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<h4>User Guide</h4>
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<option>Select a version</option><option>7.0.5</option> <option>7.0.4</option> <option>7.0.3</option> <option>7.0.2</option> <option>7.0.1</option> <option>7.0.0</option> <option>6.2.3</option> <option>6.2.2</option> <option>6.2.1</option> <option>6.2.0</option> <option>6.1.2</option> <option>6.1.1</option> <option>6.1.0</option> <option>6.0.0</option> <option>5.3.6</option> <option>5.3.5</option> <option>5.3.4</option> <option>5.3.3</option> <option>5.3.2</option> <option>5.3.1</option> <option>5.3.0</option> <option>5.2.6</option> <option>5.2.5</option> <option>5.2.4</option> <option>5.2.3</option> <option>5.2.2</option> <option>5.2.1</option> <option>5.2.0</option> <option>5.1.10</option> <option>5.1.9</option> <option>5.1.8</option> <option>5.1.7</option> <option>5.1.6</option> <option>5.1.5</option> <option>5.1.4</option> <option>5.1.3</option> <option>5.1.2</option> <option>5.1.1</option> <option>5.1.0</option> <option>5.0.3</option> <option>5.0.2</option> <option>5.0.1</option> <option>5.0.0</option> <option>4.1.4</option> <option>4.1.3</option> <option>4.1.2</option> <option>4.1.1</option> <option>4.1.0</option> <option>4.0.13</option> <option>4.0.12</option> <option>4.0.11</option> <option>4.0.10</option> <option>4.0.9</option> <option>4.0.8</option> <option>4.0.7</option> <option>4.0.6</option> <option>4.0.5</option> <option>4.0.4</option> <option>4.0.3</option> <option>4.0.2</option> <option>4.0.1</option> <option>4.0.0</option> <option>3.3.18</option> <option>3.3.17</option> <option>3.3.16</option> <option>3.3.15</option> <option>3.3.14</option> <option>3.3.13</option> <option>3.3.12</option> <option>3.3.11</option> <option>3.3.11</option> <option>3.3.10</option> <option>3.3.10</option> <option>3.3.9</option> <option>3.3.8</option> <option>3.3.7</option> <option>3.3.6</option> <option>3.3.5</option> <option>3.3.4</option> <option>3.3.3</option> <option>3.3.2</option> <option>3.3.1</option> <option>3.3.0</option> <option>3.2.13</option> <option>3.2.12</option> <option>3.2.11</option> <option>3.2.10</option> <option>3.2.9</option> <option>3.2.8</option> <option>3.2.7</option> <option>3.2.6</option> <option>3.2.5</option> <option>3.2.4</option> <option>3.2.3</option> <option>3.2.2</option> <option>3.2.1</option> <option>3.2.0</option> <option>3.1.16</option> <option>3.1.15</option> <option>3.1.14</option> <option>3.1.13</option> <option>3.1.12</option> <option>3.1.11</option> <option>3.1.10</option> <option>3.1.9</option> <option>3.1.8</option> <option>3.1.7</option> <option>3.1.6</option> <option>3.1.5</option> <option>3.1.4</option> <option>3.1.3</option> <option>3.1.2</option> <option>3.1.1</option> <option>3.1.0</option> <option>3.0.17</option> <option>3.0.16</option> <option>3.0.15</option> <option>3.0.14</option> <option>3.0.13</option> <option>3.0.12</option> <option>3.0.11</option> <option>3.0.10</option> <option>3.0.9</option> <option>3.0.8</option> <option>3.0.7</option> <option>3.0.6</option> <option>3.0.5</option> <option>3.0.4</option> <option>3.0.3</option> <option>3.0.2</option> <option>3.0.1</option> <option>3.0.0</option> <option>2.5.6</option> <option>2.5.5</option> <option>2.5.4</option> <option>2.5.3</option> <option>2.5.2</option> <option>2.5.1</option> <option>2.5.0</option> <option>2.4.5</option> <option>2.4.4</option> <option>2.4.3</option> <option>2.4.2</option> <option>2.4.1</option> <option>2.4.0</option> <option>2.3.11</option> <option>2.3.10</option> <option>2.3.9</option> <option>2.3.8</option> <option>2.3.7</option> <option>2.3.6</option> <option>2.3.5</option> <option>2.3.4</option> <option>2.3.3</option> <option>2.3.2</option> <option>2.3.1</option> <option>2.3.0</option> <option>2.2.5</option> <option>2.2.4</option> <option>2.2.3</option> <option>2.2.2</option> <option>2.2.1</option> <option>2.2.0</option> <option>2.1.5</option> <option>2.1.4</option> <option>2.1.3</option> <option>2.1.2</option> <option>2.1.1</option> <option>2.1.0</option> <option>2.0.4</option> <option>2.0.3</option> <option>2.0.2</option> <option>2.0.1</option> <option>2.0.0</option> <option>1.3.9</option> <option>1.3.8</option> <option>1.3.7</option> <option>1.3.6</option> <option>1.3.5</option> <option>1.3.4</option> <option>1.3.3</option> <option>1.3.2</option> <option>1.3.1</option> <option>1.3.0</option> <option>1.2.5</option> <option>1.2.4</option> <option>1.2.3</option> <option>1.2.2</option> <option>1.2.1</option> <option>1.2.0</option> <option>1.0.4</option> <option>1.0.3</option> <option>1.0.2</option> <option>1.0.1</option> <option>1.0</option> <option>0.6</option> <option>0.5.6</option> <option>0.5.5</option> <option>0.5</option> <option>0.4.2</option> <option>0.4.1</option> <option>0.4</option> <option>0.3</option> <option>0.2</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class='versionselector'>
<h4>API Reference</h4>
<select onchange='window.location.href='https://grails.apache.org/docs/' + this.value + '/api''>
<option>Select a version</option><option>7.0.5</option> <option>7.0.4</option> <option>7.0.3</option> <option>7.0.2</option> <option>7.0.1</option> <option>7.0.0</option> <option>6.2.3</option> <option>6.2.2</option> <option>6.2.1</option> <option>6.2.0</option> <option>6.1.2</option> <option>6.1.1</option> <option>6.1.0</option> <option>6.0.0</option> <option>5.3.6</option> <option>5.3.5</option> <option>5.3.4</option> <option>5.3.3</option> <option>5.3.2</option> <option>5.3.1</option> <option>5.3.0</option> <option>5.2.6</option> <option>5.2.5</option> <option>5.2.4</option> <option>5.2.3</option> <option>5.2.2</option> <option>5.2.1</option> <option>5.2.0</option> <option>5.1.10</option> <option>5.1.9</option> <option>5.1.8</option> <option>5.1.7</option> <option>5.1.6</option> <option>5.1.5</option> <option>5.1.4</option> <option>5.1.3</option> <option>5.1.2</option> <option>5.1.1</option> <option>5.1.0</option> <option>5.0.3</option> <option>5.0.2</option> <option>5.0.1</option> <option>5.0.0</option> <option>4.1.4</option> <option>4.1.3</option> <option>4.1.2</option> <option>4.1.1</option> <option>4.1.0</option> <option>4.0.13</option> <option>4.0.12</option> <option>4.0.11</option> <option>4.0.10</option> <option>4.0.9</option> <option>4.0.8</option> <option>4.0.7</option> <option>4.0.6</option> <option>4.0.5</option> <option>4.0.4</option> <option>4.0.3</option> <option>4.0.2</option> <option>4.0.1</option> <option>4.0.0</option> <option>3.3.18</option> <option>3.3.17</option> <option>3.3.16</option> <option>3.3.15</option> <option>3.3.14</option> <option>3.3.13</option> <option>3.3.12</option> <option>3.3.11</option> <option>3.3.11</option> <option>3.3.10</option> <option>3.3.10</option> <option>3.3.9</option> <option>3.3.8</option> <option>3.3.7</option> <option>3.3.6</option> <option>3.3.5</option> <option>3.3.4</option> <option>3.3.3</option> <option>3.3.2</option> <option>3.3.1</option> <option>3.3.0</option> <option>3.2.13</option> <option>3.2.12</option> <option>3.2.11</option> <option>3.2.10</option> <option>3.2.9</option> <option>3.2.8</option> <option>3.2.7</option> <option>3.2.6</option> <option>3.2.5</option> <option>3.2.4</option> <option>3.2.3</option> <option>3.2.2</option> <option>3.2.1</option> <option>3.2.0</option> <option>3.1.16</option> <option>3.1.15</option> <option>3.1.14</option> <option>3.1.13</option> <option>3.1.12</option> <option>3.1.11</option> <option>3.1.10</option> <option>3.1.9</option> <option>3.1.8</option> <option>3.1.7</option> <option>3.1.6</option> <option>3.1.5</option> <option>3.1.4</option> <option>3.1.3</option> <option>3.1.2</option> <option>3.1.1</option> <option>3.1.0</option> <option>3.0.17</option> <option>3.0.16</option> <option>3.0.15</option> <option>3.0.14</option> <option>3.0.13</option> <option>3.0.12</option> <option>3.0.11</option> <option>3.0.10</option> <option>3.0.9</option> <option>3.0.8</option> <option>3.0.7</option> <option>3.0.6</option> <option>3.0.5</option> <option>3.0.4</option> <option>3.0.3</option> <option>3.0.2</option> <option>3.0.1</option> <option>3.0.0</option> <option>2.5.6</option> <option>2.5.5</option> <option>2.5.4</option> <option>2.5.3</option> <option>2.5.2</option> <option>2.5.1</option> <option>2.5.0</option> <option>2.4.5</option> <option>2.4.4</option> <option>2.4.3</option> <option>2.4.2</option> <option>2.4.1</option> <option>2.4.0</option> <option>2.3.11</option> <option>2.3.10</option> <option>2.3.9</option> <option>2.3.8</option> <option>2.3.7</option> <option>2.3.6</option> <option>2.3.5</option> <option>2.3.4</option> <option>2.3.3</option> <option>2.3.2</option> <option>2.3.1</option> <option>2.3.0</option> <option>2.2.5</option> <option>2.2.4</option> <option>2.2.3</option> <option>2.2.2</option> <option>2.2.1</option> <option>2.2.0</option> <option>2.1.5</option> <option>2.1.4</option> <option>2.1.3</option> <option>2.1.2</option> <option>2.1.1</option> <option>2.1.0</option> <option>2.0.4</option> <option>2.0.3</option> <option>2.0.2</option> <option>2.0.1</option> <option>2.0.0</option> <option>1.3.9</option> <option>1.3.8</option> <option>1.3.7</option> <option>1.3.6</option> <option>1.3.5</option> <option>1.3.4</option> <option>1.3.3</option> <option>1.3.2</option> <option>1.3.1</option> <option>1.3.0</option> <option>1.2.5</option> <option>1.2.4</option> <option>1.2.3</option> <option>1.2.2</option> <option>1.2.1</option> <option>1.2.0</option> <option>1.0.4</option> <option>1.0.3</option> <option>1.0.2</option> <option>1.0.1</option> <option>1.0</option> <option>0.6</option> <option>0.5.6</option> <option>0.5.5</option> <option>0.5</option> <option>0.4.2</option> <option>0.4.1</option> <option>0.4</option> <option>0.3</option> <option>0.2</option>
</select>
</div>
</div><div class='guidegroup'>
<div class='guidegroupheader'>
<img src='https://grails.apache.org/images/upgrade.svg' alt='Upgrade' />
<h2>Upgrade</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li>
<a href='https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/guide/upgrading.html'>Upgrade Documentation</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div><div class='guidegroup'>
<div class='guidegroupheader'>
<img src='https://grails.apache.org/images/testing.svg' alt='Testing' />
<h2>Testing</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li>
<a href='https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/guide/testing.html'>Testing Framework</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div><div class='guidegroup'>
<div class='guidegroupheader'>
<img src='https://grails.apache.org/images/views.svg' alt='Views' />
<h2>Views</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li>
<a href='https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/guide/theWebLayer.html#gsp'>GSP</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href='https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/guide/theWebLayer.html#gson'>JSON Views</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href='https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/guide/theWebLayer.html#markup'>Markup Views</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div><div class='guidegroup'>
<div class='guidegroupheader'>
<img src='https://grails.apache.org/images/async.svg' alt='Async' />
<h2>Async</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li>
<a href='https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/guide/async.html'>Async Grails</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div><div class='guidegroup'>
<div class='guidegroupheader'>
<img src='https://grails.apache.org/images/relationaldb.svg' alt='Database' />
<h2>Database</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li>
<a href='https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/grails-data/hibernate5/manual/index.html#databaseMigration'>Database Migration Plugin</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div><div class='guidegroup'>
<div class='guidegroupheader'>
<img src='https://grails.apache.org/images/documentation.svg' alt='Redis' />
<h2>Redis</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li>
<a href='https://github.com/apache/grails-redis?tab=readme-ov-file#grails-7'>Redis</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> </article>
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