The efficacies at median day 7 among the three groups were compared by using Kruskal-Wallis or chi-square tests. Results The 134 patients included 69 males (51.5%) and 65 females, aged 35-62 years with the average of 48 years. The median time to temperature normalization in patients receiving abidol or lopinavir/ritonavir treatment was both 6 days after admission, and that was 4 days in the control group, with no significant difference ( χ 2 = 2.37, P =0.31). The median time to PCR negative in the respiratory specimens in the three groups was all 7 days after admission, and the PCR negative rates at day 7 after admission in lopinavir/ritonavir, abidol and control groups were 71.8% (28/39), 82.6% (19/23) and 77.1% (27/35), respectively, which were not significantly different ( χ 2 = 0.46 , P =0.79). Radiological worsening at day 7 was observed in comparable proportions of patients in the three groups, which were 42.3% ( n =22), 35.3% ( n =12) and 52.1% ( n =25), respectively ( χ 2 = 2.38, P =0.30) . Adverse reactions occurred in 17.3% ( n =9), 8.8% ( n =3) and 8.3% ( n =4) patients, respectively in the three groups ( χ 2 = 2.33, P =0.33). Conclusions This study did not find any effects of lopinavir/ritonavir and abidol on relieving symptoms or accelerating virus clearance. The efficacies of these two drugs in NCP treatment need further investigation.","CHEN, Jun; LING, Yun; XI, Xiuhong; LIU, Ping; LI, Feng; LI, Tao; SHANG, Zhiyin; WANG, Mei; SHEN, Yinzhong; LU, Hongzhou","",2020," Comparative study, RCT; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"341","Key points for the prevention and treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in the elderly","The population is commonly susceptible to the 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV), especially the elderly with comorbidities.Elderly patients infected with 2019-nCoV tend to have higher rates of severe illnesses and mortality.Immunoaging is an important cause of severe novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP)in the elderly.Due to the combination of underlying diseases, elderly patients may exhibit a typical manifestations in clinical symptoms, supplementary examinations and pulmonary imaging, deserving particular attention.The general condition of the elderly should be considered during diagnosis and treatment.In addition to routine care and measures such as oxygen therapy, antiviral therapy and respiratory support, treatment of underlying disease, nutritional support, sputum expectoration, complication prevention and psychological support should also be considered for elderly patients.Based on literature review and expert panel discussion, we drafted the Key Points for the Prevention and Treatment of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in the elderly, aiming to provide help with the prevention and treatment of NCP and the reduction of harm to the elderly population.","CHEN, Qiong; YU, Weiwei; WANG, Lijing; XI, Huan; ZHANG, Qiang; CHEN, Xinyu; HUANG, Kui; LU, Xiang; LIU, Xinmin; ZHANG, Cuntai; WANG, Jianye","",2020," Normative guidance; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"342","COVID-19 Update March 2020","Coronavirus testing, mortality, vaccine development, containment vs mitigation, and more. Anthony S. Fauci, MD discusses the latest developments in the global spread of COVID-19 and the SARS-CoV-2 virus with JAMA Editor Howard Bauchner, MD. - What's the difference between COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2? (01:15) - What's the status and accuracy of diagnostic testing in the US? (01:58) - What's the case-fatality rate for the virus? (05:31) - Scientific advances and vaccine development (25:06) - Are current clinical trials providing a picture of treatments? (13:41) - Risk communication: how do we present information so there's faith that it's accurate? (15:24) - Risk groups (children, the elderly, pregnant women) (16:26) - Containment vs mitigation vs quarantine vs isolation (19:10) - Protecting the elderly and nursing home resident (23:52) - Public health prospects in Latin America, Africa (26:35) - Will coronavirus wane in warmer months like influenza? (27:52) - Why is anxiety so high about this disease?- Does the US have capacity to care for COVID19 infection? (31:03) - What is your daily schedule like? (32:23)","Learning, JAMA JN","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"343","Why Your Rural Patients May Know More About Coronavirus Than You","","Haines, Ali; Anderson, Susan","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"344","Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19)","According to the World Health Organization (WHO), viral diseases continue to emerge and represent a serious issue to public health. In the last twenty years, several viral epidemics such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 to 2003, and H1N1 influenza in 2009, have been recorded. Most recently, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. In a timeline that reaches the present day, an epidemic of cases with unexplained low respiratory infections detected in Wuhan, the largest metropolitan area in China's Hubei province, was first reported to the WHO Country Office in China, on December 31, 2019. Published literature can trace the beginning of symptomatic individuals back to the beginning of December 2019. As they were unable to identify the causative agent, these first cases were classified as ""pneumonia of unknown etiology."" The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and local CDCs organized an intensive outbreak investigation program. The etiology of this illness is now attributed to a novel virus belonging to the coronavirus (CoV) family, COVID-19. On February 11, 2020, the WHO Director-General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, announced that the disease caused by this new CoV was a ""COVID-19,"" which is the acronym of ""coronavirus disease 2019"". In the past twenty years, two additional coronavirus epidemics have occurred. SARS-CoV provoked a large-scale epidemic beginning in China and involving two dozen countries with approximately 8000 cases and 800 deaths, and the MERS-CoV that began in Saudi Arabia and has approximately 2,500 cases and 800 deaths and still causes as sporadic cases. This new virus seems to be very contagious and has quickly spread globally. In a meeting on January 30, 2020, per the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005), the outbreak was declared by the WHO a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) as it had spread to 18 countries with four countries reporting human-to-human transmission. An additional landmark occurred on February 26, 2020, as the first case of the disease, not imported from China, was recorded in the United States. Initially, the new virus was called 2019-nCoV. Subsequently, the task of experts of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) termed it the SARS-CoV-2 virus as it is very similar to the one that caused the SARS outbreak (SARS-CoVs). The CoVs have become the major pathogens of emerging respiratory disease outbreaks. They are a large family of single-stranded RNA viruses (+ssRNA) that can be isolated in different animal species. For reasons yet to be explained, these viruses can cross species barriers and can cause, in humans, illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as MERS and SARS. Interestingly, these latter viruses have probably originated from bats and then moving into other mammalian hosts the Himalayan palm civet for SARS-CoV, and the dromedary camel for MERS-CoV before jumping to humans. The dynamics of SARS-Cov-2 are currently unknown, but there is speculation that it also has an animal origin. The potential for these viruses to grow to become a pandemic worldwide seems to be a serious public health risk. Concerning COVID-19, the WHO raised the threat to the CoV epidemic to the ""very high"" level, on February 28, 2020. Probably, the effects of the epidemic caused by the new CoV has yet to emerge as the situation is quickly evolving. World governments are at work to establish countermeasures to stem possible devastating effects. Health organizations coordinate information flows and issues directives and guidelines to best mitigate the impact of the threat. At the same time, scientists around the world work tirelessly, and information about the transmission mechanisms, the clinical spectrum of disease, new diagnostics, and prevention and therapeutic strategies are rapidly developing. Many uncertainties remain with regard to both the virus-host interac ion and the evolution of the epidemic, with specific reference to the times when the epidemic will reach its peak. At the moment, the therapeutic strategies to deal with the infection are only supportive, and prevention aimed at reducing transmission in the community is our best weapon. Aggressive isolation measures in China have led to a progressive reduction of cases in the last few days. In Italy, in geographic regions of the north of the peninsula, political and health authorities are making incredible efforts to contain a shock wave that is severely testing the health system. In the midst of the crisis, the authors have chosen to use the ""Statpearls"" platform because, within the PubMed scenario, it represents a unique tool that may allow them to make updates in real-time. The aim, therefore, is to collect information and scientific evidence and to provide an overview of the topic that will be continuously updated.","Cascella, Marco; Rajnik, Michael; Cuomo, Arturo; Dulebohn, Scott C.; Di Napoli, Raffaela","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"345","In the pipeline Derek Lowe's commentary on drug discovery and the pharma industry. An editorially independent blog from the publishers of Science Translational Medicine. All content is Dereks own, and he does not in any way speak for his employer","Lets take inventory on the therapies that are being developed for the coronavirus epidemic. Here is a very thorough list of at Biocentury, and I should note that (like Stat and several other organizations) theyre making all their Covid-19 content free to all readers during this crisis. Id like to zoom in today on the potential small-molecule therapies, since some of these have the most immediate prospects for use in the real world. The ones at the front of the line are repurposed drugs that are already approved for human use, for a lot of obvious reasons. The Biocentury list doesnt cover these, but heres an article at Nature Biotechnology that goes into detail. Clinical trials are a huge time sink they sort of have to be, in most cases, if theyre going to be any good and if youve already done all that stuff its a huge leg up, even if the drug itself is not exactly a perfect fit for the disease. So what do we have? The compound that is most advanced is probably remdesivir from Gilead, at right. This has been in development for a few years as an RNA virus therapy it was originally developed for Ebola, and has been tried out against a whole list of single-strand RNA viruses. That includes the related coronaviruses SARS and MERS, so Covid-19 was an obvious fit. The compound is a prodrug that phosphoramide gets cleaved off completely, leaving the active 5-OH compound GS-44-1524. It mechanism of action is to get incorporated into viral RNA, since its taken up by RNA polymerase and it largely seems to evade proofreading. This causes RNA termination trouble later on, since that alpha-nitrile C-nucleoside is not exactly what the virus is expecting in its genome at that point, and thus viral replication is inhibited.","Derek, Lowe; Doerffler, Edward; Clarke, Michael O.; Chun, Kwon; Zhang, Lijun; Neville, Sean; Carra, Ernest; Lew, Willard; Ross, Bruce; Wang, Queenie; Wolfe, Lydia; Jordan, Robert; Soloveva, Veronica; Knox, John; Perry, Jason; Perron, Michel; Stray, Kirsten M.; Barauskas, Ona; Feng, Joy Y.; Xu, Yili; Lee, Gary; Rheingold, Arnold L.; Ray, Adrian S.; Bannister, Roy; Strickley, Robert; Swaminathan, Swami; Lee, William A.; Bavari, Sina; Cihlar, Tomas; Lo, Michael K.; Warren, Travis K.; Mackman, Richard L.","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"346","COVID-19 Update March 2020 | Global Health | JN Learning | JAMA Ed Hub [Video recording]","Coronavirus testing, mortality, vaccine development, containment vs mitigation, and more. Anthony S. Fauci, MD discusses the latest developments in the global spread of COVID-19 and the SARS-CoV-2 virus with JAMA Editor Howard Bauchner, MD. - What's the difference between COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2? (01:15) - What's the status and accuracy of diagnostic testing in the US? (01:58) - What's the case-fatality rate for the virus? (05:31) - Scientific advances and vaccine development (25:06) - Are current clinical trials providing a picture of treatments? (13:41) - Risk communication: how do we present information so there's faith that it's accurate? (15:24) - Risk groups (children, the elderly, pregnant women) (16:26) - Containment vs mitigation vs quarantine vs isolation (19:10) - Protecting the elderly and nursing home resident (23:52) - Public health prospects in Latin America, Africa (26:35) - Will coronavirus wane in warmer months like influenza? (27:52) - Why is anxiety so high about this disease?- Does the US have capacity to care for COVID19 infection? (31:03) - What is your daily schedule like? (32:23)","JAMA","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"347","The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia calls for viral vaccines","The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that is caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly in China, and has developed to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. However, no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines are available yet. This work aims to share strategies and candidate antigens to develop safe and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. An outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes atypical pneumonia (COVID-19) has raged in China since mid-December 2019 and has spread to 26 countries (February 20, 2020). The epidemic was identified by the first four cases confirmed on December 29, 2019 and was traced to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China1. A total of 75,465 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infections have been confirmed up to date (February 20, 2020), and 2,236 people have died in China2. COVID-19 spreads rapidly by human-to-human transmission with a median incubation period of 3.0 days (range, 0 to 24.0), and the time from symptom onset to developing pneumonia is 4.0 days (range, 2.0 to 7.0)3. Respiratory droplets and direct contact are conventional transmission routes for SARS-CoV-2, and fecal-to-oral transmission might also have a role3. Fever, dry cough, and fatigue are common symptoms at onset of COVID-194. Most patients have lymphopenia and bilateral ground-glass opacity changes on chest CT scans4,5. No specific antiviral treatments or vaccines are available because it is a new emerging viral disease. Development of SARS-CoV-2-based vaccines is urgently required. The entire virus particle-based preparation of vaccines, including inactivated and attenuated virus vaccines is advisable, because it is based on previous studies about the prevention and control of seasonal influenza vaccines6. The first SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) was successfully sequenced and its genomic sequence submitted to GenBank on January 5, 2020 (Accession no. MN908947.3)7. Subsequently large-scale culture of SARS-CoV-2 was quickly performed, and an inactivated virus vaccine could be prepared through the employment of established physical and chemical methods such as UV light, formaldehyde, and ß-propiolactone8. The development of attenuated-virus vaccines is also possible by carefully screening the serially propagated SARS-CoV-2 with reduced pathogenesis such as induced minimal lung injury, diminished limited neutrophil influx, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expressions compared with the wild-type virus9. Both inactivated and attenuated virus vaccines have their own disadvantages and side effects (Table 1). Alternatively, new vaccine designs based on the putative protective antigen/peptides derived from SARS-CoV-2 should be considered","Shang, Weilong; Yang, Yi; Rao, Yifan; Rao, Xiancai","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Vaccines","WHO",""
"348","The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak - A Global Threat","The 2019 Novel Corona virus infection (COVID 19) is an ongoing public health emergency of international significance. There are significant knowledge gaps in the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, investigation tools and management. In this article, we review the available evidence about this disease. Every decade has witnessed the evolution of a new coronavirus epidemic since the last three decades. The varying transmission patterns, namely, nosocomial transmission and spread through mildly symptomatic cases is an area of concern. There is a spectrum of clinical features from mild to severe life threatening disease with major complications like severe pneumonia, ARDS, acute cardiac injury and septic shock. Presence of bilateral ground glass opacity and consolidation on imaging in appropriate clinical background should raise a suspicion about COVID 19. Poor prognostic factors include Multilobular infiltration on chest imaging, Lymphopenia, Bacterial co-infection, Smoking history, Chronic medical conditions like Hypertension and age >60 years (MuLBSTA score). Diagnosis is confirmed with PCR based testing of appropriate respiratory samples. Management is primarily supportive, with newer antivirals (lopinavir ritonavir and Remdesivir) under investigation. Role of steroids is still inconclusive. Standard infection control and prevention techniques should be followed. Vigilant screening of suspected cases and their contacts is important. Isolation of symptomatic cases and home quarantine of asymptomatic contacts is recommended. To conclude, controlling this highly transmissible disease requires international co-ordination.","Khot, W. Y.; Nadkar, M. Y.","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"349","Why does the coronavirus spread so easily between people?","As the number of coronavirus infections approaches 100,000 people worldwide, researchers are racing to understand what makes it spread so easily. A handful of genetic and structural analyses have identified a key feature of the virus a protein on its surface that might explain why it infects human cells so readily. Other groups are investigating the doorway through which the new coronavirus enters human tissues a receptor on cell membranes. Both the cell receptor and the virus protein offer potential targets for drugs to block the pathogen, but researchers say it is too early to be sure. Understanding transmission of the virus is key to its containment and future prevention, says David Veesler, a structural virologist at the University of Washington in Seattle, who posted his teams findings about the virus protein on the biomedical preprint server bioRxiv on 20 February1. The new virus spreads much more readily than the one that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS (also a coronavirus), and has infected more than ten times the number of people who contracted SARS.","Mallapaty, Smriti","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"350","Treatment strategy for gastrointestinal tumor under the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in China","The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has become a public health emergency in China. Chinese authorities and health agencies had devoted great efforts to control this disease. As surgeons specialized in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors, we should always be aware of the prevention for NCP and incorporate this awareness into every detail of clinical practice. For the patients with gastrointestinal tumors, pre-admission screening should be done in order to rule out NCP. Real-time RT-PCR panel and chest CT scan should be conducted for patients with fever (>37.3℃), travel history to Hubei Province within 14 days, or contact history with residents from Wuhan district within 14 days. Prevention measures for both medical staffs and the screen-negative admitted patients should also be enhanced because false negative is possible. Medical instruments should be properly discarded or disinfected according to standardized procedures established by the local center for disease control and prevention (CDC). Surgical operation should be reduced at a minimal level to prevent cross infection in this special period.Surgical intervention for benign tumor should be postponed. For malignant tumor, multidisciplinary therapy (MDT) is recommended and non-surgical anti-tumor therapy should be selected with higher priority. Neoadjuvant therapy is highly recommended for gastrointestinal cancer at advanced stages that meet the indications of NCCN guideline (gastric cancer T stage ≥ 2/rectal cancer T stage ≥ 3/unresectable colon cancer). Gastric or esophagogastricjunction (EGJ) malignant tumor with obstruction can be managed with gastric tube decompression or stent placement to relieve the symptoms. Transnasal enteral feeding tube intubation/percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy could be adopted to ensure enteral nutrition supply. For colorectal malignancy with simple intestinal obstruction, stent placement can achieve a high success rate, which not only helps avoid emergency surgery, but also creates a better condition for subsequent surgery. Transcatheter arterial embolization for hemostasis is an alternative choice for gastrointestinal tumor with bleeding. However, emergency operation still must be performed for patients with acute uncontrolled bleeding, obstruction or after other alternative treatment measures fail. All cases with suspicious or confirmed with NCP must be reported to the local CDC department. All invasive intervention must be performed in a designated isolation area. Tertiary prevention measure must be adopted for all anesthetists with additional face mask or medical goggle protection to prevent respiratory droplet transmission. Preventive enterostomy is preferable in lower digestive tract surgery. Thoroughly disinfecting the operating room after surgery is necessary. Fever after surgery must be carefully differentiated whether it's caused by post-surgery abdominal infection/inflammation or NCP. Single-room isolation and related examinations should be performed according to the standard procedures. We believe that with the unprecedentedly joint efforts of doctors and patients, we will eventually win this war against NCP.","CHEN, Yonghe","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"351","Report of the first cases of mother and infant infections with 2019 novel coronavirus in Xinyang City Henan Province","Objective To report the first case of a neonatal pneumonia with 2019-nCoV infection, and the experience of successfully diagnosis and treatment in late pregnancy woman with novel coronavirus pneumonia (critical type) in Xinyang city. Methods The successfully diagnosis and treatment of a woman with 38 weeks singleton pregnancy complicated with novel coronavirus pneumonia (critical type), and a case of neonatal pneumonia with 2019-nCoV infection were retrospectively analyzed. Results A single male was successfully delivered at 38-week gestation of his mother by cesarean section under third level protection in operation room. The delivery woman was diagnosed with 2019-nCoV infection at day 2 of delivery. Dyspnea and severe hypoxemia soon developed, and invasive mechanical ventilation was given. After active rescue and treatment, the delivery woman had been taken off line successfully and the condition was stable. Pharyngeal swab specimen of the neonate was sent for examination 3 days after birth, and was positive for novel coronavirus nucleic acid by fluorescence reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion 2019-nCoV may be transmitted vertically from mother to child.","LI, Mengdie; XU, Ming; ZHAN, Weiqiang; HAN, Tao; ZHANG, Guosheng; LU, Yibin","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"352","Clinical features of 2019 novel coronavirus infection patients and a feasible screening procedure","Objective To study the clinical characteristics of 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia patients and make a feasible screening process in fever clinic. Methods Epidemiologic features, clinical presentation, laboratory findings and image features of the screened patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results Totally, 46 patients were screened, 9 of them were laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, and others were defined as laboratory-excluded patients. Laboratory-confirmed patients had higher frequency of travelling or residence in Wuhan within two weeks of onset (P<0.05), but there were no differences on age, sex, other epidemiologic features and comorbidities between the two groups (P>0.05). The most common feature of the laboratory-confirmed patients was fever (100%), but the symptoms showed no differences between the two groups (P>0.05). Laboratory-confirmed patients had lower white blood cell count than the laboratory-excluded patients (P<0.05), and all of them had pneumonia in chest CT scan. None of the patients with normal chest CT had positive 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test. Conclusions No specific symptom was helpful in the diagnosis of 2019-nCoV infection. However, patients without chest CT scan changes had a very low risk of 2019-nCoV infection despite of the epidemiologic history and fever. We recommended a screening procedure that might be helpful to reduce the rate of miss diagnosis and improve screening efficiency.","LI, Yan; XU, Shengyong; DU, Tiekuan; XU, Jun; LI, Yi; YU, Xuezhong; ZHU, Huadong","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"353","Consensus on emergency surgery and infection prevention and control for severe trauma patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia","A novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) epidemic has occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province since December 2019, caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) never been seen previously in human. China has imposed the strictest quarantine and closed management measures in history to control the spreading of the disease. However, severe trauma can still occur in the NCP patients. In order to standardize the emergency treatment and the infection prevention and control of severe trauma patients with hidden infection, suspected or confirmed infection of 2019-nCoV, Trauma Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Doctors' Association organized this expert consensus. The consensus illustrated the classification of the NCP patients, severe trauma patients in need of emergency surgery, emergency surgery type, hierarchical protection for medical personnel and treatment places. Meanwhile, the consensus standardized the screening, injury severity evaluation, emergency surgical treatment strategy and postoperative management strategy of severe trauma patients during the epidemic period of NCP, providing a basis for the clinical treatment of such kind of patients.","LI, Yang; LI, Zhanfei; MAO, Qingxiang; LIU, Ding; ZHANG, Letian; YANG, Fan; XIE, Yu; ZHOU, Siru; ZHANG, Huayu; AI, Shanmu; TANG, Hao; ZHONG, Qiu; GUO, Qingshan; WANG, Yaoli; ZHANG, Weiguo; CHEN, Liyong; BAI, Xiangjun; ZHANG, Lianyang","",2020," Narrative review; Normative guidance; Infection prevention and control; Other related diseases and viruses","WHO",""
"354","Treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia based on the theory of 'three syndromes and three methods'","The latest diagnosis and treatment plan (4th edition) of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia has been issued. The diagnosis and treatment plan highlights the concept of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and Xuebijing injection was referred for three times. Xuebijing injection was successfully developed based on the theory of 'three syndromes and three methods'. The theory of 'three syndromes and three methods' is a theoretical system of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on critical diseases proposed by Professor Wang Jinda and his team in the 1970s, and it is one of the main contents of Wang Jinda's academic thought. The theory of 'three syndromes and three methods' has a deep foundation of traditional Chinese medicine theory, and it is still being continuously enriched and improved. It is also supported by multiple evidence-based data. Therefore, 'three syndromes and three methods' has rich theoretical connotation and tenacious vitality.","LI, Zhijun; LI, Yinping; WANG, Bochao","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"355","Expert consensus on elderly patients with hip fracture under epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia","With the spread of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in December 2019, the management and rehabilitation of elderly patients with hip fractures and protection of medical staff face new challenges, and need to be adjusted appropriately under this very circumstances. Hip fractures in the elderly account for more than half of osteoporotic fractures. Expert group formulate this consensus so as to make better decision against this epidemic and protect patients' families and medical staff. This consensus elaborates not only epidemic condition of NCP, but also general principles of medical admission, treatment and protection for both medical staff and patients, in order to provide some reference and promote the standardization of clinical diagnosis and treatment of elderly patients with hip fractures under the condition of NCP.","LIU, Guohui; LIU, Ximing; TONG, Xiaoling; WANG, Dongliang; CHEN, Yanxi; CAO, Liehu; LIU, Guodong; LIU, Jing; HU, Yan; HUANG, Biaotong; SHI, Zhongmin; ZHANG, Dianying; HOU, Zhiyong; LIU, Hongjian; TONG, Peijian; SONG, Shaojun; YANG, Lei; WANG, Yong; ZHANG, Lei; LUO, Tao; WANG, Meitang; ZHANG, Peng; ZHANG, Yong; LIN, Haodong; YU, Baoqing; MI, Bobin; ZHANG, Yingze; SU, Jiacan","",2020," Narrative review; Normative guidance; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"356","Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients","Background: A patient’s infectivity is determined by the presence of the virus in different body fluids, secretions, and excreta. The persistence and clearance of viral RNA from different specimens of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remain unclear. This study analyzed the clearance time and factors influencing 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) RNA in different samples from patients with COVID-19, providing further evidence to improve the management of patients during convalescence. Methods: The clinical data and laboratory test results of convalescent patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to from January 20, 2020 to February 10, 2020 were collected retrospectively. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results for patients’ oropharyngeal swab, stool, urine, and serum samples were collected and analyzed. Convalescent patients refer to recovered non-febrile patients without respiratory symptoms who had two successive (minimum 24 h sampling interval) negative RT-PCR results for viral RNA from oropharyngeal swabs. The effects of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T lymphocytes, inflammatory indicators, and glucocorticoid treatment on viral nucleic acid clearance were analyzed. Results: In the 292 confirmed cases, 66 patients recovered after treatment and were included in our study. In total, 28 (42.4%) women and 38 men (57.6%) with a median age of 44.0 (34.0–62.0) years were analyzed. After in-hospital treatment, patients’ inflammatory indicators decreased with improved clinical condition. The median time from the onset of symptoms to first negative RT-PCR results for oropharyngeal swabs in convalescent patients was 9.5 (6.0–11.0) days. By February 10, 2020, 11 convalescent patients (16.7%) still tested positive for viral RNA from stool specimens and the other 55 patients’ stool specimens were negative for 2019-nCoV following a median duration of 11.0 (9.0–16.0) days after symptom onset. Among these 55 patients, 43 had a longer duration until stool specimens were negative for viral RNA than for throat swabs, with a median delay of 2.0 (1.0–4.0) days. Results for only four (6.9%) urine samples were positive for viral nucleic acid out of 58 cases; viral RNA was still present in three patients’ urine specimens after throat swabs were negative. Using a multiple linear regression model ( F =2.669, P =0.044, and adjusted R 2 =0.122), the analysis showed that the CD4+ T lymphocyte count may help predict the duration of viral RNA detection in patients’ stools ( t =-2.699, P =0.010). The duration of viral RNA detection from oropharyngeal swabs and fecal samples in the glucocorticoid treatment group was longer than that in the non-glucocorticoid treatment group (15 days vs 8.0 days, respectively; t =2.550, P =0.013) and the duration of viral RNA detection in fecal samples in the glucocorticoid treatment group was longer than that in the non-glucocorticoid treatment group (20 days vs 11 days, respectively; t =4.631, P <0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in inflammatory indicators between patients with positive fecal viral RNA test results and those with negative results ( P >0.05). Conclusions: In brief, as the clearance of viral RNA in patients’ stools was delayed compared to that in oropharyngeal swabs, it is important to identify viral RNA in feces during convalescence. Because of the delayed clearance of viral RNA in the glucocorticoid treatment group, glucocorticoids are not recommended in the treatment of COVID-19, especially for mild disease. The duration of RNA detection may relate to host cell immunity.","LING, Yun; XU, Shui Bao; LIN, Yi Xiao; TIAN, Di; ZHU, Zhao Qin; DAI, Fa Hui; WU, Fan; SONG, Zhi gang; HUANG, Wei; CHEN, Jun; HU, Bi Jie; WANG, Sheng; MAO, En Qiang; ZHU, Lei; ZHANG, Wen Hong; LU, Hong Zhou","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"357","Analysis of early chest high resolution CT images of novel coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To investigate the first chest HRCT imaging manifestations infected with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Method A retrospective analysis of the first chest HRCT images of 106 patients with NCP clinically diagnosed in our hospital from January 3 to 25, 2020. Lesion distribution, morphology and surrounding involvement were analyzed. Result Lesions were found in the first lung HRCT of 106 patients, with unilateral lung distribution in 11 cases (10.4%), bilateral lung distribution in 95 cases (89.6%), and peripheral distribution of lung in 65 cases (61.3%). 41 cases (38.7%) were distributed at the same time; 8 cases (7.5%) were 1 lesion, 5 cases (4.7%) were 2 lesions, 93 cases (87.8%) were multiple lesions, and 12 cases were nodular lesions (11.3%). 94 cases of ground-glass lesions (88.7%), 7 cases of cord-like lesions (6.6%), 15 cases (14.2%) of coexisting lesions of two or more forms; 10 cases (9.4%) involving one lung lobe There were 96 cases (90.6%) involving two or more lung lobes; 24 cases (22.6%) with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (19 cases over 60 years old, accounting for 79.2%); 3 cases with pleural effusion (2.8 %), 1 case had pericardial effusion (0.9%), and 2 cases had pleural involvement / thickening (1.9%). Patients over 60 years of age mostly present with multiple lesions, multiple morphology, peripheral and central distribution of lungs, involving multiple lung lobes, and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Conclusions Lung lesions of NCP patients can be detected for the first time by chest HRCT, which is the preferred imaging method. Thoracic HRCT scans play an important role in the early diagnosis of new coronavirus (NCP). .","LIU, Haifeng; ZHANG, Dongyou; YANG, Yi; LONG, Bin; YIN, Long; ZHAO, Ming; PENG, Yong","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"358","Expert consensus on emergency surgery management for traumatic orthopedics under prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia","Since December 2019, novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has been reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and spreads rapidly to all through Hubei Province and even to the whole country. The virus is 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), never been seen previously in human, but all the population is generally susceptible. The virus spreads through many ways and is highly infectious, which brings great difficulties to the prevention and control of NCP. Based on the needs of orthopedic trauma patients for emergency surgery and review of the latest NCP diagnosis and treatment strategy and the latest principles and principles of evidence-based medicine in traumatic orthopedics, the authors put forward this expert consensus to systematically standardize the clinical pathway and protective measures of emergency surgery for orthopedic trauma patients during prevention and control of NCP and provide reference for the emergency surgical treatment of orthopedic trauma patients in hospitals at all levels.","LIU, Jing; LI, Hui; ZHOU, Wu; LIU, Guohui; ZHANG, Yingze; JIANG, Baoguo; TANG, Peifu; LIU, Guodong; WU, Xinbao; YUAN, Zhi; ZHOU, Fang; WANG, Tianbing; FU, Zhongguo; HOU, Zhiyong; SU, Jiacan; YU, Bin; SHAO, Zengwu; XIA, Tian; XIONG, Liming; FANG, Yue; WANG, Guanglin; LIN, Peng; CHEN, Yanxi; NI, Jiangdong; YANG, Lei; WANG, Dongliang; HE, Chengjian; LIU, Ximing; CHE, Biao; LI, Yaming; WANG, Junwen; CHEN, Ming; ZHAO, Meng; CAO, Faqi; SUN, Yun; MI, Bobin; LIU, Mengfei; XIONG, Yuan; XUE, Hang; HU, Liangcong; HU, Yiqiang; CHEN, Lang; YAN, Chenchen","",2020," Normative guidance; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"359","Clinical features and high resolutionCT imaging findings of preliminary diagnosis novel coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of 141 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and the imaging characteristics of High Resolution CT(HRCT) in the chest. Methods From January 20, 2020 to 28, 141 NCP patients, 77 males and 64 females, with a median age of 49 (9,87), were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features, laboratory examination indexes and HRCT findings of 141 NCP patients were analyzed. Results In 141 NCP patients, 38 (26.95%) had a decrease in leukocyte count and 71 (50.35%) had a decrease in lymphocyte ratio. Among 141 NCP patients, 139 (98.58%) had fever (over 37.5 ° C), 106 (75.18%) coughed, 11 (7.80%) had headache, 41 (29.08%) coughed up sputum, 93 (65.96%) had chest distress, and 4 (2.84%) had diarrhea. HRCT of 141 NCP patients were abnormal, 52 (36.88%) showed ground glass shadow (GGO) and patchy shadow, mainly subpleural distribution; 23 (16.31%) showed GGO with focal consolidation; 27 (19.15%) had small patchy blur; 20 (14.18%) had large patchy consolidation; 48 (34.04%) had bronchovascular bundle thickening and vascular perforator sign; 5 (3.55%) had Air bronchus sign; small nodule shadow in 7 cases (4.96%); fibrosis, grid shadow or strip shadow in 5 cases (3.55%); bilateral pleural effusion in 7 cases (4.96%); mediastinal or bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy in 4 cases (2.84%). Conclusions The clinical features and HRCT images of NCP are various. Under the specific epidemiological background of NCP, HRCT scan of chest should be carried out in time to make early warning of disease.","LU, Xuefang; GONG, Wei; WANG, Li; LI, Liang; XIE, Baojun; PENG, Zhoufeng; ZHA, Yunfei","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"360","Surgical treatment strategy for digestive system malignancies during the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia","The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia occurred in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, at the end of 2019, and spread rapidly across the country. After the outbreak of this disease, the overwhelming majority of cities have launched the 'first level response' and the regular diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients are greatly affected. The digestive systemic cancer is the most common malignancy. Most patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage with poor prognosis. The epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia poses new challenges to diagnosis and treatment of the patients with digestive system malignancies. Based on the fully understanding of the characteristics of digestive system tumors, we should change the treatment strategy and adopt more reasonable treatment strategy timely during the epidemic period to minimize the adverse effects of the epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia on the treatment.","MA, Fuhai; HU, Haitao; TIAN, Yantao","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"361","High resolution CT features of novel coronavirus pneumonia in children","Objective To investigate the high resolution CT (HRCT) features of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in children . Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the chest HRCT findings of 22 children diagnosed with 2019-nCov pneumonia by clinical and nucleic acid testing in Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 25, 2020 to February 5, 2020. There were 12 boys and 10 girls, aged from 2 months to 14 years old, with a median age of 4 years, and 14 patients were under 5 years old. The characteristics of lung lesions on HRCT imaging such as distribution, shape, density, etc. and whether there were hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement and pleural changes were observed by 2 radiologists. Results In all of the 22 patients, 3 patients (3/22) had normal chest CT, and 19 patients (19/22) had infiltrated lesions in lung. Among them, 7 patients had unilateral lung involvement, 12 patients had bilateral involvement. The HRCT manifestations were as follows. Six patients showed ground glass shadow, including 4 cases showed light ground glass shadow and 2 had typical crazy paving sign. Four patients showed lung consolidation, with localized strip shadow and patchy high-density shadow. Six patients showed patchy lesions with surrounding ground glass shadow, including 1 case with white lung in the right. The bronchopneumonia-like changes in 3 cases, showed scattered spot-like or patchy uneven high-density shadows. The lesions in the lower lobe were more serious than those in the upper lobe, and the lesions in the lateroposterior zone of the lung were more common than those in the apical and central area of the lung. No enlarged lymph nodes and pleural effusion were seen in all patients, and 1 case had thickened interlobar pleura. Conclusions The HRCT manifestations of NCP in children are diversified, comprehensive judgments need to be made in combination with epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, and laboratory tests, but the chest HRCT can be used as an important basis for early clinical diagnosis and prevention and control interventions.","MA, Huijing; SHAO, Jianbo; WANG, Yongjiao; ZHAI, Aiguo; ZHENG, Nannan; LI, Quan; LIU, Yan","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"362","How to conduct clinical research on anesthesiology during epidemic of the novel coronavirus pneumonia: recommendations from the epidemiological perspective","During the outbreak and epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia, anesthesiologists are not only the high-risk group of secondary infection, but also undertake tasks to initiate clinical research so that the regular pattern of disease could be summarized, which will product clinical evidences for clinical decision-making and optimization of anesthesia therapy as soon as possible. The clinical research evidences of anaesthesia are of great importance for improving the prevention and control strategy of infectious diseases and implementing relevant measures effectively. The recommendations from the epidemiological perspective are provided on how to conduct clinical research on anesthesiology during epidemic of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in the present paper: (1) The case report and case series research should be initiated promptly once the infectious cases treated in anesthesia department are diagnosed; (2) To focus on need of evidence of decision-making of diagnosis and treatment, to summarize general rules timely and to promote the rapidly production of evidence; (3) To establish a special cohort of novel coronavirus pneumonia so that more prognosis studies could be carried out; (4) To explore the risk factors which result in hospital infection among medical staffs so that hospital infection could be controlled. The purpose of this study is to provide clinicians with methodological suggestions on how to carry out high-quality clinical research in the epidemic period of infectious diseases, and to close the gap between clinical and public health.","PENG, Xiaoxia; LI, Nan","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"363","The report of two cases infection with novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) after kidney transplantation and the association literature analyzation","Objective To investigate the clinical experience of patients with novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) infection after kidney transplantation. Method Clinical data of two patients with 2019-nCoV infection after renal transplantationin Jan 2020 Renmin Hospital of Wuhan Universiyt were retrospectively analyzed.Case 1 was a 48-year-old male with CMV pneumonia secondary to 2019-nCoV infection at 4 months after transplantation. CT imaging showed multiple patchy ground-glass images of both lungs. Case 2 was a 59-year-old male, who was screened positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid due to fever at 9 days after renal transplantation and showed no clinical manifestations of pneumonia. After diagnosis, case 1 was transferred to a designated hospital for isolation. Treatment regimens: cefoperazone sulbactam sodium + linezolid to resist infection, gamma globulin to enhance immunity function, methylprednisolone to control inflammatory response, antiviral regimens including arbidol tablets + lopina-velitonavir tablets. Case 2 was treated with isolated treatment in a single room. The treatment plan included anti-infection (cefoperazone sulbactam sodium), enhancing immunity function (gamma globulin), antivirus therapy with arbidol and other symptomatic treatment. Result Follow up with 3 weeks, case 1 recovered with renal dysfunction, nucleic acid test with nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative, and pulmonary imaging improved. Case 2 showed no obvious clinical symptoms, and the nucleic acid test of nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative for 3 times. Conclusion Renal transplant recipients should receive fine protection to avoid exposure to high-risk environments. Diagnosis should be defined with combination of clinical manifestations, nucleic acid test and pulmonary imaging. At present, there are no antiviral drugs and symptomatic treatment is the main choice.","QIU, Tao; WANG, Jingyue; ZHOU, Jiangqiao; ZOU, Jilin; CHEN, Zhongbao; MA, Xiaoxiong; ZHANG, Long","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"364","Advantages and challenges of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the detection of 2019 novel coronavirus","As one of the two methods for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), gene sequencing is different from quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) in detection principles. Therefore, gene sequencing has its own pros and cons in clinical application. Currently, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is the most commonly used technology in clinical application. Due to its broad coverage of all types of pathogens, mNGS demonstrates incomparable advantage in rapid identification of novel pathogens such as 2019-nCoV. In addition, it can simultaneously identify other pathogens except 2019-nCoV and mixed infections. On the other hand, however, due to the complexity of mNGS and long detection time, it is unlikely to achieve the purpose of wide-range and rapid diagnosis of 2019 n-CoV. Therefore, mNGS can complement RT-PCR to achieve best clinical application.","TAO, Yue; FU, Qihua; MO, Xi","",2020,"Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Virology, immunology","WHO",""
"365","Early clinical manifestations and pulmonary imaging analysis of patients with Novel coronavirus pneumonia","Objective To investigate the early clinical characteristics and radiographic changes in confirmed Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and excluded NCP patients. Methods Twenty-four patients with suspected NCP admitted to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital and Jinshan Branch Hospital between January and February, 2020 were chosen as our research subjects. Early clinical features and radiographic changes were analyzed in 10 patients of confirmed NCP and 14 patients of excluded NCP. Results In the early stage, all 24 suspected patients were mild, and had normal blood gas analysis. Of 10 diagnosed patients, 50% were male. All the 10 patients had fever and fatigue, with body temperature between 37.5℃ and 38.5℃. Only 1 patient had dry cough. 2 patients had no clear epidemiological exposure history, the other 8 had a clear epidemiological exposure, with a possible incubation period of 1-10 days. From CT imaging, lesions were characterized as ground glass shadow ( n =9), which could be unilateral ( n =1) or bilateral ( n =9), and were mainly close to the pleura ( n =9), with nodule shadow ( n =1) and without focal necrosis, and could combined with pleural effusion ( n =1. Among patients excluded NCP, all 14 patients had a clear history of epidemic exposure, with an onset time of 1 to 13 days. 12 patients had fever , including 4 with temperature > 38.5°C, 8 with temperature 37.3-38.5°C, and 2 without fever. All patients had fatigue , 7 patients had dry cough and 2 patients had chest pain. From CT imaging, ground glass shadow appeared in 4 patients , lesions were unilateral in 10 patients and bilateral in 4 patients , and the lesions were relatively sporadic, without necrosis or pleural effusion. Conclusion 1．Not all patients with NCP have a direct history of epidemiology exposure, some patients may be infected unknowingly. 2. According to CT imaging, NCP seems to have no special manifestations different from other viral pneumonia. 3. NCP is more common among middle-aged people.","YANG, Tao; YU, Xiaona; HE, Xingxing; ZHOU, Wei; FU, Yifu; FENG, QiMing","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"366","Anesthesia management for cesarean section during novel coronavirous epidemic","Thirty-six puerperas who underwent emergency cesarean section at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 24, 2020 to February 9, 2020, who all wore medical surgical masks, were retrospectively included in this study. Anesthesia management was performed under tertiary medical protection measures. A dedicated anesthesia equipment was separately sterilized. Narcotic drugs were used for one patient only, and disposable medical supplies were used for anesthetic supplies. Contact transmission should be avoided when a neonate required resuscitation, and early isolation and nucleic acid testing were provided for the neonates. The rate of suspected cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was 11% , and the rate of clinically diagnosed cases was 17% before surgery. The rate of clinically diagnosed cases of 2019-nCoV was 22%, the rate of confirmed cases was 8%, and the total positive rate of diagnosis was 31% after surgery. The rate of neuraxial anesthesia was 86%, the rate of general anesthesia was 14%, the time of spinal puncture was (15±7) min, the time of tracheal intubation under general anesthesia was (2.1±1.3) min, the operation time was (95±36) min, and blood loss was (276±166) ml. The Apgar score of newborns was 8.8 ± 0.5. There was 1 neonate whose mother was diagnosed as having 2019 novel coronavirous disease after operation, an oropharyngeal swab specimen was obtained at 36 h of birth, and the swab was tested positive for 2019-nCoV by nucleic acid testing. As of February 10, 2020, an anesthesiologist involved in the operation was diagnosed to have infection by 2019-nCoV. In conclusion, diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirous disease during pregnancy is more difficult, it is necessary to perform anesthesia management for cesarean section under tertiary medical protection. Although the difficulty in anesthesia operation is increased under tertiary medical protection, anesthesiologists can carry out standardized anesthesia management and guarantee the safety of maternal and infants and anesthesiologists themselves as long as they are rigorously trained and adhere to protective protocols.","ZHOU, Zhiqiang","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control; Other related diseases and viruses","WHO",""
"367","Current status and progress of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia","Recently, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia outbroke in Wuhan and rapidly spread to all over China and even the world. Because of the strong infectivity and various clinical symptoms, it has brought certain difficulties to the epidemic prevention and control. Currently there is no specific drug for 2019-nCoV. Previous drugs used to treat other coronaviruses may be effective, but further clinical trials remain needed. We reviewed literature on the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, imaging manifestations, laboratory examination, diagnosis, complications, treatment and outcome of 2019-nCoV pneumonia.","YANG, Xinying; MIAO, Congliang; JIN, Mengdi; ZHOU, Dandan; ZHUANG, Jinqiang; HONG, Jiang","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"368","Perinatal novel coronavirus infection: a case report","We hereby reported the diagnosis, treatment process and perinatal outcome of a patient with novel coronavirus infection in perinatal period. The pregnant woman delivered a boy by cesarean section at 37 +2 gestational weeks due to severe liver dysfunction. She subsequently had a high fever 2 days later, and novel coronavirus infection was confirmed by nucleic acid test in a throat swab. After a 12-day isolation and support treatment, her two consecutive throat swab results for novel coronavirus turned negative and she was discharged. The novel coronavirus was tested in the patient's blood, urine, breast milk as well as the neonatal throat swab, and the results were all negative. The neonate had an elevated myocardial enzyme, but was otherwise well and was discharged after 14-day isolation with normal myocardial enzyme.","ZHUANG, Siying; GUO, Juanjuan; CAO, Yuming; CHEN, Huijun; XU, Dan; LI, Jiafu; ZHANG, Yuanzhen","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"369","Key points of serious adverse eventand protection of patients in ophthalmic clinical trials during novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak","The prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia is the most priority recently, and various measures during the prevention and control period will have varying degrees of impact on the implement of clinical trials. However, various examinations in ophthalmological clinical trials need close contact between operators and patients, which put us at risk of cross-infection. This paper indicated some suggestions based on the criteria of clinical trials under major public health emergencies, the management of clinical trials during epidemic period including the follow-up of subjects, the treatment of epidemic serious adverse event (SAE) and the management requirements of co-sponsors, as well as the requirements and management principles for environment, subjects, examiners and inspection equipment in the process of ophthalmic clinical trials. It may be helpful to the ophthalmic clinical trial researchers and subjects during the period of novel coronavirus infection.","ZHANG, Peng; LU, Yingyi; SONG, Shuang; YU, Xiaobing; DAI, Hong","",2020," Opinion piece; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"370","Strategies against the novel coronavirus: Possible applications of the experimental Ebola drug remdesivir are being tested","","","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"371","Current status of treatment for 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia","2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a new member of coronavirus family that can cause serious respiratory diseases after the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV). At present, there is no specific antiviral drug targeting 2019-nCoV. In facing of the increasingly serious epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia and the urgent needs in drug treatment strategies, this paper reviewed the current research situation and progress in antiviral treatment for the newly identified disease.","ZHU, Naiwei; ZHAO, Ping; QI, Zhongtian","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"372","Suggestions casted to the novel coronavirus nucleic acid amplification test from viral pneumonia pathogenesis","An outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), results in Coronavirus disease that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly with cases now confirmed in multiple countries. Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), represent by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) plays an important role in disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation. The test results by RT-PCR have attracted much attention recently. As understanding to this novel pathogen is still limited, it would be much help to combine the knowledge about its pathogenesis to judge the test results, in addition to review the quality control in laboratory. This review will focus on understanding the specific RT-PCR performance of the 2019-nCoV, under the background of viral pneumonia. The purpose of this review is to add value to NAAT of 2019-nCoV, with combined knowledge of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and pre-analysis quality control from viral pneumonia.","ZHAO, Xiuying","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Virology, immunology","WHO",""
"373","Research on the prevention and control of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia for Internet-based hospitals using UTAUT-DST model","Thanks to the transmission characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia, Internet-based hospitals can effectively cut off the transmission route via online consulting service. The hospital, leveraging the UTAUT model and DST theory, and advantages of Internet-based hospitals, is deploying step by step such four modules, as 'pre-hospital screening', 'patient acceptance', 'auxiliary diagnosis and treatment', and 'prevention and control linkage'. These efforts ultimately contribute to an innovative prevention and control pattern against the novel coronary pneumonia for Internet-based hospitals and based on the UTAUT-DST model. This practice proves an initial success, and offers useful references for prevention and control of the NCP and development of other Internet-based hospitals.","ZHOU, Yuan; TIAN, Di; ZHOU, Dian","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"374","High resolution CT findings and clinical features of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Guangzhou","To investigate the initial HRCT manifestations and clinical features of imported novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in Guangzhou. Methods. A retrospective analysis of 91 NCP patients admitted to the Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital from January 22 to 30, 2020 was performed including 39 males and 52 females, with a median age of 50 (33-62) years, then their clinical features and HRCT characteristics were analyzed. Results. The main clinical presentations included fever in 70 cases and cough in 57 cases(mainly dry coughin39 cases). The first time HRCT showed that 24 cases with NCP were normal, however other 67 cases were abnormal. The ground glass opacity in the lung on HRCT was found in 65 cases, including 64 cases with dilated blood vessel crossing the lesion, 50 cases with thickened adjacent pleura, and 47 cases with thickening of interstitial septum. The patchy opacity was seen in 42 cases, and no enlarged lymph nodes were observed in all patients. As for the lesion distribution, there were two cases with bilateral diffuse changes, 57 cases with multiple lesions, 8 cases with the lesion in only one lobe. The lesions were mainly located under the pleura area in 46 cases, including 39 cases in the lower lobe and other 7 cases in the upper lobe. And there were 13 cases without characteristic distribution in the lung. Conclusions. The initial images of NCP in Guangzhou mainly showed multiple ground glass opacity, which were mostly seen in the subpleural and lower lung fields, most of them with thickened pulmonary interstitium. Guangzhou has a higher proportion of NCP patients with mild and general patients, and some confirmed patients show negative HRCT for the first time. Patients without HRCT changes should be reviewed in a timely manner.","Yu, Chengcheng; Qu, Jing; Zhang, Songfeng; Jiang, Songfeng; Chen, Bihua; Guan, Wanhua; Gan, Qingxin; Huang, Deyang; Ling, Zhoukun; Jiang, Rui; Lin, Lin; Liu, Jinxin","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"375","Management of corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19): the Zhejiang experience","The current epidemic situation of corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) still remained severe. As the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine is the primary medical care center for COVID-19 inZhejiang Province. Based on the present expert consensus carried out by National Health Commission and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, our team summarized and established an effective treatment strategy centered on ""Four-Anti and Two-Balance"" for clinical practice. The ""Four-Anti and Two-Balance""strategy included antivirus, anti-shock, anti-hyoxemia, anti-secondary infection, and maintaining of water, electrolyte and acid base balance and microecological balance. Meanwhile, integrated multidisciplinarypersonalized treatment was recommended to improve therapeutic effect. The importance of early viralogical detection, dynamic monitoring of inflammatory indexes and chest radiograph was emphasized in clinical decision-making. Sputum was observed with the highest positive rate of RT-PCR results. Viral nucleic acids could be detected in10% patients'blood samples at acute periodand 50% of patients had positive RT-PCR results in their feces. We also isolated alive viral strains from feces, indicating potential infectiousness of feces.Dynamic cytokine detection was necessary to timely identifyingcytokine storms and application of artificial liver blood purification system. The ""Four-Anti and Two-Balance""strategyeffectively increased cure rate and reduced mortality. Early antiviral treatment could alleviate disease severity and prevent illness progression, and we found lopinavir/ritonavir combined with abidol showed antiviraleffects in COVID-19. Shock and hypoxemia were usually caused by cytokine storms. The artificial liver blood purification system could rapidly remove inflammatory mediators and block cytokine storm.Moreover, it also favoredthe balance of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base and thus improved treatment efficacy in critical illness. For cases of severe illness, early and also short periods of moderate glucocorticoid was supported. Patients with oxygenation index below 200 mmHg should be transferred to intensive medical center. Conservative oxygen therapy was preferred and noninvasive ventilation was not recommended. Patients with mechanical ventilation should be strictly supervised with cluster ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention strategies. Antimicrobial prophylaxis should be prescribed rationally and was not recommended except for patients with long course of disease, repeated fever and elevated procalcitonin (PCT), meanwhile secondary fungal infection should be concerned.Some patients with COVID-19 showed intestinal microbialdysbiosis with decreasedprobiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Nutritional and gastrointestinal function should be assessed for all patients.Nutritional support and application of prebiotics or probiotics were suggested to regulate the balance of intestinal microbiota and reduce the risk of secondary infection due to bacterial translocation. Anxiety and fear were common in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, we established dynamic assessment and warning for psychological crisis. We also integrated Chinese medicine in treatment to promote disease rehabilitation through classification methods of traditional Chinese medicine. We optimized nursing process for severe patients to promote their rehabilitation. It remained unclear about viral clearance pattern after the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, two weeks' quarantine for discharged patients was required and a regular following up was also needed.The Zhejiang experience above and suggestions have been implemented in our center and achieved good results. However, since COVID-19 was a newly emerging disease, more work was warranted to improve strategies of prevention, diagnosis and treatment for COVID-19.","Xu, Kaijin; Cai, Hongliu; Shen, Yihong; Ni, Qin; Chen, Yu; Hu, Shaohua; Li, Jianping; Wang, Huafen; Yu, Liang; Huang, He; Qiu, Yunqing; Wei, Guoqing; Fang, Qiang; Zhou, Jianying; Sheng, Jifang; Liang, Tingbo; Li, Lanjuan","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"376","Dynamic changes of chest CT imaging in patients with corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19)","OBJECTIVE: To analyze the dynamic changes of chest CT images of patients with corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). METHODS: Fifty-two cases of COVID-19 were admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The consecutive chest CT scans were followed up for all patients with an average of 4 scans performed per patient during the hospitalization. The shortest interval between each scan was 2 days and the longest was 7 days. The shape, number and distribution of lung shadows, as well as the characteristics of the lesions on the CT images were reviewed. RESULTS: The obvious shadows infiltrating the lungs were shown on CT images in 50 cases, for other 2 cases there was no abnormal changes in the lungs during the first CT examination. Ground-glass opacities (GGO) were found in 48 cases (92.3%), and 19 cases (36.5%) had patchy consolidation and sub-consolidation, which were accompanied with air bronchi sign in 17 cases (32.7%). Forty one cases (78.8%) showed a thickened leaflet interval, 4 cases (7.6%) had a small number of fibrous stripes. During hospitalization, GGO lesions in COVID-19 patients gradually became rare, the fibrous strip shadows increased and it became the most common imaging manifestation. The lesions rapidly progressed in 39 cases (75.0%) within 6-9 days after admission. On days 10-14 of admission, the lesions distinctly resolved in 40 cases (76.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The chest CT images of patients with COVID-19 have certain characteristics with dynamic changes, which are of value for monitoring disease progress and clinical treatment.","Wang, Jincheng; Liu, Jinpeng; Wang, Yuanyuan; Liu, Wei; Chen, Xiaoqun; Sun, Chao; Shen, Xiaoyong; Wang, Qidong; Wu, Yaping; Liang, Wenjie; Ruan, Lingxiang","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"377","Emergency management of prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia in departments of stomatology","Complying with overall requirements of the government and regulations on public health emergences, as well as the clinical features of diagnosis and treatment of dental illness, this paper refers to previous guidelines and studies on the infection prevention and control in dental diagnosis and treatment in China and foreign countries. Nanjing Stomatological Hospital has implemented the emergency management practices for the prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), mainly focusing on the implementation of prevention and control training programs for medical staffs and the infection control projects on the hospital environment. This study could provide reference for rapid response and emergency management for the prevention and control of NCP in the departments of stomatology.","TANG, He Shu; YAO, Zhi Qing; WANG, Wen Mei","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"378","Psychological intervention in oral patients in novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak period","Public health emergencies have an impact on the public mental health. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus has affected the normal diagnosis and treatment services in oral medical institutions across the country. Delay of non-emergency dental service will have a potential impact on the experience, cognition, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with oral diseases. Through literature review, this paper reviewed the oral psychosomatic diseases closely related to patients' psychological state, such as oral mucosal disease, temporomandibular joint disease, bruxism, periodontal disease and so on. It was believed that these patients might be more susceptible to the impact of stress events, and dental specialists should pay more attention to them. At the same time, this paper analyzes the possible psychological stress symptoms of patients with different oral diseases, and puts forward suggestions for remote consultation and emergency treatment of dentists. From the perspective of social role, dentists not only played the role of expert in dental home professional guidance, but also played the role of psychological counseling for patients.","QU, Xing; ZHOU, Xue Dong","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"379","Standardized diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer during the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Renji hospital","Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is currently raging in China. It has been proven that NCP can be transmitted from human to human and cause hospital infection, which seriously threatens surgical staffs and inpatients. Although colorectal surgery is not a front-line subject in the fight against the epidemic, but in this special situation, now it is a difficult task that with the premise of how to maximize the protection for patients and their families, health of medical staff, and the safety of wards and hospitals, we can provide the highest quality medical services to ensure the orderly development of previous clinical work. Referring to the "Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for NCP (Trial Version 4 and 5)" and combining the actual practice situation in our hospital with the "Summary of New Coronavirus Files of Shanghai Renji Hospital", we summarize how to carry out the clinical practice of colorectal surgery under the situation of the prevention and control of the NCP epidemiology, meanwhile under such situation aiming the procedure of diagnose and treatment for emergency patients with colorectal tumor, we share the experiences of the diagnosis of colorectal tumor, the management of patients with colorectal cancer who are scheduled to be admitted for surgery, the protection of wards, the perioperative management. More importantly, we introduce in detail the operative management and perioperative management of colorectal surgery patients suspected or diagnosed with new coronary pneumonia, including prevention and control measures for medical staff, operating rooms and surgical instruments. The main points are as follows: (1) Multidisciplinary team (MDT) must be run through the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. The members include not only routine departments, but also respiratory department and infectious department. (2) Colonoscopy examination may cause cross infection of NCP to patients and doctors. Therefore, it is prior to examine the emergency cases and life-threatening patients (bleeding, obstruction, gastrointestinal foreign bodies, etc.). If the emergent patients (intestinal obstruction) with suspected or confirmed NCP, the surgeons must perform emergency surgery, and intestinal decompressive tube through colonoscopy is not recommended. (3) The colorectal cancer patients with suspected or confirmed NCP should be placed in the isolated room with separate medical devices, and the operative room with negative pressure (under-5 Pa) must be separated. All disposable medical items, body fluids and feces of the patients in perioperative periods must be unified disposed according to the medical waste standard. (4) The surgical medical workers who process colorectal cancer patients with NCP must be protected by three-level. After operation, the medical workers must receive medical observation and be isolated for 14 days. We hope our "Renji experience" will be beneficial to colleagues.","LUO, Yang; ZHONG, Ming","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"380","Novel coronavirus pneumonia in the primary general hospital of treatment based on traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and prevention","To observe the curative effect of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment for novel coronavirus pneumonia (novel coronavirus pneumonia, NCP) patients and the preventive effect for Chinese medical staff. Methods. A total of 62 NCP suspected patients admitted in 2020 were treated with TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment, as well as our hospital medical staff with No.1-4 hospital prescription. After taking traditional Chinese medicine, 16 out of 25 NCP suspected patients with phlegm heat stagnating lung syndrome were discharged to home for isolation observation, 4 patients hospitalized for observation, and 5 patients confirmed with NCP. For 15 patients with phlegm dampness accumulating lung syndrome, 7 patients were discharged to home for isolation observation, 3 patients were hospitalized for observation and 5 patients have been confirmed. For 18 patients with spleen stomach disharmony syndrome, 15 patients were discharged to home for isolation observation, 1 patient was hospitalized for observation and 2 patients have been confirmed. For 4 patients with Qi deficiency and dampness stagnation syndrome were discharged to home for isolation observation, 1 patient was hospitalized for observation, and two have been confirmed. The duration of taking traditional Chinese medicine was 1 to 20 days from admission to be discharged. The doctors and nurses who took the prescription of TCM for 12 to 15 days have been prevented from NCP infection. Conclusions. The clinical effect and the preventive effect of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment for NCP have been proved to be satisfactory. TCM can go into the primary hospital for treatment and prevention on NCP.","Liao, Rongye; Yang, Jie; Cao, Zhi; Wang, Jun","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"381","Management strategy of Novel coronavirus pneumonia in burn and wound care ward","The prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has already entered a key period . The patients treated in the burn and wound care ward are susceptible to viral infection because of disease, age and other factors, so it is very important to manage the burn and wound care ward during the prevention and control of NCP epidemic. In this paper, combining with the key clinical problems of prevention and control in hospital during the epidemic period of NCP infection, medical evidence, and clinical and management experience, the author formulates prevention and control management strategy of the author's unit in order to provide reference for prevention and control of burn and wound care ward.","LI, Ning; LIU, Ting Min; CHEN, Hua Ling; LIAO, Jian Mei","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"382","Update: Public Health Response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak United States, February 24, 2020 | MMWR","Fourteen cases have been diagnosed in the United States, in addition to 39 cases among repatriated persons from high-risk settings, for a current total of 53 cases within the United States. U.S. government agencies and public health partners are implementing aggressive measures to slow and try to contain transmission of COVID-19 in the United States.","Jernigan, Daniel B.","",2020," Narrative review","WHO",""
"383","Initial Public Health Response and Interim Clinical Guidance for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak United States, December 31, 2019February 4, 2020 | MMWR","CDC, multiple other federal agencies, state and local health departments, and other partners are implementing aggressive measures to slow transmission of 2019-nCoV in the United States, be ready if widespread transmission occurs, and work on medical countermeasures.","@CDCgov","",2020," Normative guidance; Epidemiology; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"384","This beast is moving very fast. Will the new coronavirus be containedor go pandemic? | Science | AAAS","Modelers are trying to forecast how the virus will move, but they need better data","@NewsfromScience","",2020," Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"385","This beast is moving very fast. Will the new coronavirus be containedor go pandemic?","The silver lining of the epidemic is that scientists have collected and shared information at record speed. Every day that goes by we know more and every day that goes by we can do better modeling, Vespignani says. Unfortunately, this beast is moving very fast.","Cohen, Kai Kupferschmidt; Jon","",2020," Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"386","A Novel Coronavirus Outbreak from Wuhan City in China, Rapid Need for Emergency Departments Preparedness and Response; a Letter to Editor","","Alavi-Moghaddam, Mostafa","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"387","Recommendations for respiratory rehabilitation of COVID-19 in adult","COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory infection disease, which leads to dysfunction of respiratory, physical, and psychological of the patients. pulmonary rehabilitation is an important intervention for clinical patients as well as cure patients. With the deeper cognition of COVID-19 and accumulation of clinical experience, we proposed the recommendations for pulmonary rehabilitation of COVID-19 in adults based on the opinions of front-line clinical experts involved in the management of this epidemic and a review of the relevant literature and evidences: 1. for the inpatients with COVID-19, pulmonary rehabilitation would relieve the symptoms of dyspnea, anxiety, and depression; eventually improve physical function and the quality of life; 2. For severe/critical inpatients, the early performance of pulmonary rehabilitation is not suggested. 3. For isolating patients, the pulmonary rehabilitation guidence should be conducted through education video, instruction manual or remote consultation. 4. Assessment and monitor should be performed throughout the entire pulmonary rehabilitation process.5. Taking proper grading protection following the guideline. These recommendations can serve as a clinical practice guidence and basis for pulmonary rehabilitation of COVID-19.","Chinese Association of Rehabilitation, Medicine; Respiratory rehabilitation committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation, Medicine; Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation Group of Chinese Society of Physicai, Medicine; Rehabilitation","10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200228-00206",2020," Normative guidance; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"388","Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of lung cancer patients during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)","With the increasing number of cases and widening geographical spread, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been classified as one of the class B infectious diseases but prevented and controlled as class A infectious disease by the National Health Commission of China. The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer patients have been challenged greatly because of extraordinary public health measures since the lung cancer patients are a high-risk population during the COVID-19 outbreak period. Strict protection for lung cancer patients is needed to avoid infection. Lung cancer patients are difficult to differentiate from patients with COVID-19 in terms of clinical symptoms, which will bring great trouble to the clinical work and physical and mental health of lung cancer patients. This review will demonstrate how to applicate appropriate and individual management for lung cancer patients to protect them from COVID-19.","Yang, L.; Xu, H. Y.; Wang, Y.","10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200229-00152",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"389","Characteristics of peripheral blood leukocyte differential counts in patients with COVID-19","To investigate the early changes of peripheral blood leukocyte differential counts in patients with COVID-19. Ten patients with COVID-19 and 30 patients with other viral pneumonia (non-COVID-19) admitted to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and Jinshan Branch Hospital from January 22 to February 17, 2020 were enrolled in this study. The differential counts of white blood cells were analyzed. Patients in COVID-19 group showed relatively lower absolute white blood cell (WBC) count 4.95(3.90,6.03)×10(9)/L, lymphocyte absolute count 1.20(0.98,1.50)×10(9)/L and eosinophil absolute count 0.01(0.01,0.01)×10(9)/L. Leukopenia developed in two patients(2/10), lymphocytopenia also in two patients(2/10). Seven over ten patients presented with eosinophil cytopenia. In non-COVID-19 group, absolute WBC count was 8.20 (6.78,9.03) ×10(9)/L (P<0.001), lymphocyte absolute count 1.75(1.20,2.53)×10(9)/L(P=0.036), eosinophil absolute count 0.02(0.01,0.03)×10(9)/L(P=0.05). Lymphocytopenia occurred in (16.7%) patients, eosinophil cytopenia in 16.7% patients too. In conclusion, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia and eosinophil cytopenia are more common in COVID-19 patients than those in non- COVID-19 patients.","Li, Y. X.; Wu, W.; Yang, T.; Zhou, W.; Fu, Y. M.; Feng, Q. M.; Ye, J. M.","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"390","Daily briefing: Worlds biggest physics meeting cancelled over coronavirus fears","The March Meeting of the APS was cancelled just 36 hours before it was scheduled to begin today. Plus: the best repositories for life-sciences imaging data and how to find early-career grants and fellowships.","Graham, Flora","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"391","Novel coronavirus COVID-19: an overview for emergency clinicians","Prior to the global outbreak of SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 were the only coronaviruses known to infect humans. Following the SARS outbreak, 5 additional coronaviruses have been discovered in humans, most recently the novel coronavirus COVID-19, believed to have originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. SARS-CoV and MERSCoV are particularly pathogenic in humans and are associated with high mortality. In this review, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of the recently discovered COVID-19 are reviewed, with a focus on best practices and the public health implications.","Giwa, A.; Desai, A.","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"392","Coronavirus outbreak: the role of companies in preparedness and responses","As in previous health crises, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has raised questions about preparedness and emergency responses in many countries. In this crisis, what role can companies play? Public and private companies must continue to produce or provide their services, but with consideration of the health context. Many companies are involved with the COVID-19 outbreak because they are established in or work with China (client or supplier), and most have already activated their business continuity planning or equivalent. During an infectious disease outbreak like COVID-19, most large companies around the world have a major part to play, especially in terms of preparedness and emergency response. Indeed, companies should be integrated into the governmental health contingency plan developed in many countries, and by WHO and the International Labor Organization. Helped by their occupational practitioners, healthcare advisers, and safety professionals, companies that have a financial capacity and responsibilities (including governmental, federal, or state administrations) will thus have to prepare their business continuity planning for when cases of infected patients occur in the company. They also must be prepared for the potential psychosocial and psychological effects of outbreaks. All health professionals should be involved in the development and implementation of recommendations for companies and their environments","Fadel, Marc; Salomon, Jérôme; Descatha, Alexis","10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30051-7",NA," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"393","In bid to rapidly expand coronavirus testing, U.S. agency abruptly changes rules | Science | AAAS","The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today recommended a dramatic shift in how it implements regulations that control whether laboratories can use diagnostic kits created in-house to test for infections of coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19). We issued a policy this morning that allows us to have a lot of flexibility around the development of diagnostic tests, said FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn at a White House briefing with President Donald Trump this afternoon. We expect this policy to have a significant impact. The change could greatly expand the number of laboratories able to do coronavirus testing. The U.S. government has come under severe criticism for not providing nearly enough tests needed to understand the extent of spread in the population. A test kit produced and distributed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was shelved after state and local lab trying it out discovered that it contained a faulty reagent. As a result, many labs that have the capability to test themselves have not been allowed to do so. The new recommendations focus on high-complexity testing laboratories that are certified under federal rules known as Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. This group of facilities includes many hospital labs, like the one that epidemiologist Michael Mina works at Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston. Essentially its opening up a clear and concise avenue for labs like the one at Brigham and Womens, says Mina. Its what Ive been advocating for a month now.","Cohen, Jon","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"394","The United States badly bungled coronavirus testingbut things may soon improve | Science | AAAS","Speed is critical in the response to COVID-19. So why has the United States been so slow in its attempt to develop reliable diagnostic tests and use them widely? The World Health Organization (WHO) has shipped testing kits to 57 countries. China had five commercial tests on the market 1 month ago and can now do up to 1.6 million tests a week; South Korea has tested 65,000 people so far. The U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in contrast, has done only 459 tests since the epidemic began. The rollout of a CDC-designed test kit to state and local labs has become a fiasco because it contained a faulty reagent. Labs around the country eager to test more suspected casesand test them fasterhave been unable to do so. No commercial or state labs have the approval to use their own tests. In what is already an infamous snafu, CDC initially refused a request to test a patient in Northern California who turned out to be the first probable COVID19 case without known links to an infected person.","Cohen, Jon","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"395","Coronavirus just caused the American Physical Society to cancel its biggest meeting of the year | Science | AAAS","Citing the growing threat of the coronavirus, the American Physical Society (APS), the 55,000 member professional society for physicists and researchers in associated fields, cancelled its largest meeting of the year just 34 hours before it was supposed to begin. APSs March Meeting was to be held this week at the Colorado Convention Center in Denver, and the society anticipated more than 10,000 people from all over the world would attend. However, late yesterday, APS issued a statement abruptly calling off the meeting. The decision to cancel was based on the latest scientific data being reported, and the fact that a large number of attendees at this meeting are coming from outside the U.S., including countries where the virus is circulating and for which the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have advised people to avoid non-essential travel, the APS statement says. [T]his decision was made out of deep concern for the health and well-being of our registrants, staff, vendors, and the Denver community.","Cho, Adrian","",2020," Opinion piece; Ethics, social science, economics; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"396","Coronavirus : rester proactif","","Gardier, Stéphany; Petignat, Christiane","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"397","How Coronaviruses Cause Infectionfrom Colds to Deadly Pneumonia","The novel coronavirus outbreak raises questions about how such pathogens evolve and what makes infections mild or severe","Makin, Simon","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"398","Mensajero de la Salud: nuevo coronavirus 2019-nCoV","Declaratoria de Emergencia en Salud Pública de importancia Internacional por el nuevo coronavirus 2019-nCoV","Mexico. Secretaria de la, Salud","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"399","Infecciones por Coronavirus. Diagnóstico y Tratamiento","Boletín bibliográfico Bibliomed Suplemento ofrece en su edición especial de enero de 2020, una actualización sobre "Infecciones por Coronavirus. Diagnóstico yTratamiento"","Cuba. Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas. Biblioteca Médica, Nacional","",2020,"","WHO",""
"400","Novo Coronavírus (2019-nCoV): nota técnica","A Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SESA), através da Célula de Imunização (CEMUN) e o Centro de Informações Estratégicas em Vigilância em Saúde (CIEVS), da Coordenadoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica e Prevenção em Saúde (COVEP), vem por meio desta ALERTAR para a ocorrência de casos do Novo Coronavírus (2019-nCoV) no mundo.Essa nota deve ser divulgada amplamente entre profissionais de saúde de estabelecimentos públicos e privados","Ceará. Secretaria de, Saúde","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"401","Protocolo de Manejo Clínico para o Novo Coronavírus (2019-nCoV)","Em 22 de janeiro de 2020, foi ativado o Centro de Operações de Emergências em Saúde Pública para o novo Coronavírus (COE nCoV), estratégia prevista no Plano Nacional de Resposta às Emergências em Saúde Pública do Ministério da Saúde. O novo Coronavírus (2019-nCoV) é um vírus identificado como a causa de um surto de doença respiratória detectado pela primeira vez em Wuhan, China. Desde 2005, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) está aprimorando suas capacidades de responder às emergências por síndromes respiratórias, dispondo de planos, protocolos, procedimentos e guias para identificação, monitoramento e resposta às emergências em saúde pública...","Brasil. Ministerio da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção Especializada à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Hospitalar, Domiciliar e de Urgência Coordenação-Geral de Urgência Força Nacional do Sistema Único de Saúde","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"402","Novo Coronavírus: atendimento a pessoas com suspeita de infecção pelo novo coronavírus (2019-nCoV) na Atenção Primária à Saúde","","Brasil. Ministerio da, Saude","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"403","Novo Coronavírus: fluxo de atendimento na aps para o novo coronavírus (2019-NCOV)","priorizar o atendimento de casos suspeitos de novo Coronavírus, medidas de controle e registrar o atendimento no sistema de informação da Atenção Primária (SISAB)","Brasil. Ministerio da, Saude","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"404","In Case You Haven't Heard
","China reported a major drop in new coronavirus cases to 2,641 on Feb. 15, a decline after Chinese officials began implementing measures to contain the illness, and a slight increase in new deaths to 143, Fox News reported Feb. 16. The new figures bring the total number of deaths from the virus, now known as COVID-19, to 1,523 globally, and there are 66,492 confirmed cases in the country, according to China's National Health Commission. The outbreak has taxed health care workers, doctors and nurses throughout China, particularly in Wuhan, where it first originated in December 2019. Robots have been deployed in some hospitals to deliver medicines and disinfect surfaces so workers are free to do other tasks. Survivors of the outbreak in China could face a mental health toll after weeks of being quarantined from the rest of the world, which could create anxiety and fear, according to some mental health professionals.","","10.1002/mhw.32253",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"405","COVID-19: another infectious disease emerging at the animal-human interface","","Murdoch, David R.; French, Nigel P.","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"406","","","Matter, M.","",2020,"","WHO",""
"407","Psychological intervention in oral patients in novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak period","Public health emergencies have an impact on the public mental health. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus has affected the normal diagnosis and treatment services in oral medical institutions across the country. Delay of non-emergency dental service will have a potential impact on the experience, cognition, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with oral diseases. Through literature review, this paper reviewed the oral psychosomatic diseases closely related to patients' psychological state, such as oral mucosal disease, temporomandibular joint disease, bruxism, periodontal disease and so on. It was believed that these patients might be more susceptible to the impact of stress events, and dental specialists should pay more attention to them. At the same time, this paper analyzes the possible psychological stress symptoms of patients with different oral diseases, and puts forward suggestions for remote consultation and emergency treatment of dentists. From the perspective of social role, dentists not only played the role of expert in dental home professional guidance, but also played the role of psychological counseling for patients.","Qu, X.; Zhou, X. D.","10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20200213-00053",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"408","SARS-CoV-2: a novel deadly virus in a globalised world","","Dilcher, Meik; Werno, Anja; Jennings, Lance C.","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"409","Real-time forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic in China from February 5th to February 24th, 2020","The initial cluster of severe pneumonia cases that triggered the COVID-19 epidemic was identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. While early cases of the disease were linked to a wet market, human-to-human transmission has driven the rapid spread of the virus throughout China. The Chinese government has implemented containment strategies of city-wide lockdowns, screening at airports and train stations, and isolation of suspected patients; however, the cumulative case count keeps growing every day. The ongoing outbreak presents a challenge for modelers, as limited data are available on the early growth trajectory, and the epidemiological characteristics of the novel coronavirus are yet to be fully elucidated.We use phenomenological models that have been validated during previous outbreaks to generate and assess short-term forecasts of the cumulative number of confirmed reported cases in Hubei province, the epicenter of the epidemic, and for the overall trajectory in China, excluding the province of Hubei. We collect daily reported cumulative confirmed cases for the 2019-nCoV outbreak for each Chinese province from the National Health Commission of China. Here, we provide 5, 10, and 15 day forecasts for five consecutive days, February 5th through February 9th, with quantified uncertainty based on a generalized logistic growth model, the Richards growth model, and a sub-epidemic wave model.Our most recent forecasts reported here, based on data up until February 9, 2020, largely agree across the three models presented and suggest an average range of 74097496 additional confirmed cases in Hubei and 11281929 additional cases in other provinces within the next five days. Models also predict an average total cumulative case count between 37,415 and 38,028 in Hubei and 11,58813,499 in other provinces by February 24, 2020.Mean estimates and uncertainty bounds for both Hubei and other provinces have remained relatively stable in the last three reporting dates (February 7th 9th). We also observe that each of the models predicts that the epidemic has reached saturation in both Hubei and other provinces. Our findings suggest that the containment strategies implemented in China are successfully reducing transmission and that the epidemic growth has slowed in recent days. Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus, China, Real-time forecasts, Phenomenological models","Chowell, K. Roosa; Lee, Y.; Luo, R.; Kirpich, A.; Rothenberg, R.; Hyman, J. M.; Yan, P.; G","",2020," Epidemiological study; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"410","NOVEL CORONAVIRUS THAT RECENTLY EMERGED IN CHINA","","Israeli, Eitan","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"411","2019-nCoV : leçons dincertitudes et de mondialisation","","Matter, Michel","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"412","Directrices de Laboratorio para la detección y diagnóstico de la Infección con el Nuevo Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV)","En las directrices de laboratorio para la detección y diagnóstico de la infección con el nuevo coronovirus 2019 la Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS/OMS) recomienda a los Estados Miembros garantizar su identificación oportuna, el envío de las muestras a laboratorios nacionales y de referencia y la implementación del protocolo de detección molecular para 2019-nCoV, según la capacidad del laboratorio.","Organización Panamericana de la, Salud","",2020," Normative guidance; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"413","The management of biosafety risk in clinical laboratory of hospital during the outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus disease","During the outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), the clinical laboratories of hospitals designated for the disease treatment is undertaking a lot of clinical testing work of infectious specimens. How to manage the biosafety risk is a major problem that the clinical laboratory and the nosocomial infection control department are facing. This article introduces the hierarchical prevention and control biosafety measures in the clinical laboratory from the perspective of the laboratory, with a view to provide reasonable and feasible methods for the clinical laboratories of hospitals at various levels during the outbreak.","XIAO, Yuling; LU, Xiaojun; KANG, Mei; LI, Dongdong; JIANG, Hong; CHEN, Jie; YING, Binwu; XIE, Yi","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"414","Guidance on strengthening the management processes of children's fever in outpatient department during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic period (First Edition)","Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) is a class B infectious disease, which is prevented and controlled according to class A infectious diseases. Recently, children′s NCP cases have gradually increased, and children′s fever outpatient department has become the first strategic pass to stop the epidemic. Strengthening the management of the fever diagnosis process is very important for early detection of suspected children, early isolation, early treatment and prevention of cross-infection. This article proposes prevention and control strategies for fever diagnosis, optimizes processes, prevents cross-infection, health protection and disinfection of medical staff, based on the relevant diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control programs of the National Health and Health Commission and on the diagnosis and treatment experience of experts in various provinces and cities. The present guidance summarizes current strategies on pre-diagnosis; triage, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019-nCoV infection in common fever, suspected and confirmed children, which provide practical suggestions on strengthening the management processes of children′s fever in outpatient department during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic period.","ZHANG, Guocheng; CHENG, Xiaoning; DING, Hui; SHI, Zhaoling; LI, Ruying; FU, Zhou; CHEN, Qiang; ZHAO, Dongchi; JIN, Runming; NIE, Guoming; LU, Jirong; LIU, Changshan; ZHAO, Deyu; PAN, Jiahua; FENG, Zhichun; SHI, Yuan; XIA, Zhengkun; ZHENG, Chengzhong; JIANG, Jinjin; WANG, Junxia; ZHENG, Yuejie; SHANG, Yunxiao; XIANG, Wei; XU, Baoping; SHEN, Kunling; WANG, Tianyou; YANG, Yonghong; LU, Quan","",2020," Normative guidance; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"415","Advices on the prevention and control of nosocomial infection of novel coronavirus within childrens hospitals","The pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which began in December 2019, has become the most serious public health problem, threatening people's health and life. This threat is posing a severe challenge on the diagnosis and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection, the prevention and control of hospital cross infection of medical staff. It is suggested that in addition to strengthening the organization and leadership of the abovementioned work, establishing and improving the prevention and control mechanism deserve greater attention. Furthermore, special attention should be given to the safety of the medical staff, strengthening their infection monitoring and outbreak management. Medical staff in different work areas and positions should be placed under careful protection, cleaning and disinfection measures. The protection during specimen collection, transportation and medical waste management should also be prioritized. This paper also put forward management suggestions for the outpatient department, isolation ward and other key departments. These measures are proposed to provide a guidance for the prevention and control of 2019-nCoV nosocomial infection in the pediatric outpatient and ward.","XU, Hongzhen; CHEN, Shuohui; FU, Junfen; SHU, Qiang; CHEN, Zhimin; SUN, Wei; WANG, Dan; ZHU, Haihong; ZHOU, Hongqin; HUANG, Guolan; FU, Zangzang; ZHAO, Hangyan; WANG, Bin; WU, Xiaoqing; LIANG, Yuqin; HUANG, Yufen; GU, Meihong; WANG, Wei","",2020," Narrative review; Normative guidance; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"416","Clinical analysis of 23 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Xinyang City, Henan Province","Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of the patients with 2019-nCoV infection, so as to provide basis for clinical diagnosis. Methods The epidemiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory and radiologic data of 23 patients with 2019-nCoV infection admitted to the Fifth People's Hospital of Xinyang City from January 22,2020 to January 29, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The 23 patients with 2019 nCov infection consisted of 15 men and 8 women, and the median age was 46.0 (40.5, 52.0) years (27-80 years); 9 of them had basic disease (39%), including hypertension (17%), cardiovascular diseases (17%), diabetes (9%), hypothyroidism (4%) and old tuberculosis (4%). All the 23 patients had contact history in Wuhan area or with confirmed infections. Clinical symptoms included: fever (100%), cough (70%), expectoration (43%), myalgia (26%), headache (17%) and dyspnea (17%), and the less common symptoms were diarrhea (4.3%). Blood routine test: white blood cells (WBC) < 4×10 9 /L in 11 cases (48%), (4-10)×10 9 /L in 10 cases (43%), >10 × 109/L in 2 cases (9%); lymphocytopenia in 13 cases (56%). All 23 patients had different degrees of infective lesions in chest CT examination, with 9 cases (39%) on one side and 14 cases (61%) on both sides. Classification: 19 mild cases, 4 severe cases, no critical or death case. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome [4 (17%)]. No case was reported with the damage of liver or kidney function and with secondary infection. Conclusions Epidemic history of contact, fever, pneumonia signs of chest CT, normal or decreased count of WBC and lymphocytopenia are the clinical basis for diagnosis of the disease. However, at present, the treatment of patients has not been completed, the effective treatment strategy and final prognosis are not clear.","XU, Ming; LI, Mengdie; ZHAN, Weiqiang; HAN, Tao; LIU, Litao; ZHANG, Guosheng; LU, Yibin","",2020," Epidemiological study; Narrative review; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"417","Experts proposal and frequently asked questions of rapid screening and prevention of novel coronavirus pneumonia in children","The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has become the most severe public health issue at the moment, threatening people′s lives. Pediatricians in Shanghai have recently launched a discussion on the focused questions of NCP, including the incidence situation, epidemiological features, essentials of early screening, treatment and nosocomial infection prevention of children′s novel coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV), and further put forward the experts proposal upon the patterns of disease occurrence, development, diagnosis and control, for the reference of frontline pediatricians.","ZHANG, Lei; CAO, Qing; WANG, Ying; LU, Quan; HONG, Jianguo; YIN, Yong; ZHANG, Xiaobo; ZHANG, Jianhua; LU, Min; DONG, Xiaoyan; LU, Yanming; ZHANG, Jing; ZHANG, Jian","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"418","Strategies suggested for emergency diagnosis and treatment of traumatic orthopedicsin the epidemic periodof Corona Virus Disease 2019","Objective To suggest strategies for emergency diagnosis and treatment of trauma orthopedics in the epidemic period of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19). Methods In the epidemic of COVID-19 from January 21 to February 15, 2020, 128 patients with orthopaedic trauma sought emergency treatment at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Wuhan University. They were 71 males and 57 females with an average age of 48.7 years (from 5 to 88 years).Of them, 107 cases were treated at the outpatient department and 21 hospitalized. Emergency operations were carried out for 4 cases and selective operationsfor 17 cases. COVID-19 infections were recorded in the patients and medical staff as well. Measures taken and experiences learned were summarized since the epidemicoutbreak of COVID-19. Results Of the 107 cases treated at the outpatient department, 3 had a definite diagnosis of COVID-19 and 3 a suspected diagnosis of COVID-19. Of the 4 cases undergoing emergency surgery, one was suspected of having COVID-19. Of the 17 cases undergoing selective surgery, one was diagnosed definitely as COVID-19and 2 were suspected of COVID-19. Two nurses were diagnosed definitely as having mildCOVID-19.One doctor and one nurse were suspected of COVID-19. Since the COVID-19 infections in medical staff occurred all before the preventive and control measures for COVID-19 had been implemented,is was not ruled out that their infections might have come from communities. Conclusions It is particularly important for medical institutions of all levels to maintain safe and effective routine services while doing well in COVID-19 prevention. In the epidemic of COVID-19, front-line medical staff in emergency traumatic orthopedics is faced with great challenges in the process of diagnosing and treating patients. High-quality and safe medical services can be provided as long as nosocomial COVID-19infection is effectively controlled by rigid screening of patientsnewly admitted, classified management of inpatients, optimal management of inpatient wards, standard preventive measures in perioperative period, a perfect system for medical protection, and medical education for patients and their carers.","YANG, Yue; YU, Aixi; XIAO, Wenxia; SUN, Zhibo; LIU, Feng; WU, Fei","",2020," Narrative review; Infection prevention and control; Other related diseases and viruses","WHO",""
"419","Clinical research progresss of antiviral drugs for the novel coronavirus pneumonia","The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious and deadly virus that has infected more than 50 000 people and killed more than 1 000 people in 25 countries around the world. People who infected by the novel coronavirus may suffer from fever and cough, some may gradually appear breathing difficulties and other serious manifestations, some severe patients may have acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock leading to death. However, there are no definite and effective antiviral drugs for the novel coronavirus pneumonia all around the world. Therefore, this article aims to provide new idea for the effective treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia by summarizing the basic research and clinical progress of antiviral drugs at home and abroad.","WU, Weigang; YANG, Guilin; ZENG, Xiaobin; WU, Shipin; ZHOU, Boping","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"420","Understanding the Influence Factors in Viral Nucleic Acid Test of 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)","At present, the prevention and control of new coronavirus has entered a critical period. However, the use of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays for the detection of viral nucleic acid, as a crucial diagnostic approach, has been doubted in clinical practice. Herein, we have reviewed the current status of epidemic prevention and control, latest development of detection technologies, disease characteristics, clinical sampling and transport. We have also discussed the factors that may affect the performance of viral nucleic acid detection, and suggested some effective methods to improve the detection performance of the assays.","XI, Mo; WEI, Qin; QIHUA, Fu; MING, Guan","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"421","Difficulties and strategies of public hospitals in their participation in the prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia","Outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NC) across the country has seriously threatened people's lives and health, endangering smooth operation of the national economy and social stability. An all-out campaign to save the NCP patients and reduce their mortality is not only one of the key tasks to fight against the epidemic, but also a major responsibility and mission of public hospitals. In view of the field practice of Wuhan Union Hospital in the epicenter, the authors Described the challenges faced by such hospitals in the prevention and control, summarized its experiences and proposed improvement measures, for reference of other public hospitals and relevant authorities.","XU, Dong; HU, Yu; DING, Ning; XIA, Jiahong; ZHANG, Yidan; WEI, Li; ZHANG, Ming; WAN, Jie","",2020," Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"422","2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and 2019-nCoV pneumonia","In the middle of December in 2019, a pneumonia outbreak caused by a new coronavirus, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), emerged in the populations in Wuhan city of China. The epidemic spreads rapidly and has been disseminated throughout the country and to 13 other counties in Asia, Europe, Oceania and North America. To accurately and deeply understand the biological characteristics, epidemiological features and pathogenicity of 2019-nCoV and related immunological characteristics, microbiological examinations and public protection measure, this study reviewed 2019-nCoV and 2019-nCoV pneumonia based on the newest relevant literatures and the newest version of National Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme of 2019-nCoV pneumonia.","YAN, Jie; LI, Mingyuan; SUN, Aihua; PENG, Yihong","",2020," Narrative review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"423","Functional Cell Receptors for Human Coronavirus","Viruses infect host cells by binding to receptors on thesurface of cells. Receptor is an important factor affecting host range and interspecific transmission. In December 2019, an outbreak of unexplained pneumonia occurred in Wuhan, Hubei province. The pathogen was a new coronavirus, named 2019 NovelCoronavirus (2019-nCoV) by WHO. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was found to be the receptor of 2019-nCoV.This review provides a brief overview of human coronavirus receptors and their applications, with a view to providing references for the tracing, cross-species transmission, epidemiological analysis and antiviral and vaccine studies of 2019-nCoV.","YAN, Li; XIANG, Jie; CUI, Tianpen","",2020," Narrative review; Virology, immunology","WHO",""
"424","CT features of 2019-novel coronovirus pneumonia: SARS and MERS literature review and analysis of CT features of two confirmed 2019-novel coronavirus pneumonia cases","Objective To analyze the CT manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) combined with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) literature review, and to summarize the characteristics of CT imaging, so as to improve the ability of rapid and accurate diagnosis. Methods CT manifestations of two confirmed cases of NCP were reported, meanwhile the literatures on SARS and MERS imaging performance were reviewed and summarized. Results The two cases of NCP were both in acute stage, the CT imaging showed multiple and scattered ground-glass opacity (GGO) in both lungs, which is similar to the CT performance of SARS and MERS in acute stage. Conclusions The CT features of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia are similar to SARS and MERS. It has certain characteristics and changes rapidly with the course of the disease. In the acute stage, GGO and paving stone sign were the main manifestations. In the acute phase, GGO and crazy paving are the main manifestations. In the progress stage, the interlobular septal thickening and consolidation appeared. During the absorption period, the lesions disappeared or fibrosis was left behind, with lung structure distortion and bronchiectasis. Lymphadenopathy and hydrothorax were rare.","YANG, Changwei; FAN, Chenghui; CHENG, Ailan; LIU, Jing; ZHU, Chongwen; HU, Bo; WANG, Rongfang; QU, Lihong; CHU, Shuguang","",2020," Case study/series; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"425","The treatment proposal for the patients with breast diseases in the central epidemic area of 2019 coronavirus disease","Currently, the epidemic of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still ongoing. The characteristics including high contagiousness, herd susceptibility and clinical phenotype diversity, made a serious influence on people’s daily life and rountine therapy for other diseases. Breast dieases are clinical common diseases. In the central epidemic area of COVID-19, Hubei province, especially Wuhan, the clinical specialists of breast diseases should consider all of the following factors comprehensively: the prevention of COVID-19, the diagnosis and treatment of breast diseases and the accessibility of medical resources. Besides, we should select the appropriate therapy and optimize treatment process so as to prevent the propagation and cross infection of COVID-19 as well as manage the breast diseases without delay. Therefore, we carried out some management proposals of the patients with breast diseases in the central epidemic area during the epidemic of COVID-19 on the basis of conventional treatment guidelines and clinical experiences. The suggestions and corrections from colleagues will be welcomed.","ZHAO, Lu; ZHANG, Lin; LIU, Jinwen; YANG, Zhifang; SHEN, Wenzhuang; LI, Xingrui","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Other related diseases and viruses","WHO",""
"426","Coronavirus latest: death toll passes 2,000","Updates on the respiratory illness that has infected tens of thousands of people. Scientists are concerned about a new virus that has infected tens of thousands of people and killed more than 2,000. The virus, which emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December, is a coronavirus and belongs to the same family as the pathogen that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. It causes a respiratory illness called COVID-19, which can spread from person to person.","Nature","",2020," Opinion piece; Awaiting classification; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"427","Scientists question Chinas decision not to report symptom-free coronavirus cases","Researchers say that excluding these people could conceal the epidemics true extent, but others say the practice makes sense. Researchers are concerned that Chinas official reports on the number of coronavirus infections have not been including people who have tested positive for the virus but who have no symptoms. They fear the practice is masking the epidemics true scale. But public health experts say China is right to prioritize tracking sick patients who are spreading the disease.","Nature","",2020," Opinion piece; Awaiting classification; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"428","Novo Coronavirus (nCoV)","Os Coronavírus (CoV) compõem uma grande família de vírus, conhecidos desde meados da década de 1960. Podem causar desde um resfriado comum até síndromes respiratórias graves, como a síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) e a síndrome respiratória do Oriente Médio (MERS - Middle East Respiratory Syndrome). Os casos agora identificados estão relacionados a uma nova variante do Coronavírus, denominada 2019-nCoV, até então não identificada em humanos.","Rio de Janeiro . Secretaria de Estado de Saúde. Subsecretaria de Vigilância em, Saúde","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"429","Coronavirus latest: WHO officially names disease COVID-19","The World Health Organization has officially named the disease caused by the coronavirus COVID-19. This will replace various monikers and hashtags given to the emerging illness over the past few weeks. Most recently, on 8 February, Chinas National Health Commission decided to temporarily call the disease novel coronavirus pneumonia, or NCP. But because viruses continue to spread from animals to people, this coronavirus wont be novel for long.","Science","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"430","Scientist decries completely chaotic conditions on cruise ship Japan quarantined after viral outbreak | Science | AAAS","SHARE Share on facebook 80 Share on twitter Share on linkedin Share on reddit 3 Share on mailto A port security officer at the Diamond Princess in Yokohama, Japans port. Passengers who tested negative for the coronavirus began to leave the cruise ship today. EUGENE HOSHIKO/AP Scientist decries completely chaotic conditions on cruise ship Japan quarantined after viral outbreak By Dennis NormileFeb. 19, 2020 , 2:45 PM A Japanese infectious disease specialist has harshly criticized the way Japans government has handled the COVID-19 crisis aboard a luxury cruise ship docked in Yokohama. Conditions on board the Diamond Princess were violating all infection control principles and completely chaotic, the scientist, Kentaro Iwata of Kobe University, said in a YouTube video posted on Tuesday evening. His claims are inflaming an already intense debate over Japans handling of the crisis. Scientists have also faulted the slow release of epidemiological data about the ship that could help control efforts elsewhere.","Normile, Dennis","",2020," Opinion piece; Ethics, social science, economics; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"431","Host Factors Affecting Generation of Immunity Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Pregnant and Lactating Swine and Passive Protection of Neonates","Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly virulent re-emerging enteric coronavirus that causes acute diarrhea, dehydration, and up to 100% mortality in neonatal suckling piglets. Despite this, a safe and effective PEDV vaccine against highly virulent strains is unavailable, making PEDV prevention and control challenging. Lactogenic immunity induced via the gut-mammary gland-secretory IgA (sIgA) axis, remains the most promising and effective way to protect suckling piglets from PEDV. Therefore, a successful PEDV vaccine must induce protective maternal IgA antibodies that passively transfer into colostrum and milk. Identifying variables that influence lymphocyte migration and IgA secretion during gestation and lactation is imperative for designing maternal immunization strategies that generate the highest amount of lactogenic immune protection against PEDV in suckling piglets. Because pregnancy-associated immune alterations influence viral pathogenesis and adaptive immune responses in many different species, a better understanding of host immune responses to PEDV in pregnant swine may translate into improved maternal immunization strategies against enteric pathogens for multiple species. In this review, we discuss the role of host factors during pregnancy on antiviral immunity and their implications for generating protective lactogenic immunity in suckling neonates.","Langel, Stephanie N.; Wang, Qiuhong; Vlasova, Anastasia N.; Saif, Linda J.","",2020,"Other related diseases and viruses; Virology, immunology","WHO",""
"432","Rigidity of the Outer Shell Predicted by a Protein Intrinsic Disorder Model Sheds Light on the COVID-19 (Wuhan-2019-nCoV) Infectivity","The world is currently witnessing an outbreak of a new coronavirus spreading quickly across China and affecting at least 24 other countries. With almost 65,000 infected, a worldwide death toll of at least 1370 (as of 14 February 2020), and with the potential to affect up to two-thirds of the world population, COVID-19 is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a global health emergency. The speed of spread and infectivity of COVID-19 (also known as Wuhan-2019-nCoV) are dramatically exceeding those of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In fact, since September 2012, the WHO has been notified of 2494 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with MERS-CoV, whereas the 2002–2003 epidemic of SARS affected 26 countries and resulted in more than 8000 cases. Therefore, although SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 are all the result of coronaviral infections, the causes of the coronaviruses differ dramatically in their transmissibility. It is likely that these differences in infectivity of coronaviruses can be attributed to the differences in the rigidity of their shells which can be evaluated using computational tools for predicting intrinsic disorder predisposition of the corresponding viral proteins.","Goh, Gerard Kian-Meng; Dunker, A. Keith; Foster, James A.; Uversky, Vladimir N.","",2020,"Virology, immunology","WHO",""
"433","Scientists strongly condemn rumors and conspiracy theories about origin of coronavirus outbreak | Science | AAAS","A group of 27 prominent public health scientists from outside China is pushing back against a steady stream of stories and even a scientific paper suggesting a laboratory in Wuhan, China, may be the origin of the outbreak of COVID-19. The rapid, open, and transparent sharing of data on this outbreak is now being threatened by rumours and misinformation around its origins, the scientists, from nine countries, write in a statement published online by The Lancet yesterday","Cohen, Jon","",2020," Opinion piece; Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"434","Risk Assessment of Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreaks Outside China","We developed a computational tool to assess the risks of novel coronavirus outbreaks outside of China. We estimate the dependence of the risk of a major outbreak in a country from imported cases on key parameters such as: (i) the evolution of the cumulative number of cases in mainland China outside the closed areas; (ii) the connectivity of the destination country with China, including baseline travel frequencies, the effect of travel restrictions, and the efficacy of entry screening at destination; and (iii) the efficacy of control measures in the destination country (expressed by the local reproduction number R loc ). We found that in countries with low connectivity to China but with relatively high R loc , the most beneficial control measure to reduce the risk of outbreaks is a further reduction in their importation number either by entry screening or travel restrictions. Countries with high connectivity but low R loc benefit the most from policies that further reduce R loc . Countries in the middle should consider a combination of such policies. Risk assessments were illustrated for selected groups of countries from America, Asia, and Europe. We investigated how their risks depend on those parameters, and how the risk is increasing in time as the number of cases in China is growing.","Boldog, Péter; Tekeli, Tamás; Vizi, Zsolt; Dénes, Attila; Bartha, Ferenc A.; Röst, Gergely","",2020," Epidemiological study; Awaiting classification; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"435","Persons Evaluated for 2019 Novel Coronavirus United States, January 2020 | MMWR","Health care providers should remain vigilant about possible 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) exposures not only among returning travelers from China, but also among those in close contact with persons with 2019-nCoV in the United States.","Kristina L. Bajema, MD1, 2; Alexandra M. Oster, MD3; Olivia L. McGovern, PhD1, 2; Stephen Lindstrom, PhD4; Mark R. Stenger, MA5; Tara C. Anderson, DVM, PhD6; Cheryl Isenhour, DVM2; Kevin R. Clarke, MD7; Mary E. Evans, MD8; Victoria T. Chu, MD1, 4; Holly M. Biggs, MD4; Hannah L. Kirking, MD4; Susan I. Gerber, MD4; Aron J. Hall, DVM4; Alicia M. Fry, MD9; Sara E. Oliver, MD2; Team, -nCoV Persons Under Investigation","",2020," Opinion piece; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"436","Mission impossible? WHO director fights to prevent a pandemic without offending China | Science | AAAS","New outbreak comes as Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus struggles to raise more money, thwart Ebola, and fight health misinformation","Kupferschmidt, Kai","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"437","The prevention and control of a new coronavirus infection in department of stomatology","During a short period of time, the outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, named Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP), was first reported in China, spreading to 24 countries and regions rapidly. The number of confirmed cases and deaths continued to rise. World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Efficient infection control can prevent the virus from further spreading, which makes the epidemic situation under control. Due to the specialty of oral healthcare settings, the risk of cross infection is severe among patients and oral healthcare practitioners. It's more urgent to implement strict and efficient infection control protocols. This paper, based on existing guidelines and published researches pertinent to dental infection-control principles and practices, mainly discusses epidemiological characteristics of NCP and the features of nosocomial infection in oral healthcare settings, and furthermore provides recommendations on patient's evaluation, and infection control protocols in department of stomatology under current circumstance..","LI, Zhi yong; MENG, Liu yan","",2020,"Awaiting classification; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"438","History is repeating itself, a probable zoonotic spillover as a cause of an epidemic: the case of 2019 novel Coronavirus","Pathogen transmission from a vertebrate animal to a human, also known as zoonotic spillover, represents a global public health burden, which while associated with multiple outbreaks, still remains a poorly understood phenomenon. Coronaviruses, like influenza viruses, circulate in nature in various animal species. Alpha-coronaviruses and beta-coronaviruses can infect mammals and gamma-coronaviruses and delta-coronaviruses tend to infect birds, but some of them can also be transmitted to mammals. Although still preliminary, current data suggest that bats are the most probable initial source of the current 2019 novel CoV (2019nCoV) outbreak, that begun on December 2019 in Wuhan, China, apparently spreading from a ""wet market"" to multiple cities and provinces in China. This epidemic of 2019nCoV, already reaching more than 6,000 cases to-day (end of January 2020) (>90% in China), will not be the last one linked to zoonotic spillover events.","Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Balbin-Ramon, Graciela Josefina; Rabaan, Ali A.; Sah, Ranjit; Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto; Pagliano, Pasquale; Esposito, Silvano","",2020," Opinion piece; Reservoir","WHO",""
"439","Risk Management of COVID-19 by Universities in China Short-term Forecasts of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Guangdong and Zhejiang, China: February 1323, 2020","The rapid spread of new coronaviruses throughout China and the world in 2019–2020 has had a great impact on China’s economic and social development. As the backbone of Chinese society, Chinese universities have made significant contributions to emergency risk management. Such contributions have been made primarily in the following areas: alumni resource collection, medical rescue and emergency management, mental health maintenance, control of staff mobility, and innovation in online education models. Through the support of these methods, Chinese universities have played a positive role in the prevention and control of the epidemic situation. However, they also face the problems of alumni’s economic development difficulties, the risk of deadly infection to medical rescue teams and health workers, infection of teachers and students, and the unsatisfactory application of information technology in resolving the crisis. In response to these risks and emergency problems, we propose some corresponding solutions for public dissemination, including issues related to medical security, emergency research, professional assistance, positive communication, and hierarchical information-based teaching. The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread within and outside of China, despite several social distancing measures implemented by the Chinese government. Limited epidemiological data are available, and recent changes in case definition and reporting further complicate our understanding of the impact of the epidemic, particularly in the epidemic’s epicenter. Here we use previously validated phenomenological models to generate short-term forecasts of cumulative reported cases in Guangdong and Zhejiang, China. Using daily reported cumulative case data up until 13 February 2020 from the National Health Commission of China, we report 5- and 10-day ahead forecasts of cumulative case reports. Specifically, we generate forecasts using a generalized logistic growth model, the Richards growth model, and a sub-epidemic wave model, which have each been previously used to forecast outbreaks due to different infectious diseases. Forecasts from each of the models suggest the outbreaks may be nearing extinction in both Guangdong and Zhejiang; however, the sub-epidemic model predictions also include the potential for further sustained transmission, particularly in Zhejiang. Our 10-day forecasts across the three models predict an additional 65–81 cases (upper bounds: 169–507) in Guangdong and an additional 44–354 (upper bounds: 141–875) cases in Zhejiang by February 23, 2020. In the best-case scenario, current data suggest that transmission in both provinces is slowing down.","Wang, Chuanyi; Cheng, Zhe; Yue, Xiao-Guang; McAleer, Michael; Roosa, Kimberlyn; Lee, Yiseul; Luo, Ruiyan; Kirpich, Alexander; Rothenberg, Richard; Hyman, M. James; Yan, Ping; Chowell, Gerardo","10.3390/jrfm13020036 ERT - Y - EJOU 10.3390/jcm9020596",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Ethics, social science, economics; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"440","Protocolo para la atención de personas con sospechas o infección confirmada por Coronavirus (2019-nCoN)","El protocolo contiene definiciones de casos sospechosos, manejo de pacientes con sospecha de infección por Coronavirus, tratamiento específicos anti-Novel CoV e investigación clínica y las consideraciones especiales para pacientes embarazadas.","Perú. Ministerio de, Salud; Dirección General de Intervenciones Estratégicas en Salud, Pública","",2020," Normative guidance; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"441","Recommendations on the pediatric flexible bronchoscopy during the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in China (Trial Edition)","An outbreak of pneumonia caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)infection has spread to children.Due to its strong infectivity, people are generally susceptible, including children.The main source of infection is the SARS-CoV-2 infection patients, asymptomatic infection may also become the source of infection. Bronchoscopy is a high-risk operation since during the procedure, with children & prime's coughing and an open airway, a huge number of droplets and secretions are produced, which will contaminate the desktop, equipment and air, and even infect medical staff, other children and caregivers in close contact.For this reason, experts were specially organized to write recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric flexible bronchoscopy during the epidemic period of SARS-CoV-2 infection (trial version), establish indications and prevention and control plans of pediatric bronchoscopy during the epidemic period, and provide a basis for medical staff engaged in pediatric bronchoscopy.","","",2020," Opinion piece; Awaiting classification; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"442","Circular externa No 0000005 de 2020: Directrices para la detección temprana, el control y la atención ante la posible introducción del nuevo coronavirus (2019-nCoV) y la implementación de los planes de preparación y respuesta ante este riesgo","El Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social y el Instituto Nacional de Salud, en ejercicio de las facultades señaladas en los Decretos 4107 y 4109, ambos de 2.011, y en el marco del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional -RSI-2005, y ante la situación epidemiológica por el nuevo coronavirus (2019-nCoV), declarada como emergencia en salud pública de importancia internacional (ESPII) por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) el día 30 de enero del año en curso: imparten instrucciones sobre las acciones que los destinatarios de esta circular deben observar para la vigilancia activa, preparación y toma de medidas de contención para una eventual introducción del virus en el territorio nacional. The Ministry of Health and Social Protection and the National Institute of Health, in exercise of the powers indicated in Decrees 4107 and 4109, both of 2,011, and within the framework of the International Health Regulations -RSI-2005, and before the epidemiological situation by the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), declared as an emergency in public health of international importance (ESPII) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30 of this year: they give instructions on the actions that the recipients of This circular must observe for the active surveillance, preparation and taking of containment measures for an eventual introduction of the virus into the national territory.","Ministerio de Salud y protección, Social; Instituto Nacional de, Salud","",2020,"Awaiting classification; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"443","Lineamiento estandarizado para la Vigilancia Epidemiologica y por laboratorio de enfermedad por 2019-NCoV","Este documento describe la situación epidemiológica de la enfermedad por 2019-nCoV, los lineamientos para la detección y seguimiento de los casos, así como los aspectos de la toma, manejo y envío adecuado de las muestras y el control analítico disponible para la confirmación de los casos.","Mexico. Secretaria de Salud. Subsecretaria de Prevencion y Promoción de la Salud. Dirección General de, Epidemiologia","",2020," Narrative review; Opinion piece; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology","WHO",""
"444","Coronavirus 9-nCoV: recomendaciones para aeropuertos, puertos y pasos fronterizos","Ante la situación mundial, en relación a 2019-nCoV, que implica la posibilidad de ingreso a nuestro país de personas infectadas, se generaron las recomendaciones necesarias para la detección temprana y control de pacientes con posibilidad de presentar una enfermedad respiratoria aguda al ingreso a nuestro país. La principal estrategia es la detección temprana y control de los casos posibles. En los Aeropuertos, Puertos y Pasos Fronterizos se está realizando difusión masiva de información para viajeros en relación a 2019-nCoV, con el objetivo de generar conciencia acerca de la importancia de las medidas de prevención, los síntomas ante los cuales se debe solicitar atención y el teléfono de consulta ministerial sanitaria (0800-222-1002 - opción 1)","Argentina. Ministerio de, Salud","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"445","Economic Impacts of Wuhan 2019-nCoV on China and the World","Uncertainties over the Wuhan 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which has killed 1,017 people and sickened more than 43,100 as of Feb 11,(1) has interrupted global trade and supply chains, depressed asset prices, and forced multinational businesses to make hard decisions with limited information. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","Ayittey, Foster Kofi; Ayittey, Matthew Kormla; Chiwero, Nyasha Bennita; Kamasah, Japhet Senyo; Dzuvor, Christian","10.1002/jmv.25706",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"446","2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society","","Bao, Yanping; Sun, Yankun; Meng, Shiqiu; Shi, Jie; Lu, Lin","10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3",NA,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"447","Mysterious infections in China: Novel coronavirus identified as cause of pneumonia","","","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"448","The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak Update From NIAIDs Anthony Fauci, MD","In February 2020 the nature of the 2019-nCoV outbreak is still slowly coming into focus but it appears to be acting more like bad pandemic influenza (efficient spread, overall lower mortality) than like SARS (less efficient spread, overall higher mortality). Dr. Anthony Fauci of the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) discusses the latest developments with JAMA Editor Howard Bauchner.Coronavirus Resource Center","","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"449","Scientists are racing to model the next moves of a coronavirus that's still hard to predict | Science | AAAS","Beyond China itself, Thailand is the country that most likely will have people who arrive at one of its airports with an infection by the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that has sickened more than 30,000 people. So says the latest update of a global risk assessment model created by a team of researchers from the Humboldt University of Berlin and the Robert Koch Institute that relies on air travel data.","Cohen, Jon","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"450","The network investigation on knowledge, attitude and practice about Novel coronavirus pneumonia of the residents in Anhui Province","Objective: To analyze the current situation of the knowledge, attitudes and practice about Novelcoronavirus pneumonia (NCP) of the residents in Anhui Province. Methods: Anonymous network sampling survey was carried out with an electronic questionnaire that designed by the questionnaire star, and a total of 4016 subjects from Anhui province were investigated. The content of the survey includes that the basic information of subjects,the residents' knowledge, attitudes and practice about NCP, as well as their satisfaction with the prevention and control measures adopted by the government and health authorities and the suggestions on future prevention. The questionnaire doesn't involve any privacy information, and all questions were mandatory to ensure the response rate. Results: The M (P(25), P(75)) age the 4016 subjects was 21 (19, 24), and the ranging from 7 to 80 years old. The number of males was1431(35.6%). Social networking tools such as WeChat and QQ were the main sources of epidemic information for residents (97.8%, 3 929 respondents). Residents have a high awareness rate of the main symptoms, transmission routes, using of masks, hand washing and treatment information of NCP, while a low awareness rate of the atypical symptoms. 92.6% of the subjects (n=3 720) think that the outbreak was scary. In terms of psychological behavior scores, the results showed that female (9.38±4.81), the urban (9.37±5.02) and the medical workers (10.79±5.19) had a poorer mental health than the male (8.45±5.00) , the rural (8.71±4.75) and the non-medical workers (the students: 8.85±4.83; public institude workers: 9.02±5.08; others: 8.97±5.39) (P < 0.05). 71.9% of the residents (n=2 887)were satisfied with the local epidemic control measures. The residents took various of the measures to prevent and control the epidemic. The ratio of residents that could achieve ""no gathering and less going out"" , ""wear masks when going out"" and ""do not go to crowded and closed places"" was up to 97.4% (n=3 913), 93.6% (n=3758) and 91.5% (n=3 673) respectively. Conclusion: The residents in Anhui province have a good KAP about NCP, yet it is necessary to strengthen the community publicity, the mental health maintenance of residents and students' health education.","Chen, Y.; Jin, Y. L.; Zhu, L. J.; Fang, Z. M.; Wu, N.; Du, M. X.; Jiang, M. M.; Wang, J.; Yao, Y. S.","10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2020.0004",2020,"Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment; Epidemiology; Ethics, social science, economics; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"451","The disruption is enormous. Coronavirus epidemic snarls science worldwide | Science | AAAS","Normal daily life has come to a virtual standstill in large parts of China as a result of the epidemic of COVID-19and so has science. Universities across the country remain closed; access to labs is restricted, projects have been mothballed, field work interrupted, and travel severely curtailed. But scientists elsewhere in the world are noticing an impact as well, as collaborations with China are on pause and scientific meetings for the next five months have been canceled or postponed. The damage to science pales compared to the human suffering; the total number of cases has risen to 71,429, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported today, almost 99% of them in China, and there have been 1775 deaths. Still, for individual researchers the losses can be seriousand stressful. Basically, everything has completely stopped, says John Speakman, who runs an animal behavior lab at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Beijing that has effectively been shut since the Lunar New Year on 25 January. The disruption is enormous. The stress on the staff is really high. But Speakman says he understands why the Chinese government took the measures. Its annoying, but I completely support what they have done, he says.","Service, Robert F.","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"452","The possibility of using Lopinave/Litonawe (LPV/r) as treatment for novel coronavirus (2019-nCov)pneumonia: a quick systematic review based on earlier coronavirus clinical studies","<p><b>Objective</b>To explore the possibility of using Lopinave/Litonawe (LPV/r) as treatment for novel coronavirus 2019-nCov pneumonia by systematically review earlier coronavirus studies.</p><p><b>Methods </b>Systematically retrieve relevant clinical studies from Chinese and English databases such as CNKI,VIP,Wangfang Data,CBM,PubMed, Web of Science,EMBASE. In addition, information from Chinese biomedical journals, WHO, US CDC, Chinese CDC websites and the references from published relevant articles were retrieved. The inclusion period is from January 2003 to January 24, 2020. The criteria for inclusion are:(1) studies that aim to compare LPV/r and placebo/standard for SARS, MERS; (2) studies that include at least one clinical outcome; (3) studies with diagnosis criteria meeting WHO requirement on SARS or MERS; (4)data from multiple reports but originated from one study, where we extract information from all reports; (5)guidelines, includes: national or academic guidelines/experts ‘consensus. The exclude criteria are: 1) only have abstracts but no full information; 2) in vitro studies. Two reviewers independently review articles and extract data on study design, patients, diagnosis criteria, regimen, and clinical outcomes (mortality, morbidity, quality of life, steroids dosage, chest image and adverse responses). </p><p><b>Results</b>Two hundred and thirty potential article were found by screening, and narrow down to forty-four articles for evaluation and fnally four studies were included. The results of included studies indicate the early use of LPV/r regimen can reduce the mortality of SARS and MERS, and reduce steroids dosing. </p><p><b>Conclusions</b>ILPV/r can be used as a component of experimental regimen for treat 2019-nCoV pneumonia. It strongly suggests that initiating real world studies to explore the true clinical effects of LPV/r on 2019-nCoV patients.</p>","Jiang, Hua; Deng, Hongfei; Wang, YU; Liu, Zhan; Sun, Mingwei; Zhou, Ping; Xia, Qi; Lu, Charles Damien; Zeng, Jun","",2020," Systematic review; Clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment","WHO",""
"453","2019-nCoV: new challenges from coronavirus","The outbreak of pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, at the end of 2019 shaped tremendous challenges to China's public health and clinical treatment. The virus belongs to the β genus Coronavirus in the family Corornaviridae, and is closely related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, causing severe symptoms of pneumonia. The virus is transmitted through droplets, close contact, and other means, and patients in the incubation period could potentially transmit the virus to other persons. According to current observations, 2019-nCoV is weaker than SARS in pathogenesis, but has stronger transmission competence; it's mechanism of cross-species spread might be related with angiotensin-converting enzyme Ⅱ (ACE2), which is consistent with the receptor SARS-CoV. After the outbreak of this disease, Chinese scientists invested a lot of energy to carry out research by developing rapid diagnostic reagents, identifying the characters of the pathogen, screening out clinical drugs that may inhibit the virus, and are rapidly developing vaccines. The emergence of 2019-nCoV reminds us once again of the importance of establishing a systematic coronavirus surveillance network. It also poses new challenges to prevention and control of the emerging epidemic and rapidly responses on scientific research.","TIAN, Huai Yu","",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"454","Effects of misleading media coverage on public health crisis: a case of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China","ABSTRACTThe coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China has sparked a global epidemic, which the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern on 31st January 2020 (Beijing time). This crisis has attracted intense media attention. Recently, some media outlets inappropriately labelled the coronavirus by race, using such headlines as ?Chinese virus pandemonium? and even suggesting ?China kids stay home.? The biased and misleading coverage presented via Western media channels has incited anger throughout the Chinese community and has placed undue stress upon Chinese individuals living outside China. This post-published review takes a tourism-focused perspective to examine findings from a quantitative study (Rodriguez-Seijas, Stohl, Hasin, & Eaton, 2015) published in 2015 in JAMA Psychiatry. The current paper highlights the potential impacts of misleading and biased media coverage on Chinese individuals? mental health. Specifically, this work considers perceived racial discrimination stemming from coronavirus as a public health crisis and the effects of such discrimination on individuals of Chinese heritage. Similarly imperative are pertinent effects on country image and destination image with respect to tourism marketing and tourist behaviour during times of crisis. By considering racism in the context of the coronavirus outbreak, this paper identifies potential avenues for relevant research in tourism and hospitality.","Wen, Jun; Aston, Joshua; Liu, Xinyi; Ying, Tianyu","10.1080/13032917.2020.1730621",2020," Opinion piece; Ethics, social science, economics","WHO",""
"455","Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: mental health consequences and target populations","","Shigemura, Jun; Ursano, Robert J.; Morganstein, Joshua C.; Kurosawa, Mie; Benedek, David M.","10.1111/pcn.12988",2020," Opinion piece","WHO",""
"456","Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak","","Liu, Shuai; Yang, Lulu; Zhang, Chenxi; Xiang, Yu-Tao; Liu, Zhongchun; Hu, Shaohua; Zhang, Bin","10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8",NA,"","WHO",""
"457","COVID-19 Update From China","By mid-February 2020 there were 60,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19, the vast majority diagnosed in Hubei Province (including Wuhan city) in mainland China. China CDC Chief Epidemiologist Zunyou Wu, MD, PhD discusses the latest COVID-19 developments in the country with JAMA Editor in Chief Howard Bauchner, MD.","JAMA","",2020,"","WHO",""
"458","Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China","Previous studies suggest that COVID-19 is more likely to infect older adult men, particularly those with chronic comorbidities.2-4 Few infections in children have been reported. We identified all infected infants in China and described demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical features.","Wei, Min Yuan, Jingping Liu,Yu Fu,Tao Yu,Xue Zhang,Zhi-Jiang","",2020,"","WHO",""
"459","Recommendations for general surgery clinical practice in novel coronavirus pneumonia situation","Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is a highly infectious disease, has a long incubation period and a variety of clinical manifestations, which has a significant impact on public health and life. Afterwards, scientific and standardized work processing during the epidemic is of great significance for prevention and control. In order to implement the central government's decision-making deployment and defeat the NCP as soon as possible, we had focused on the key points in the clinical work of general surgery according to latest relevant guidelines, literature and experience in epidemic prevention. Finally, we drafted the prevention and control strategies and recommendations to make a reference for medical staff of general surgery to fight NCP.","TAO, Kai xiong; ZHANG, Bi xiang; ZHANG, Peng; ZHU, Peng; WANG, Guo bin; CHEN, Xiao ping","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"460","Manual de bioseguridad para prestadores de servicios de salud que brinden atención en salud ante la eventual introducción del nuevo coronavirus (nCoV-2019) a Colombia","Objetivo: Orientar a los Prestadores de Servicios de Salud del país sobre las normas de bioseguridad que se requieren implementar, frente a casos sospechosos o confirmados del nuevo coronavirus (nCoV-2019), con el fin de disminuir el riesgo de transmisión del virus de humano a humano durante la atención. En salud, evitando la presentación de casos en trabajadores de la salud, demás personal que labore en el ámbito de atención, y en otros pacientes que se encuentren en las instalaciones del prestador de servicios de salud. Objective: To provide guidance to the country's health service providers on the biosecurity standards that need to be implemented for suspected or confirmed cases of the new coronavirus (nCoV-2019), in order to reduce the risk of human-to-human transmission of the virus during care. In health, avoiding the presentation of cases in health workers, other personnel working in the care setting, and other patients in the health service provider's facilities.","Ministerio de Salud y Protección, Social","",2020,"","WHO",""
"461","Lineamientos para la detección y manejo de casos por los prestadores de servicios de salud, frente a la eventual introducción del nuevo coronavirus (2019-ncov) a Colombia","Propósito: orientar a los Prestadores de Servicios de Salud del país para la detección, atención y manejo de casos sospechosos de infección causada por el nuevo Coronavirus (nCoV-2019) para disminuir el riesgo de transmisión del virus de humano a humano. Purpose: to guide the country's health care providers in the detection, care, and management of suspected cases of infection caused by the new Coronavirus (nCoV-2019) in order to reduce the risk of human-to-human transmission of the virus.","Ministerio de Salud y Protección, Social","",2020,"","WHO",""
"462","Perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of 2019 novel coronavirus infection (1st Edition)","Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has been prevalent in China. Due to immaturity of immune function and the possibility of mother-fetal vertical transmission, neonates are particularly susceptible to 2019-nCoV. The perinatal-neonatal departments should cooperate closely and take integrated approaches, and the neonatal intensive care unit should prepare the emergency plan for 2019-nCoV infection as far as possible, so as to ensure the optimal management and treatment of potential victims. According to the latest 2019-nCoV national management plan and the actual situation, the Working Group for the Prevention and Control of Neonatal 2019-nCoV Infection in the Perinatal Period of the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics puts forward recommendations for the prevention and control of 2019-nCoV infection in neonates.","Working Group for the, Prevention; Control of Neonatal -nCo, V. Infection in the Perinatal Period of the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","",2020,"","WHO",""
"463","History is repeating itself: Probable zoonotic spillover as the cause of the 2019 novel coronavirus epidemic","","Rodriguez-Morales, A. J.; Bonilla-Aldana, D. K.; Balbin-Ramon, G. J.; Rabaan, A. A.; Sah, R.; Paniz-Mondolfi, A.; Pagliano, P.; Esposito, S.","",2020,"","WHO",""
"464","Coronavirus latest: Scientists clash over virus name","Some researchers in China are unhappy with the designated name for the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. They worry that the use of SARS-CoV will confuse the public and impede efforts to control the pathogens spread.","Nature","",2020,"","WHO",""
"465","2019-novel coronavirus infection in a three-month-old baby","","Zhang, Yuehua; Lin, Zhang; Xiao, Meifang; Wang, Jiachong; Wei, Yong; Lei, Zhixian; Zeng, Zhenqiong; Li, Ling; Li, Hongai; Xiang, Wei","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"466","First case of severe childhood novel coronavirus pneumonia in China","","CHEN, Feng; LIU, Zhi sheng; ZHANG, Fu rong; XIONG, Rui hua; CHEN, Yang; CHENG, X Feng; WANG, Wen yong; REN, Jie","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"467","Risk Management of COVID-19 by Universities in China","The rapid spread of new coronaviruses throughout China and the world in 2019–2020 has had a great impact on China’s economic and social development. As the backbone of Chinese society, Chinese universities have made significant contributions to emergency risk management. Such contributions have been made primarily in the following areas: alumni resource collection, medical rescue and emergency management, mental health maintenance, control of staff mobility, and innovation in online education models. Through the support of these methods, Chinese universities have played a positive role in the prevention and control of the epidemic situation. However, they also face the problems of alumni’s economic development difficulties, the risk of deadly infection to medical rescue teams and health workers, infection of teachers and students, and the unsatisfactory application of information technology in resolving the crisis. In response to these risks and emergency problems, we propose some corresponding solutions for public dissemination, including issues related to medical security, emergency research, professional assistance, positive communication, and hierarchical information-based teaching.","Wang, Chuanyi; Cheng, Zhe; Yue, Xiao-Guang; McAleer, Michael","",2020," Opinion piece; Ethics, social science, economics; Infection prevention and control","WHO",""
"468","Novo coronavirus (2019 nCov) Medidas de prevenção e controle de infecção a serem adotadas na ssistência à saúde","","São Paulo Secretaria da, Saúde","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"469","Protocolo para la atención de personas con sospechas o infección confirmada por Coronavirus (2019-nCoN)[Spanish]","El protocolo contiene definiciones de casos sospechosos, manejo de pacientes con sospecha de infección por Coronavirus, tratamiento específicos anti-Novel CoV e investigación clínica y las consideraciones especiales para pacientes embarazadas.","Perú. Ministerio de, Salud; Dirección General de Intervenciones Estratégicas en Salud, Pública","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"470","The Fight against the 2019-nCoV Outbreak: an Arduous March Has Just Begun","<![CDATA[No abstract available.]]>","YOO, Jin Hong","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"471","Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan","A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome from a patient with 2019-nCoV infection and compared it with other related coronavirus genomes. Overall, the genome of 2019-nCoV has 89% nucleotide identity with bat SARS-like-CoVZXC21 and 82% with that of human SARS-CoV. The phylogenetic trees of their orf1a/b, Spike, Envelope, Membrane and Nucleoprotein also clustered closely with those of the bat, civet and human SARS coronaviruses. However, the external subdomain of Spike's receptor binding domain of 2019-nCoV shares only 40% amino acid identity with other SARS-related coronaviruses. Remarkably, its orf3b encodes a completely novel short protein. Furthermore, its new orf8 likely encodes a secreted protein with an alpha-helix, following with a beta-sheet(s) containing six strands. Learning from the roles of civet in SARS and camel in MERS, hunting for the animal source of 2019-nCoV and its more ancestral virus would be important for understanding the origin and evolution of this novel lineage B betacoronavirus. These findings provide the basis for starting further studies on the pathogenesis, and optimizing the design of diagnostic, antiviral and vaccination strategies for this emerging infection. FAU - Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo","Chan, J. F. Auid-Orcid https orcid org; Kok, K. H. Auid-Orcid https orcid org X.; Zhu, Z.; Chu, H.; To, K. K.; Yuan, S.; Yuen, K. Y.","",NA,"","WHO",""
"472","Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak","Infections with 2019-nCoV can spread from person to person, and in the earliest phase of the outbreak the basic reproductive number was estimated to be around 2.2, assuming a mean serial interval of 7.5 days [2]. The serial interval was not precisely estimated, and a potentially shorter mean serial interval would have corresponded to a slightly lower basic reproductive number. Control measures and changes in population behaviour later in January should have reduced the effective reproductive number. However, it is too early to estimate whether the effective reproductive number has been reduced to below the critical threshold of 1 because cases currently being detected and reported would have mostly been infected in mid- to late-January. Average delays between infection and illness onset have been estimated at around 56 days, with an upper limit of around 11-14 days [2,5], and delays from illness onset to laboratory confirmation added a further 10 days on average [2].","Cowling, Benjamin J; Leung, Gabriel M","",NA,"","WHO",""
"473","Measuring multimorbidity beyond counting diseases: systematic review of community and population studies and guide to index choice","Objectives To identify and summarise existing indices for measuring multimorbidity beyond disease counts, to establish which indices include mental health comorbidities or outcomes, and to develop recommendations based on applicability, performance, and usage.Design Systematic review.Data sources Seven medical research databases (Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus) from inception to October 2018 and bibliographies and citations of relevant papers. Searches were limited to English language publications.Eligibility criteria for study selection Original articles describing a new multimorbidity index including more information than disease counts and not focusing on comorbidity associated with one specific disease. Studies were of adults based in the community or at population level.Results Among 7128 search results, 5560 unique titles were identified. After screening against eligibility criteria the review finally included 35 papers. As index components, 25 indices used conditions (weighted or in combination with other parameters), five used diagnostic categories, four used drug use, and one used physiological measures. Predicted outcomes included mortality (18 indices), healthcare use or costs (13), hospital admission (13), and health related quality of life (7). 29 indices considered some aspect of mental health, with most including it as a comorbidity. 12 indices are recommended for use.Conclusions 35 multimorbidity indices are available, with differing components and outcomes. Researchers and clinicians should examine existing indices for suitability before creating new ones.Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42017074211.","Stirland, Lucy E.; González-Saavedra, Laura; Mullin, Donncha S.; Ritchie, Craig W.; Muniz-Terrera, Graciela; Russ, Tom C.","10.1136/bmj.m160",2020,"","WHO",""
"474","Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of COVID-19 Infection in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Infected Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR","Since mid-December of 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been spreading from Wuhan, China. The confirmed COVID-19 patients in South Korea are those who came from or visited China. As secondary transmissions have occurred and the speed of transmission is accelerating, there are rising concerns about community infections. The 54-year old male is the third patient diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in Korea. He is a worker for a clothing business and had mild respiratory symptoms and intermittent fever in the beginning of hospitalization, and pneumonia symptoms on chest computerized tomography scan on day 6 of admission. This patient caused one case of secondary transmission and three cases of tertiary transmission. Hereby, we report the clinical findings of the index patient who was the first to cause tertiary transmission outside China. Interestingly, after lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra, AbbVie) was administered, ß-coronavirus viral loads significantly decreased and no or little coronavirus titers were observed.","Lim, Jaegyun; Jeon, Seunghyun; Shin, Hyun Young; Kim, Moon Jung; Seong, Yu Min; Lee, Wang Jun; Choe, Kang Won; Kang, Yu Min; Lee, Baeckseung; Park, Sang Joon","",2020,"","WHO",""
"475","Recommendation for the diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus infection in children in Hubei (Trial version 1)","Since December 2019, a cluster of patients have been diagnosed to be infected with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. The epidemic has been spreading to other areas of the country and abroad. A few cases have progressed rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome and/or multiple organ function failure. The epidemiological survey has indicated that the general population is susceptible to 2019-nCoV. A total of 14 children (6 months to 14 years of age, including 5 cases in Wuhan) have been confirmed to be infected with 2019-nCoV in China so far. In order to further standardize and enhance the clinical management of 2019-nCoV infection in children, reduce the incidence, and decrease the number of severe cases, we have formulated this diagnosis and treatment recommendation according to the recent information at home and abroad.","Pediatric Branch of Hubei Medical, Association; Pediatric Branch of Wuhan Medical, Association; Pediatric Medical Quality Control Center of, Hubei","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"476","Emergency response plan for the neonatal intensive care unit during epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus","2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has been spreading in China since December 2019. Neonates are presumably the high-risk population susceptible to 2019-nCoV due to immature immune function. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) should be prepared for 2019-nCoV infections as far as possible. The emergency response plan enables the efficient response capability of NICU. During the epidemic of 2019-nCoV, the emergency response plan for the NICU should be based on the actual situation, including diagnosis, isolation, and treatment, as well as available equipment and staffing, and take into account the psychosocial needs of the families and neonatal care staff.","Pediatric Committee, Medical Association of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary, Pediatrics","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"477","Management plan for prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia among children in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University","Since December 2019, an epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has occurred in China. How to effectively prevent and control NCP among children with limited resources is an urgent issue to be explored. Under the unified arrangement of the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, the Department of Pediatrics has formulated an action plan with Xiangya unique model to prevent and control NCP among children according to the current epidemic situation and diagnostic and therapeutic program in China.","Peng, Jing; Wang, Xia; Yang, Ming-Hua; Wang, Ming-Jie; Zheng, Xiang-Rong","",2020,"Awaiting classification","WHO",""
"478","Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed","The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia, believed to have originated in a wet market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China at the end of 2019, has gained intense attention nationwide and globally. To lower the risk of further disease transmission, the authority in Wuhan suspended public transport indefinitely from Jan 23, 2020; similar measures were adopted soon in many other cities in China. As of Jan 25, 2020, 30 Chinese provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions covering over 1·3 billion people have initiated first-level responses to major public health emergencies. A range of measures has been urgently adopted,1,2 such as early identification and isolation of suspected and diagnosed cases, contact tracing and monitoring, collection of clinical data and biological samples from patients, dissemination of regional and national diagnostic criteria and expert treatment consensus, establishment of isolation units and hospitals, and prompt provision of medical supplies and external expert teams to Hubei province. The emergence of the 2019-nCoV pneumonia has parallels with the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which was caused by another coronavirus that killed 349 of 5327 patients with confirmed infection in China.3 Although the diseases have different clinical presentations, the infectious cause, epidemiological features, fast transmission pattern, and insufficient preparedness of health authorities to address the outbreaks are similar. So far, mental health care for the patients and health professionals directly affected by the 2019-nCoV epidemic has been under-addressed, although the National Health Commission of China released the notification of basic principles for emergency psychological crisis interventions for the 2019-nCoV pneumonia on Jan 26, 2020. This notification contained a reference to mental health problems and interventions that occurred during the 2003 SARS outbreak, and mentioned that mental health care should be provided for patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonitis, close contacts, suspected cases who are isolated at home, patients in fever clinics, families and friends of affected people, health professionals caring for infected patients, and the public who are in need. To date, epidemiological data on the mental health problems and psychiatric morbidity of those suspected or diagnosed with the 2019-nCoV and their treating health professionals have not been available; therefore how best to respond to challenges during the outbreak is unknown. The observations of mental health consequences and measures taken during the 2003 SARS outbreak could help inform health authorities and the public to provide mental health interventions to those who are in need.","Xiang, Yu-Tao; Yang, Yuan; Li, Wen; Zhang, Ling; Zhang, Qinge; Cheung, Teris; Ng, Chee H.","10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8",NA,"","WHO",""
"479","Wuhan 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: A Case Report of Serial Computed Tomographic Findings in a Female Patient (Preprint)","UNSTRUCTURED Background: From December 2019, the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia broke out in Wuhan, China. In this study, we present the finding of serial computed tomography in a female patient with 2019-nCoV. Case presentation: We report a 40-year-old female who presented with the symptoms of fever, chest tightness, and fatigue. She was further diagnosed with 2019-nCoV confirmed by rRT-PCR. In terms of her chest CT findings, patchy consolidation shadows, and ground-glass opacities (GGOs) rapidly progressed in both lungs, peripherally. After treatment, the previous lesions were almost absorbed, leaving the fibrous lesions. Conclusions: If there is a history of fever or contact with the epidemic area, combined with the above CT findings, it is necessary to detect the nucleic acid of new coronavirus in time.","Wei, Jiangping; Xu, Huaxiang; Xiong, Jingliang; Shen, Qinglin; Fan, Bing; Ye, Chenglong; Dong, Wentao; Hu, Fangfang","",NA,"","WHO",""
"480","The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus","The severe situation is causing mental health problems such as stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, denial, anger, and fear. These mental health problems not only affect the medical workers' attention, understanding, and decision making ability, which might hinder the fight against 2019-nCoV, but could also have a lasting effect on their overall wellbeing. Protecting the mental health of these medical workers is thus important for control of the epidemic and their own long-term health. The local government of Wuhan has implemented policies to address these mental health problems. Medical staff infected with 2019-nCoV while at work will be identified as having work-related injuries.As of Jan 25, 2020, 1230 medical workers have been sent from other provinces to Wuhan to care for patients who are infected and those with suspected infection, strengthen logistics support, and help reduce the pressure on health-care personnel.Most general hospitals in Wuhan have established a shift system to allow front-line medical workers to rest and to take turns in high-pressured roles. Online platforms with medical advice have been provided to share information on how to decrease the risk of transmission between the patients in medical settings, which aims to eventually reduce the pressure on medical workers.","Kang, Lijun; Li, Yi; Hu, Shaohua; Chen, Min; Yang, Can; Yang, Bing Xiang; Wang, Ying; Hu, Jianbo; Lai, Jianbo; Ma, Xiancang; Chen, Jun; Guan, Lili; Wang, Gaohua; Ma, Hong; Liu, Zhongchun","10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X",NA,"","WHO",""
"481","Early Transmissibility Assessment of a Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China","Between December 1, 2019 and January 26, 2020, nearly 3000 cases of respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China have been reported. In this short analysis, we combine publicly available cumulative case data from the ongoing outbreak with phenomenological modeling methods to conduct an early transmissibility assessment. Our model suggests that the basic reproduction number associated with the outbreak (at time of writing) may range from 2.0 to 3.1. Though these estimates are preliminary and subject to change, they are consistent with previous findings regarding the transmissibility of the related SARS-Coronavirus and indicate the possibility of epidemic potential.","Majumder, Maimuna and Mandl, Kenneth D.","",NA,"","WHO",""
"482","Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 99 Cases of 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia in Wuhan, China","","Chen, Nanshan and Zhou, Min and Dong, Xuan and Qu, Jieming and Gong, Fengyun and Han, Yang and Qiu, Yang and Wang, Jingli and Liu, Ying and Wei, Yuan and Xia, Jia'an and Yu, Ting and Zhang, Xinxin and Zhang, Li,","",NA,"","WHO",""
"483","Labs scramble to spot hidden coronavirus infections | Science | AAAS","The seeming precision of the global tallies of cases and deaths caused by the novel coronavirus now spreading from Wuhan, China belies an alarming fact. The world is in the dark about the epidemics real scale and speed, because existing tests have limited powersand testing is far too spotty. We are underestimating how common this infection is, cautions Jeremy Farrar, head of the Wellcome Trust. Within days of Chinese researchers releasing the sequence of the virus on 11 January, scientists developed tests capable of detecting genetic sequences that distinguish the new agent from other coronaviruses circulating in humans. By 28 January, Chinas National Medical Products Administration had approved diagnostic test kits from five companies. It was an astonishing pace for the response to a pathogen never seen beforeand yet it was only a beginning.","Cohen, Jon; Kupferschmidt; Kai","",2020,"","WHO",""
"484","Acciones en promoción de la salud, prevención y atención de la Infección Respiratoria Aguda - IRA- ante alerta internacional por Nuevo Coronavirus 2019-nCoV","La Organización Mundial de Salud (OMS) informó la ocurrencia de casos de Infección Respiratoria Aguda Grave (IRAG) causada por un nuevo coronavirus (2019-nCoV) en Wuhan (China), desde la última semana de diciembre de 2019. Los primeros casos se presentaron en personas que estuvieron en un mercado de pescado y animales silvestres de Wuhan, no obstante, se han confirmado casos en personas que estuvieron en esta y otras zonas de China y en 20 países de 4 continentes. El 30 enero del 2020 la OMS declara emergencia de salud pública de importancia internacional (ESPII). The World Health Organization (WHO) reported the occurrence of cases of Acute Respiratory Infection Severe (IRAG) caused by a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China, since last week December 2019. The first cases involved people who were in a fish and wildlife in Wuhan, however, cases have been confirmed in people who were in this and other areas of China and in 20 countries on 4 continents. On 30 January 2020 the WHO declares a public health emergency of international concern (ESPII).","Colombia. Ministerio de Salud y Protección, Social","",2020,"","WHO",""
"485","Orientaciones a puntos de entrada al país para el tamizaje de viajeros que vienen de zonas con circulación del nuevo coronavirus (2019-nCoV)","El presente documento define lineamientos para realizar el tamizaje de los viajeros internacionales que ingresan al país; inicia con la identificación de viajeros por personal de Migración Colombia que son derivados para entrevista; continúa con la clasificación de potencial caso sospechoso y finaliza con la activación del plan de contingencias y emergencias del aeropuerto. This document defines guidelines for screening international travelers entering the country; it begins with the identification of travelers by Colombian Immigration personnel who are referred to interview; it continues with the classification of potential suspect case and ends with the activation of the airport's contingency and emergency plan.","Colombia. Ministerio de Salud y Protección, Social","",2020,"","WHO",""
"486","A bit chaotic. Christening of new coronavirus and its disease name create confusion | Science | AAAS","COVID-19. Ill spell it: C-O-V-I-D hyphen one nine. COVID-19. Thats how Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, head of the World Health Organization (WHO), introduced the agencys official name for the new disease thats paralyzing China and threatening the rest of the world. The christening yesterday, at one of WHOs now daily outbreak press conferences in Geneva, ended 6 weeks of uncertainty about what the disease would be calledbut it also created some new confusion. COVID-19 is a name for the disease, not for the virus that causes it, which until now had a temporary moniker, 2019-nCoV, signifying it was a novel coronavirus that emerged last year. But the pathogen also got a new designation, which arrived before Tedros had even finished his press conference, by way of a preprint posted on bioRxiv by the body charged with classifying and naming viruses. The Coronavirus Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the paper noted, had decided to call the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2.","Enserink, Martin","",2020,"","WHO",""
"487","[Expert consensus on the management strategy of patients with hereditary ataxia during prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic].","Since December 2019, a series of highly infectious cases of unexplained pneumonia have been discovered in Wuhan, Hubei Province, which have been confirmed as '2019 corona virus disease' caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 virus can invade many human systems including the lungs. Patients with central nervous system involvement may show a series of neurological symptoms, which is easy to be misdiagnosed and neglected, thereby increasing the risk of SA","Specialized Committee Of Neurogenetics Neurophysician Branch Of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Jiang, Tang","10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2020.04.001",20200330,NA,"PubMed",""
"488","A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations.","The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic emerged in Wuhan, China, spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020. The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people's lives. It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems, such as panic disorder, anxiety and depression. This study is the first nationwide large-scale surv","Qiu, Shen, Zhao, Wang, Xie, Xu","10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213",20200329,"anxiety; depression; disease notification; panic disorder; psychological trauma","PubMed",""
"489","Public Mental Health Crisis during COVID-19 Pandemic, China.","The 2019 novel coronavirus disease emerged in China in late 2019-early 2020 and spread rapidly. China has been implementing emergency psychological crisis interventions to reduce the negative psychosocial impact on public mental health, but challenges exist. Public mental health interventions should be formally integrated into public health preparedness and emergency response plans.","Dong, Bouey","10.3201/eid2607.200407",20200323,"2019 novel coronavirus disease; COVID-19; China; SARS-CoV-2; mental health; preparedness; public health emergency; respiratory infections; response; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; viruses; zoonoses","PubMed",""
"490","Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019.","Health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be psychologically stressed. To assess the magnitude of mental health outcomes and associated factors among health care workers treating patients exposed to COVID-19 in China. This cross-sectional, survey-based, region-stratified study collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 1257 health care workers in 34 hospitals from January 29, 2020, to February 3, 2020, in China. Health care workers in hospitals ","Lai, Ma, Wang, Cai, Hu, Wei, Wu, Du, Chen, Li, Tan, Kang, Yao, Huang, Wang, Wang, Liu, Hu","10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976",20200330,NA,"PubMed",""
"491","Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic.",NA,"Ho, Chee, Ho","",20200324,"Adaptation, Psychological; Communication; Coronavirus Infections; Epidemics; Fear; Health Personnel; Humans; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Panic; Pneumonia, Viral; Risk Assessment","PubMed",""
"492","Mental health care for international Chinese students affected by the COVID-19 outbreak.",NA,"Zhai, Du","10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30089-4",20200325,"Adolescent; Adult; China; Coronavirus Infections; Counseling; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Internationality; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Patient Advocacy; Pneumonia, Viral; Social Discrimination; Social Isolation; Students; Travel; Triage; Young Adult","PubMed",""
"493","Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic.",NA,"Yao, Chen, Xu","10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30090-0",20200325,"Access to Information; China; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Health Services Accessibility; Health Status Disparities; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Humans; Inpatients; Mental Disorders; Mental Health Services; Pneumonia, Viral; Social Stigma; Vulnerable Populations","PubMed",""
"494","The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease).","A novel form of Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan has created a confused and rapidly evolving situation. In this situational framework, patients and front-line healthcare workers are vulnerable. Studies were identified using large-circulation international journals found in two electronic databases: Scopus and Embase. Populations of patients that may require tailored interventions are older adults and international migrant workers. Older adults with psychiatric conditions may be experiencing furt","Lima, Carvalho, Lima, Nunes, Saraiva, de Souza, da Silva, Neto","10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915",20200326,"Coronavirus (2019-nCoV); Emergencies; Mental health; Psychological problems","PubMed",""
"495","Response of Chinese Anesthesiologists to the COVID-19 Outbreak.","The coronavirus disease 2019, named COVID-19 officially by the World Health Organization (Geneva, Switzerland) on February 12, 2020, has spread at unprecedented speed. After the first outbreak in Wuhan, China, Chinese anesthesiologists encountered increasing numbers of infected patients since December 2019. Because the main route of transmission is via respiratory droplets and close contact, anesthesia providers are at a high risk when responding to the devastating mass emergency. So far, action","Zhang, Bo, Lin, Li, Sun, Lin, Xu, Bian, Yao, Chen, Meng, Deng","10.1097/ALN.0000000000003300",20200320,NA,"PubMed",""
"496","Tabletop exercise to prepare institutions of higher education for an outbreak of COVID-19.","Preparing for public health emergencies is an ongoing process and involves a variety of approaches and tools. Tabletop exercises are one of the tools designed to simulate the emergence of a public health emergency and address some or all of the phases of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.1 They typically are designed to include participation of stakeholders from diverse and complementary backgrounds, including command, operations, logistics, planning, and fin","Wendelboe, Miller, Drevets, Salinas, Miller, Jackson, Chou, Raines","10.5055/jem.2020.0463",20200323,"Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Disaster Planning; Disease Outbreaks; Emergencies; Humans; Pneumonia, Viral; Universities","PubMed",""
"497","Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China.","Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stag","Wang, Pan, Wan, Tan, Xu, Ho, Ho","10.3390/ijerph17051729",20200318,"anxiety; coronavirus; depression; epidemic; knowledge; precaution; psychological impact; respiratory symptoms; stress; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Child; China; Coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Disease Outbreaks; Epidemics; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Viral; Resilience, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult","PubMed",""
"498","The coronavirus 2019-nCoV epidemic: Is hindsight 20/20?",NA,"Malta, Rimoin, Strathdee","10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100289",20200320,NA,"PubMed",""
"499","Psychological crisis intervention during the outbreak period of new coronavirus pneumonia from experience in Shanghai.","Since the middle of December 2019, human-to-human transmission of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has occurred among close contacts. At the same time, greater attention should be paid to psychological crisis intervention (PCI) among affected populations, for the timely prevention of inestimable damage from a secondary psychological crisis. PCI has been initiated via remote (telephone and internet) and onsite medical services to help medical workers, patients, and others affected to overcome an","Jiang, Deng, Zhu, Ji, Tao, Liu, Yang, Ji","10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112903",20200324,"Crisis intervention; New coronavirus pneumonia","PubMed",""
"500","Influence of trust on two different risk perceptions as an affective and cognitive dimension during Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea: serial cross-sectional surveys.","This study aimed to assess the affective and cognitive risk perceptions in the general population of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) during the 2015 MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea and the influencing factors. Serial cross-sectional design with four consecutive surveys. Nationwide general population in South Korea. Overall 4010 respondents (aged 19 years and over) from the general population during the MERS-CoV epidemic were included. The main outcome measures were (1","Jang, Kim, Jang, Jung, Cho, Eun, Lee","10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033026",20200322,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; epidemics; risk and perception; surveys","PubMed",""
"501","[Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of lung cancer patients during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)].","With the increasing number of cases and widening geographical spread, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been classified as one of the class B infectious diseases but prevented and controlled as class A infectious disease by the National Health Commission of China. The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer patients have been challenged greatly because of extraordinary public health measures since the lung cancer patients are a high-risk population during the COVID-19 outbreak per","Yang, Xu, Wang","10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200229-00152",20200302,"COVID-19; Diagnostic and therapeutic strategy; Lung neoplasm","PubMed",""
"502","The Risk and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Infections Among Inpatients in Psychiatric Hospitals.",NA,"Zhu, Chen, Ji, Xi, Fang, Li","10.1007/s12264-020-00476-9",20200319,"Adaptation, Psychological; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Humans; Inpatients; Pneumonia, Viral; Risk Factors","PubMed",""
"503","Mental Health Care Measures in Response to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in Korea.",NA,"Park, Park","10.30773/pi.2020.0058",20200308,NA,"PubMed",""
"504","[Psychological intervention in oral patients in novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak period].","Public health emergencies have an impact on the public mental health. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus has affected the normal diagnosis and treatment services in oral medical institutions across the country. Delay of non-emergency dental service will have a potential impact on the experience, cognition, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with oral diseases. Through literature review, this paper reviewed the oral psychosomatic diseases closely related to patients' psychological state,","Qu, Zhou","10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20200213-00053",20200222,"Crisis intervention; Novel coronavirus pneumonia; Oral psychosomatic disorder; Stress, psychological","PubMed",""
"505","Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.",NA,"Yang, Li, Zhang, Zhang, Cheung, Xiang","10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30079-1",20200325,"Access to Information; Age Factors; Aged; China; Coronavirus Infections; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Internet; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Viral; Smartphone; Telemedicine; Vulnerable Populations","PubMed",""
"506","The neglected health of international migrant workers in the COVID-19 epidemic.",NA,"Liem, Wang, Wariyanti, Latkin, Hall","10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30076-6",20200325,"Access to Information; Communication; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Emigrants and Immigrants; Employment; Health Equity; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Language; Pneumonia, Viral","PubMed",""
"507","Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.",NA,"Liu, Yang, Zhang, Xiang, Liu, Hu, Zhang","10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8",20200325,"China; Coronavirus Infections; Counseling; Disease Outbreaks; Emergency Medical Services; Humans; Internet; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Pneumonia, Viral; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Public Health; Telemedicine","PubMed",""
"508","Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic.",NA,"Duan, Zhu","10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0",20200326,"Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Mental Health; Pneumonia, Viral","PubMed",""
"509","Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.",NA,"Chen, Liang, Li, Guo, Fei, Wang, He, Sheng, Cai, Li, Wang, Zhang","10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X",20200325,"Adaptation, Psychological; Betacoronavirus; China; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Family Health; Humans; Mental Health Services; Personal Protective Equipment; Personnel, Hospital; Pneumonia, Viral; Rest; Stress, Psychological; Treatment Refusal","PubMed",""
"510","Timely research papers about COVID-19 in China.",NA,"Xiang, Li, Zhang, Jin, Rao, Zeng, Lok, Chow, Cheung, Hall","10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30375-5",20200316,"Biomedical Research; China; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; Pneumonia, Viral; Publications","PubMed",""
"511","[The network investigation on knowledge, attitude and practice about Novel coronavirus pneumonia of the residents in Anhui Province].","Objective: To analyze the current situation of the knowledge, attitudes and practice about Novelcoronavirus pneumonia (NCP) of the residents in Anhui Province. Methods: Anonymous network sampling survey was carried out with an electronic questionnaire that designed by the questionnaire star, and a total of 4016 subjects from Anhui province were investigated. The content of the survey includes that the basic information of subjects,the residents' knowledge, attitudes and practice about NCP, as we","Chen, Jin, Zhu, Fang, Wu, Du, Jiang, Wang, Yao","10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2020.0004",20200217,"Novel coronavirus pneumonia; attitude; knowledge; practice","PubMed",""
"512","2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society.",NA,"Bao, Sun, Meng, Shi, Lu","10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3",20200316,"Betacoronavirus; China; Coronavirus Infections; Data Accuracy; Disease Outbreaks; Global Health; Humans; Stress, Psychological","PubMed",""
"513","The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus.",NA,"Kang, Li, Hu, Chen, Yang, Yang, Wang, Hu, Lai, Ma, Chen, Guan, Wang, Ma, Liu","10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X",20200318,"Betacoronavirus; China; Coronavirus; Disease Outbreaks; Global Health; Humans; Mental Health","PubMed",""
"514","Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations.",NA,"Shigemura, Ursano, Morganstein, Kurosawa, Benedek","10.1111/pcn.12988",20200224,NA,"PubMed",""
"515","Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed.",NA,"Xiang, Yang, Li, Zhang, Zhang, Cheung, Ng","10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8",20200323,"China; Civil Defense; Communication; Coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Crisis Intervention; Disease Outbreaks; Health Personnel; Health Plan Implementation; Humans; Mental Health; Quarantine; Transportation","PubMed",""
"516","Quality of life reported by survivors after hospitalization for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).","Data are lacking on impact of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among survivors. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of MERS survivors who required hospitalization in Saudi Arabia during 2016-2017, approximately 1âyear after diagnosis. The Short-Form General Health Survey 36 (SF-36) was administered by telephone interview to assess 8 quality of life domains for MERS survivors and a sample of survivors of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI","Batawi, Tarazan, Al-Raddadi, Al Qasim, Sindi, Al Johni, Al-Hameed, Arabi, Uyeki, Alraddadi","10.1186/s12955-019-1165-2",20190812,"Coronavirus; Health-related quality of life (HRQoL); Long term outcome, survivors; Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); Pneumonia; Saudi Arabia; Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI); Adult; Case-Control Studies; Comorbidity; Coronavirus Infections; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Saudi Arabia; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survivors; Young Adult","PubMed",""
"517","Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients.","This study aimed to assess the immediate stress and psychological impact experienced by quarantined patients undergoing hemodialysis and university hospital workers who treated patients Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) during its outbreak. The group of subjects consisted of 1800 hospital practitioners and 73 quarantined patients undergoing hemodialysis. The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) was administered to the practitioners twice, once during the hospital shutdown and again one m","Lee, Kang, Cho, Kim, Park","10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.10.003",20190625,"Healthcare workers; Mental health; Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection; Quarantine; Adult; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; Occupational Diseases; Personnel, Hospital; Quarantine; Renal Dialysis; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological","PubMed",""
"518","Mental Health of Nurses Working at a Government-designated Hospital During a MERS-CoV Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Study.","During an epidemic of a novel infectious disease, many healthcare workers suffer from mental health problems. The aims of this study were to test the following hypotheses: stigma and hardiness exert both direct effects on mental health and also indirect (mediated) effects on mental health through stress in nurses working at a government-designated hospital during a Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic. A total of 187 participants were recruited using a convenience sam","Park, Lee, Park, Choi","10.1016/j.apnu.2017.09.006",20180522,"Hardiness; Mental health; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus; Nurse; Stigma; Stress; Adult; Coronavirus Infections; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Hospitals, State; Humans; Mental Health; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; Nurse's Role; Psychiatric Nursing; Republic of Korea; Stress, Psychological","PubMed",""
"519","Safety and tolerability of a novel, polyclonal human anti-MERS coronavirus antibody produced from transchromosomic cattle: a phase 1 randomised, double-blind, single-dose-escalation study.","Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a severe respiratory illness with an overall mortality of 35%. There is no licensed or proven treatment. Passive immunotherapy approaches are being developed to prevent and treat several human medical conditions where alternative therapeutic options are absent. We report the safety of a fully human polyclonal IgG antibody (SAB-301) produced from the hyperimmune plasma of transchromosomic cattle immunised with a MERS coronavirus vaccine. We did a phase 1","Beigel, Voell, Kumar, Raviprakash, Wu, Jiao, Sullivan, Luke, Davey","10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30002-1",20190225,"Adult; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Antibodies, Viral; Cattle; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulin G; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); Placebos; United States; Young Adult","PubMed",""
"520","Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.","Isolation due to the management of infectious diseases is thought to affect mental health, but the effects are still unknown. We examined the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and anger in persons isolated during the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) epidemic both at isolation period and at four to six months after release from isolation. We also determined risk factors associated with these symptoms at four to six months. Of 14,992 individuals isolated for 2-week due to having contact with M","Jeong, Yim, Song, Ki, Min, Cho, Chae","10.4178/epih.e2016048",20170216,"Anger; Anxiety; Isolation; Korea; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus; Adult; Anxiety; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; Patient Isolation; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies","PubMed",""
"521","Psychological trauma of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome victims and bereaved families.",NA,"Sim","10.4178/epih.e2016054",20170224,"Bereavement; Coronavirus Infections; Family; Humans; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; Psychological Trauma; Uncertainty","PubMed",""
"522","Middle East respiratory syndrome in South Korea during 2015: Risk-related perceptions and quarantine attitudes.","A telephone survey involving 200 household members in and around Seoul, South Korea, was completed during the maturity stage of the outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in Korea during June 2015. The study found that respondents perceived low risk from contracting MERS, had low trust in government in controlling MERS, and generally held unfavorable attitudes toward quarantine.","Kim, Liao, Yu, Kim, Yoon, Lam, Fielding","10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03.014",20171120,"Outbreak control; Trust; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Attitude; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Quarantine; Republic of Korea; Trust; Young Adult","PubMed",""
"523","Intratracheal exposure of common marmosets to MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 or MERS-CoV EMC/2012 isolates does not result in lethal disease.","Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to be a threat to human health in the Middle East. Development of countermeasures is ongoing; however, an animal model that faithfully recapitulates human disease has yet to be defined. A recent study indicated that inoculation of common marmosets resulted in inconsistent lethality. Based on these data we sought to compare two isolates of MERS-CoV. We followed disease progression in common marmosets after intratracheal exposure wi","Johnson, Via, Kumar, Cornish, Yellayi, Huzella, Postnikova, Oberlander, Bartos, Ork, Mazur, Allan, Holbrook, Solomon, Johnson, Pickel, Hensley, Jahrling","10.1016/j.virol.2015.07.013",20160202,"Animal model; Coronavirus; MERS; MERS-CoV; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome; Nonhuman primate; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Biopsy; Callithrix; Chlorocebus aethiops; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Models, Animal; Kidney; Lung; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; Monkey Diseases; RNA, Viral; Severity of Illness Index; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vero Cells","PubMed",""
"524","Association of seropositivity for influenza and coronaviruses with history of mood disorders and suicide attempts.","Anecdotal reports of mood disorder following infection with common respiratory viruses with neurotropic potential have been in existence since the last century. Nevertheless, systematic studies on the association between these viruses and mood disorders are lacking. Influenza A, B and coronavirus antibody titers were measured in 257 subjects with recurrent unipolar and bipolar disorder and healthy controls, by SCID. Pearson's ϲ tests and logistic regression models were used to analyze associa","Okusaga, Yolken, Langenberg, Lapidus, Arling, Dickerson, Scrandis, Severance, Cabassa, Balis, Postolache","10.1016/j.jad.2010.09.029",20110729,"Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Chi-Square Distribution; Coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza B virus; Influenza, Human; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders; Suicide, Attempted; Young Adult","PubMed",""
"525","A structural view of the inactivation of the SARS coronavirus main proteinase by benzotriazole esters.","The main proteinase (M(pro)) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus is a principal target for the design of anticoronaviral compounds. Benzotriazole esters have been reported as potent nonpeptidic inhibitors of the enzyme, but their exact mechanism of action remains unclear. Here we present crystal structures of SARS-CoV M(pro), the active-site cysteine of which has been acylated by benzotriazole esters that act as suicide inhibitors. In one of the structures, the thioester ","Verschueren, Pumpor, Anemüller, Chen, Mesters, Hilgenfeld","10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.04.011",20080903,"Catalysis; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Esters; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Protease Inhibitors; Triazoles; Viral Proteins","PubMed",""
"526","Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome care on the general health status of healthcare workers in taiwan.","The impact of the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was enormous, but few studies have focused on the infectious and general health status of healthcare workers (HCWs) who treated patients with SARS. We prospectively evaluated the general health status of HCWs during the SARS epidemic. The Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36 Survey was given to all HCWs immediately after caring for patients with SARS and 4 weeks after self-quarantine and off-duty shifts. Tests for detection of","Chen, Wang, Hsieh, Huang, Kao, Chen, Tsai","10.1086/508824",20070315,"Adult; Disease Outbreaks; Health Status; Health Surveys; Humans; Medical Staff, Hospital; Mental Health; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Psychology; Quarantine; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Taiwan","PubMed",""
"527","Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and healthcare workers.","The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory synt drome (SARS) was spread by international air travel, a direct result of globalization. The disease is caused by a novel coronavirus, transmitted from human to human by droplets or by direct contact. Healthcare workers (HCWs) were at high risk and accounted for a fifth of all cases globally. Risk factors for infection in HCWs included lack of awareness and preparedness when the disease first struck, poor institutional infection control measures","Chan-Yeung","10.1179/oeh.2004.10.4.421",20050419,"Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Health Personnel; Hong Kong; Humans; Infection Control; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional; Mental Health; Risk Factors; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome","PubMed",""
"528","Colonization ability and pathogenic properties of a fim- mutant of an avian strain of Escherichia coli.","Several studies suggest that the expression of type 1 fimbriae is involved in the virulence of Escherichia coli in chickens, by promoting adhesion of bacteria to the respiratory tract, which is most probably the first step to occur in the infection, and by interacting with the immune response. In order to determine to what extent type 1 fimbriae were involved in the pathogenic process, the fim cluster of an avian pathogenic strain of E. coli, MT78 (O2:K1:H+), was modified in vitro and reintroduc","Marc, Arné, Brée, Dho-Moulin","10.1016/s0923-2508(98)80002-8",19981029,"Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Base Sequence; Blotting, Southern; Body Weight; Chickens; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Gene Deletion; Genetic Vectors; Hemagglutination Tests; Infectious bronchitis virus; Lethal Dose 50; Microscopy, Electron; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Poultry Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Virulence","PubMed",""